[Staged treatment of a patient with malignant ischemic cerebral infarction]. / Sluchai etapnogo lecheniya patsienta so zlokachestvennym ishemicheskim infarktom mozga.

The authors discuss surgical decompression of the brain in patients with malignant ischemic cerebral infarcts. Successful staged treatment of a middle-aged patient with malignant ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery basin is presented.

The Effect of Nitroxyalkyl Succinimides on Activity of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Phosphodiesterase.

The effect of N-nitroxymethyl succinimide (1), N-(2-nitroxyethyl) succinimide (2) and N-(3-nitroxypropyl) succinimide (3) on enzymatic activity of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterase was studied and crystal structure of compound (2) was determined. It was shown that all studied N-nitroxy succinimides inhibited cGMP phosphodiesterase in a concentration range of 0.1-0.001 mM. Compound (2) noncompetitively and reversibly inhibited hydrolytic function of enzyme with Ki=1.7×10-5 М. Inhibition constant for the reference compound N-(2-nitroethyl) nicotinamide (nicorandil) was 3×10-5 М.

[The use of transcallosal ventriculostomy to treat complicated forms of aneurismal intracranial hemorrhages].

The present paper reports two cases of successful use of the anterior interhemispheric transcallosal approach during ultra-early surgery in patients in decompensated condition with severe intraventricular hemorrhage caused by rupture of cerebral aneurysms.

[Combination of multiple distal posterior fossa aneurysms with cerebellar AVM].

A rare combination of distal aneurysms of SCA and PICA with cerebellar AVM is presented. Case report demonstrates successful simultaneous surgical treatment of all abovementioned anomalies.

[Stepwise treatment of a patient with seven bilateral cerebral aneurysms].

This case report describes successful multistage combined treatment of a female patent with seven bilateral cerebral aneurysms.

[Analysis of main functional parameters of the national system for mandatory social insurance against workmen's occupational risks]. / Analiz osnovnykh pokazatelei raboty otechestvennoi sistemy obiazatel'nogo sotsial'nogo strakhovaniia professional'nykh riskov.

The article covers first published main parameters of management and practical activities of national system for mandatory social insurance of workmen's occupational risks within a Federal Law No 125-FL "On mandatory social insurance against occupational accidents and diseases". The authors present dynamics of insurers (employers) registration, values of allocation rates, dynamics and structure of insurance payments, results of investigations on traumatism and occupational diseases. The suggestions are ways to improve the existing system from occupational medicine viewpoint.

[Occupational medicine documentation as a basis for improving approaches to risk assessment and to workers' social welfare]. / Sovershenstvovanie podkhodov k otsenke riska i sotsial'noi zashchite rabotnikov na osnove dokumentov MOT po meditsine truda.

The article covers materials on medical and social problems associated with up-to-date improving the occupational medical service.

[Occupational risk as a criterion determining economic responsibility of employers]. / Professional'nyi risk kak kriterii opredeleniia ékonomicheskoi otvetstvennosti rabotodatelia.

The authors suggested a new method to calculate discounts and increments, value of assurance collection, that is based on differentiation of insurers, but not of economic branches. Occupational risk class should be set according to the previous results with consideration of work safety parameters described in the article.

[The calculation and regulation of dust exposure doses to decrease the level of occupational diseases of dust etiology]. / Raschet i regulirovanie pylevykh ékspozitsionnykh doz s tsel'iu snizheniia urovnia professional'nykh zabolevanii pylevoi étiologii.

One of the real ways to reduce occupational diseases caused by dust is to cut the duration of contact with dust. The studies helped to suggest a method calculating occupational risk correlated to dust content of the air. The authors evaluated the duration of contact with dust so as to reduce occupational risk to the minimum. Those measures appeared to lower but not eliminate the occupational risk.

[Problems and perspectives of international unification of methods for measurement of industrial aerosols ]. / Problemy i perspektivy mezhdunarodnoi unifikatsii metoda izmereniia promyshlennykh aérozolei.

Having considered disagreements between measurements of industrial aerosols, the authors first performed comparative quantitative analysis of MACs existing in Russia and foreign norms according to International Labour Organization (1990). The article suggests a method to correlate approximately maximal single and average shift concentrations of inhaled and respirable dust in TWA and STEL.

[The economic consequences of breaches of hygienic standards]. / K voprosu ob ékonomicheskikh posledstviiakh narushenii gigienicheskikh normativov.

Economic detriment due to the main occupational diseases diagnosed in 1990 forms a sum of 2.58 billion roubles. Careful assess of economic losses concerning only a deficiency in supply due to an increased morbidity of workers gave a total amount of 20 billion roubles a year in prices of 1987. Privilege pensions connected with hazardous working conditions and based on lists N1 and 2 are considered as an occult legalization of the hygienic norms breaking. Contents of the lists trend to expand. By the end of 1987 the privilege pensions payments covered 6.6 billion roubles, but in 1991 that sum reached 7.3 billion roubles.

[Methods and equipment for two-stage gravimetric measurements of dust levels]. / Metodicheskoe i pribornoe obespechenie dvukhstupenchatykh gravi- metricheskikh izmerenii kontsentratsii pyli.

The two stage gravimetric technique used for the measurements of industrial aerosols, in combination with measurements of mass-related concentrations of particles in the air, provided major hygienic information on the sizes (dispersity) of the inhaled particles. The results of the measurements taken in various branches of industry, ore and alluval deposit mines clarified the fundamental properties of the particles' distribution into rough and thin fractions. An express two-stage gravimetric technique for determining ore aerosol dispersal contents was proposed, along with the technical characteristics of the USSR-produced dust counters.

[The disperse composition of the aerosols in modern foundry production]. / Dispersnyi sostav aérozolei sovremennogo liteinogo proizvodstva.

Workers engaged in automatic moulding mixtures preparation inhale aerosols with the particles' mass-median diameter 3.5 micromicrons, whereas the main parameters of the particle inhaled in steel bar rolling mills are 17.7 and 30.8 micromicrons respectively. The highest content of coarse dust fractions (up to 40 mg/m3) with the particles' diameter above 7 micromicrons, e.i. most affecting the bronchopulmonary system, was found in the cleaners working places. Workers of some other professions inhale dust complex particles with the diameter of 7 micromicrons, and polymodal aerosols with the maximum distribution among the particles within 4.3 and 11.7 micromicrons.

[Economic evaluation of health-related effects of the improvement of working conditions]. / K voprosu ekonomicheskoi otsenki ozdorovitel'nego éffekta uluchsheniia uslovii truda.

The importance of financial resources input into health improving goes without saying, and economic analysis can only contribute to the search and allocation of funds. The specific economic loss (SEL) seems to be a most informative index of the damage caused to economy by occupational diseases. This index includes the total sum of economic damage of the society through all the life of the worker after an occupational disease was diagnosed. The limits of SEL vary from 6.8 to 30 thousand roubles. A further elaboration of technical and legislative bases is needed to define the economic responsibility of enterprises for violating hygienic norms and regulations.