RESUMO
Since early 2020, different studies have shown an increased prevalence of COVID-19 and poorer prognosis in older adults with cardiovascular comorbidities. This study aimed to assess the impact of heart failure (HF) on cardiovascular complications, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The CARDIO COVID 19-20 registry includes 3260 hospitalized patients with a COVID-19 serological diagnosis between May 2020 and June 2021 from Latin American countries. A history of HF was identified in 182 patients (5.6%). In patients with and without previous HF, the incidence of supraventricular arrhythmia was 16.5% vs. 6.3%, respectively (p = 0.001), and that of acute coronary syndrome was 7.1% vs. 2.7%, respectively (p = 0.001). Patients with a history of HF had higher rates of ICU admission (61.5% vs. 53.1%, respectively; p = 0.031) and in-hospital mortality (41.8% vs. 24.5%, respectively; p = 0.001) than patients without HF. Cardiovascular mortality at discharge (42.1% vs. 18.5%, respectively; p < 0.001) and at 30 days post-discharge (66.7% vs. 18.0%, respectively) was higher for patients with a history of HF than for patients without HF. In patients hospitalized with COVID-19, previous history of HF was associated with a more severe cardiovascular profile, with increased risk of cardiovascular complications, and poor in-hospital and 30-day outcomes.
RESUMO
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurological ailments. With diverse motor affectations (postural instability, resting tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity), people with Parkinson's disease (PwP) have a broad spectrum of non-motor symptoms. These include autonomic function changes, cognitive deterioration, neuropsychiatric difficulties, and sleep interruptions. Psychological disturbances, such as anxiety and sadness, are common among PwP. This discomfort is often accompanied by a decrease in general functioning, both at work and in social contacts. Furthermore, people who are experiencing psychological distress have a quick decrease in both physical and cognitive capacities. Furthermore, Pwp who also suffer from anxiety and depression are more likely to acquire dementia. It is worth noting that studies have shown good outcomes in the treatment of physical disabilities in PWP and the various therapeutics available for each affected body part, such as in the legs when they have walking problems, resting tremor in their hands, or micrography, which is a common symptom in these patients. The medical research databases PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library were used to look for relevant materials. Upon meticulous scrutiny, a thorough investigation was conducted on the papers at hand. A total of 10 publications were meticulously selected based on stringent qualifying criteria. The present investigation examines various perspectives regarding the physical rehabilitation of individuals diagnosed with PD. The majority of therapeutic interventions employed revolve around cutting-edge technologies, such as virtual reality (VR), combined with exercise regimens. These interventions have demonstrated notable statistical significance in terms of enhancing various physical aspects, including endurance, performance, gait capacity, perception, and overall independence in daily life activities. One of the gathered studies makes use of the therapeutic benefits of yoga to help PwP deal with their anxiety and improve their mental health. Based on the aforementioned information, further investigation is required to ascertain the optimal approach for physical rehabilitation management and develop diverse strategies aimed at assisting individuals with PD in attaining physical autonomy.
RESUMO
(1) Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a relatively common and complex pathology, and some of its mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Change in host microbiota is related to the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. This systematic review aims to gather existing data on the occidental hemisphere, compare it, and search for any significant association between Parkinson's disease and gut microbiota dysbiosis. (2) Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) protocols were used for this systematic review. PubMed was used as the database search engine. Of the 166 studies found, only 10 were used, as they met our inclusion criteria: case-control studies, studies that assessed the correlation of PD and gut microbiome, studies that took place in occidental regions, and studies that were performed on humans and were written in English. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as the assessment tool for overall risk of bias in this systematic review. (3) Results: The studies analyzed were divided into three geographic areas: Region 1: United States of America and Canada; Region 2: Germany, Ireland, and Finland; and Region 3: Italy; based on geographical similarities among these populations. The following statistically significant results were described in PD patients, compared with non-PD controls. In the first region, a significant increase in the following bacteria was seen: 1. Phylum: Actinobacteriota and its Genus: Bifidobacterium; 2. Phylum: Verrucomicrobiota and its Genus: Akkermansia; 3. Genus: Enterococcus, Hungatella, Lactobacillus, and Oscillospira of the Phylum: Firmicutes; 4. Family: Ruminococcaceae of Phylum: Firmicutes; 5. Phylum: Bacteroidetes and its Genus: Bacteroides; 6. Phylum: Proteobacteria. A significant decrease was described in the Family: Lachnospiraceae and its Genus: Blautia, Coprococcus, and Roseburia, which belong to the Phylum: Firmicutes. In the second region, a raised number of: 1. Phylum: Verrucomicrobiota, its Genus: Akkermansia, and its Species: Akkermansia muciniphila; 2. Family: Verrucomicrobiaceae of the Phylum: Verrucomicrobiota; 3. Genus: Lactobacillus and Roseburia of the Phylum: Firmicutes; 4. Family: Lactobacillaceae of the Phylum: Firmicutes; 5. Family: Barnesiellaceae of the Phylum: Bacteroidetes; 6. Genus: Bifidobacterium of the Phylum: Actinobacteriota; 7. Species: Bilophila wadsworthia of the Phylum: Thermodesulfobacteriota, was identified. Only one Genus: Prevotella of the Phylum: Bacteroidetes was decreased. In the third and last region, an augmented number of these bacteria were found: 1. Phylum: Verrucomicrobiota and its Genus: Akkermansia; 2. Family: Bifidobacteriaceae and Coriobacteriaceae of the Phylum: Actinobacteriota; 3. Phylum: Firmicutes and its Family: Christensenellaceae and Lactobacillaceae; 4. Family: Enterococcaceae and its Genus: Enterococcus, of the Phylum: Firmicutes; 5. Genus: Lactococcus and Oscillospira, of the Phylum: Firmicutes; 6. Phylum: Proteobacteria, its Family: Enterobacteriaceae, and the Genus: Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Salmonella, and Shigella; 7. Genus: ParaBacteroides of the Phylum: Bacteroidetes. In contrast, a significant decrease in 1. Phylum: Firmicutes, its Family: Lachnospiraceae, and its Genus: Roseburia and 2. Genus: Ruminococcus of the Phylum: Firmicutes, was described. (4) Conclusion: A significant gut dysbiosis, involving multiple bacterial taxa, was found in PD patients compared to healthy people in the occidental regions. However, more studies are needed to find the precise pathophysiologic involvement of other groups of pathogens, such as fungi and parasites, in the development and progression of PD.
RESUMO
Social anxiety (SA) means fear of scrutiny and of others' negative evaluation, thus indicating that hypermentalizing (HMZ) (i.e., the over-attribution of intentions and thoughts to others) might be the most common error of social cognition in SA. However, evidence for this is weak. One explanation is that HMZ is not stable in SA, but rather context-dependent. The first aim of the current study was testing this hypothesis. The second aim was analyzing whether the association between SA and HMZ is moderated by a negative self-image. One-hundred and thirteen young adults (85.8% females; M = 21.1 years old; SD = 2.7) were assessed on measures of SA, HMZ, and self-image. Given the over-representation of females, conclusions may not be safely extrapolated to males. Results revealed that HMZ is associated with SA only in the self-referential social situation [B = 2.68 (95% CI: 0.72-4.65), p = 0.007]. This supports that HMZ is not global in SA (i.e., a stable cognitive style), but rather is active only in some contexts. Implications for the conceptualization and treatment of SA are discussed. Contrary to predictions, neither self-esteem, nor positive or negative self-schema moderated the association between SA and self-referential HMZ. This contradicts findings in the field of paranoid delusion and requires replication, including measures of implicit self-esteem.
