RESUMO
BACKGROUND: To determine genomic alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumors obtained through routine clinical practice, selected cancer-related genes were evaluated and compared with alterations seen in frozen tumors obtained through research studies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: DNA samples obtained from 252 FFPE HNSCC were analyzed using next-generation sequencing-based (NGS) clinical assay to determine sequence and copy number variations in 236 cancer-related genes plus 47 introns from 19 genes frequently rearranged in cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) status was determined by presence of the HPV DNA sequence in all samples and corroborated with high-risk HPV in situ hybridization (ISH) and p16 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in a subset of tumors. Sequencing data from 399 frozen tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas and University of Chicago public datasets were analyzed for comparison. RESULTS: Among 252 FFPE HNSCC, 84 (33%) were HPV positive and 168 (67%) were HPV negative by sequencing. A subset of 40 tumors with HPV ISH and p16 IHC results showed complete concordance with NGS-derived HPV status. The most common genes with genomic alterations were PIK3CA and PTEN in HPV-positive tumors and TP53 and CDKN2A/B in HPV-negative tumors. In the pathway analysis, the PI3K pathway in HPV-positive tumors and DNA repair-p53 and cell cycle pathways in HPV-negative tumors were frequently altered. The HPV-positive oropharynx and HPV-positive nasal cavity/paranasal sinus carcinoma shared similar mutational profiles. CONCLUSION: The genomic profile of FFPE HNSCC tumors obtained through routine clinical practice is comparable with frozen tumors studied in research setting, demonstrating the feasibility of comprehensive genomic profiling in a clinical setting. However, the clinical significance of these genomic alterations requires further investigation through application of these genomic profiles as integral biomarkers in clinical trials.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/química , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virologia , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/análise , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA , DNA Viral/genética , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Feminino , Fixadores , Formaldeído , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/química , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/virologia , Testes de DNA para Papilomavírus Humano , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Hibridização In Situ , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Papillomaviridae/genética , Inclusão em Parafina , Fenótipo , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço , Fixação de TecidosRESUMO
This study examined the effect of cigarette smoking on the perceptions of source credibility. A sample of smokers and nonsmokers were recruited (N = 272) and randomly assigned to view one of four versions of a photograph: male with cigarette, female with cigarette, male without cigarette, and female without cigarette. Perceptions of the photographs were then recorded using a credibility scale. Nonsmoking models were rated significantly higher than smokers in competency, character, and composure while smoking models received significantly higher marks than nonsmokers in extroversion.
