Genomic history of coastal societies from eastern South America.

Sambaqui (shellmound) societies are among the most intriguing archaeological phenomena in pre-colonial South America, extending from approximately 8,000 to 1,000 years before present (yr BP) across 3,000 km on the Atlantic coast. However, little is known about their connection to early Holocene hunter-gatherers, how this may have contributed to different historical pathways and the processes through which late Holocene ceramists came to rule the coast shortly before European contact. To contribute to our understanding of the population history of indigenous societies on the eastern coast of South America, we produced genome-wide data from 34 ancient individuals as early as 10,000 yr BP from four different regions in Brazil. Early Holocene hunter-gatherers were found to lack shared genetic drift among themselves and with later populations from eastern South America, suggesting that they derived from a common radiation and did not contribute substantially to later coastal groups. Our analyses show genetic heterogeneity among contemporaneous Sambaqui groups from the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast, contrary to the similarity expressed in the archaeological record. The complex history of intercultural contact between inland horticulturists and coastal populations becomes genetically evident during the final horizon of Sambaqui societies, from around 2,200 yr BP, corroborating evidence of cultural change.

The maternal genetic make-up of the Iberian Peninsula between the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.

Agriculture first reached the Iberian Peninsula around 5700 BCE. However, little is known about the genetic structure and changes of prehistoric populations in different geographic areas of Iberia. In our study, we focus on the maternal genetic makeup of the Neolithic (~ 5500-3000 BCE), Chalcolithic (~ 3000-2200 BCE) and Early Bronze Age (~ 2200-1500 BCE). We report ancient mitochondrial DNA results of 213 individuals (151 HVS-I sequences) from the northeast, central, southeast and southwest regions and thus on the largest archaeogenetic dataset from the Peninsula to date. Similar to other parts of Europe, we observe a discontinuity between hunter-gatherers and the first farmers of the Neolithic. During the subsequent periods, we detect regional continuity of Early Neolithic lineages across Iberia, however the genetic contribution of hunter-gatherers is generally higher than in other parts of Europe and varies regionally. In contrast to ancient DNA findings from Central Europe, we do not observe a major turnover in the mtDNA record of the Iberian Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, suggesting that the population history of the Iberian Peninsula is distinct in character.

Benefícios da atividade física sistemática em parâmetros psicológicos do praticante: um estudo sobre ansiedade e agressividade / Benefits of systematic physical activities on individual's psychological parameters: a study about anxiety and aggression

Este estudo comparou os níveis de ansiedade e agressividade de 80 adolescentes e adultos fisicamente ativos e sedentários. Todos os participantes foram avaliados utilizando-se o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado e o State Trait Anger Expression Inventory ambos desenvolvidos por Spielberger e validados no Brasil por Biaggio (1983,1995). Os resultados da análise estatistica indicam: (1) diferenças significativas nos grupos nos níveis de ansiedade e agressividade, = 0,30, F (3, 70) = 55,15, p= 0,000; (2) interação significativa entre grupos e idade, = 0,81, F (3, 70)= 5,19, p= 0,003; (3) interação não significativa para grupos e gênero = 0,97, F (3, 70) = 0,54, p= 0,65. Esses resultados evidenciam que tanto na adolescência quanto na idade adulta os níveis de ansiedade-estado e agressividade são significativamente menores para praticantes de atividades físicas sistemáticas, quando comparados a adolescentes e adultos sedentários.

This study compared the levels of anxiety and aggression of 80 adolescents and adults, physically active and sedentary. All participants were evaluated through the Anxiety Inventory and the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory, both developed by Spielberger and validated to Portuguese by Biaggio (1983,1995). The results of the statistical analysis points: (1) significant differences for the groups in the levels of anxiety and aggression, = 0,30, F (3, 70) = 55,15, p= 0,000; (2) a significant interaction between groups and age, = 0,81, F (3, 70)= 5,19, p= 0,003; (3) a non significant interaction between groups and gender, = 0,97, F (3, 70) = 0,54, p= 0,65. These results suggested that, for adolescents and adults the levels of anxiety and aggression were significantly lower for the groups that are enrolled in constant physical activities when compared with groups that are sedentary.