[Differences in the way parents and teachers identify the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Mexican children]. / Diferencias entre padres y maestros en la identificación de síntomas del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad en niños mexicanos.

INTRODUCTION: Parents and teachers have been considered as reliable sources to identify attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children, Conners scales have been useful for that purpose. AIM: To determine how parents and teachers attest ADHD behaviors in children, as well as to analyze if there are differences between them attending to school grade and/or genre. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 13 teachers (12 women and 1 man), that teach over the three first grades of elementary school and 139 mothers participated, their age ranged between 21 and 58 years old. All of them answered the Conners scales of 139 children; in an individual way with the mothers and in a grouped one with teachers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Research results indicate that teachers so as mothers attest ADHD behaviors more in boys than in girls, especially on those of second grade, they also pointed out in a significantly way the hyperactivity and inattention behaviors more than behavior disturbances. Discrepancies between mothers and teachers were observed in respect the school grade of children.

Diferencias entre padres y maestros en la identificación de síntomas del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad en niños mexicanos / Differences in the way parents and teachers identify the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in mexican children

Introducción. Los padres y profesores son fuentes fiables para la identificación de síntomas del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH), cuya información se obtiene de diferentes escalas, y la más conocida y estudiada es la de Conners. Objetivo. Estudiar la manera en que los profesores y los padres califican las conductas del TDAH, y establecer si los profesores o los padres califican más alto conductas del TDAH según el grado escolar y/o sexo del menor. Sujetos y métodos. La muestra se conformó por 13 profesores (12 mujeres y un hombre) que impartían clases en tres grados de primaria, cuya población era de 139 niños, además de 139 madres, con un intervalo de 21-58 años de edad. A los profesores se les entregó la escala y a los padres se les aplicó de manera grupal. Resultados y conclusiones. Tanto los profesores como las madres califican más alto a los niños, y en particular a los de segundo grado; asimismo, ambos califican más alto los factores de hiperactividad y desatención que al de trastorno de conducta. Las diferencias se observaron en la manera en que las dos fuentes califican según el grado escolar en que se encuentre el niño (AU)

Introduction. Parents and teachers have been considered as reliable sources to identify attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children, Conners scales have been useful for that purpose. Aim. To determine how parents and teachers attest ADHD behaviors in children, as well as to analyze if there are differences between them attending to school grade and/or genre. Subjects and methods. A total of 13 teachers (12 women and 1 man), that teach over the three first grades of elementary school and 139 mothers participated, their age ranged between 21 and 58 years old. All of them answered the Conners scales of 139 children; in an individual way with the mothers and in a grouped one with teachers. Results and conclusions. Research results indicate that teachers so as mothers attest ADHD behaviors more in boys than in girls, especially on those of second grade, they also pointed out in a significantly way the hyperactivity and inattention behaviors more than behavior disturbances. Discrepancies between mothers and teachers were observed in respect the school grade of children (AU)

Gingival fibroblasts "in vitro" and Down's syndrome.

Gingival fibroblast cultures from four patients with Down's Syndrome (DS) and periodontal disease were compared with four in vitro age-matched fibroblast cultures of handicapped subjects (ND) also affected by periodontitis. The extra copy of chromosome 21 could alter growth regulation and biochemical mechanisms, so we examined quantitatively some DS phenotypical aspects to detect possible differences from those of controls. The growth properties of gingival fibroblast cultures from DS patients were more elevated than their ND age-matched controls. There were no differences in plasma membrane polarization and in neutral endopeptidase activity. The succinate-cytochrome C reductase activity decreases in DS fibroblasts compared with ND. Our results outline the difficulties to in using fibroblast cultures as an in vitro system to study premature ageing Down's Syndrome.

Gingival fibroblasts "in vitro" and Down's Syndrome.

Gingival fibroblast cultures from four patients with Down's Syndrome (DS) and periodontal disease were compared with four in vitro age-matched fibroblast cultures of handicapped subjects (ND) also affected by periodontitis. The extra copy of cromosome 21 could alter growth regulation and biochemical mechanisms, so we examined quantitatively some DS phenotypical aspects to detect possible differences from those of controls. The growth properties of gingival fibroblast cultures from DS patients were more elevated than their ND age-matched controls. There were no differences in plasma membrane polarization and in neutral endopeptidase activity. The succinate-cytochrome C reductase activity decreases in DS fibroblasts compared with ND. Our results outline the difficulties to inusing fibroblast cultures as an in vitro system to study premature ageing Down's Syndrome.

Pharmacokinetics of flutoprazepam, a novel benzodiazepine drug, in normal subjects.

The single dose pharmacokinetics of flutoprazepam and its active N-desalkyl metabolite were determined in 8 normal subjects by using newly developed, highly sensitive, GC-MS and HPLC techniques. Following a 2 mg dose of the drug, the concentrations of unchanged flutoprazepam in serum were extremely low (below 5 ng/ml at 2 h) and declined rapidly to undetectable levels within 6-9 h after dosing. At all sampling times, the serum concentration of the N-dealkylated metabolite (N-desalkylflurazepam) was much greater than that of the parent compound. This metabolite appeared in serum rapidly (within 2 h), reached a peak between 2 and 12 h and declined slowly, with an elimination half-life of about 90 h on average. The serum concentration of two additional putative metabolites (3-hydroxy-flutoprazepam and N-desalkyl-3-hydroxy-flutoprazepam) was below the limit of detection (2 ng/ml) in all samples. Mild CNS effects (documented by prolonged choice reaction time) were present at 2 and 4 h but were no longer detectable at 9 h. It is suggested that unchanged flutoprazepam is unlikely to contribute significantly to clinical effects and that the drug exerts its therapeutic activity through conversion to the slowly eliminated N-desalkyl metabolite.

Ambroxol for the prevention of chronic bronchitis exacerbations: long-term multicenter trial. Protective effect of ambroxol against winter semester exacerbations: a double-blind study versus placebo.

In a 6-month, double-blind multicenter trial conducted over the winter, the effects of daily administration of ambroxol retard (75 mg) were compared with those of placebo in preventing exacerbations and improving symptoms and clinical signs in chronic bronchitis patients. The trial was completed by 110 patients in the ambroxol group and by 104 in the placebo group. Initially, there were no significant differences between the groups. By the end of the 2nd month of treatment, 67.2% of the ambroxol group had had no exacerbations compared to 50.4% in the placebo group. At the end of the 6-month trial, 45.5% of the treatment group had had no exacerbations, compared to only 14.4% of the control group. These differences were statistically significant. Patients in the treatment group lost significantly fewer days through illness (442) and had fewer days when they needed antibiotic therapy (371) compared to the placebo group patients (837 and 781). Ambroxol also produced statistically significant symptomatic improvement, measured as difficulty in expectoration, coughing, presence of dyspnea and the auscultatory signs as compared to controls. Since ambroxol was well tolerated and compliance was good, it appears like a drug of choice for pharmacological prophylaxis of chronic bronchitis.