RESUMO
Plantas medicinais são utilizadas mundialmente como uma das principais formas de cuidado primário de saúde. No entanto, a literatura indica que muitas espécies podem apresentar composição química variável, toxicidade ou difícil identificação. O objetivo do presente estudo foi obter critérios úteis para o controle de qualidade farmacognóstico das principais espécies vegetais de uso popular no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, utilizando metodologias de análise botânica (morfodiagnose macro e microscópica) e química (triagem fitoquímica e cromatografia em camada delgada), evitando assim adulterações ou uso inadequado dessas plantas medicinais no estado. No total, sete espécies foram analisadas Acmella oleracea, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Lippia alba, Mentha piperita, Ocimum gratissimum, Peumus boldus e Rosmarinus officinalis. Diversos marcadores botânicos e fitoquímicos foram identificados, contribuindo dessa forma para a correta identificação destas espécies de plantas medicinais importantes no estado do Rio Grande do Norte.
Medicinal plants are worldwide used as one of the main forms of primary healthcare. However, the literature indicates that many species may have variable chemical composition, toxicity, or even difficult identification. The aim of this study was to obtain useful criteria for pharmacognostic quality control of the main plant species of popular use in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, using methods of botanical (macro and microscopic morphodiagnosis) and chemical (phytochemical screening and thin-layer chromatography) analysis, thus preventing adulteration or inappropriate use of these medicinal plants in the state. In total, seven species were analyzed Acmella oleracea, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Lippia alba, Mentha piperita, Ocimum gratissimum, Peumus boldus and Rosmarinus officinalis. Several botanical and phytochemical markers were identified, thereby contributing to the correct identification of these important medicinal plant species in the state of Rio Grande do Norte.
Assuntos
Plantas Medicinais/metabolismo , Controle de Qualidade , Botânica/métodos , /métodos , Cromatografia em Camada Fina/métodosRESUMO
Low molecular weight and high molecular weight metal ion binders present in blood plasma are shortly described. The binding of vanadium and ruthenium complexes by these components has received much attention, namely their interactions with human serum albumin and transferrin, and these studies are critically reviewed. The influence of the protein binding on the bioavailability of the prospective drugs, namely on the transport by blood plasma and uptake by cells is also discussed. It is concluded that vanadium compounds are mainly transported in blood by transferrin, but that no study has properly addressed the influence of albumin and transferrin in the vanadium uptake by cells. Ruthenium complexes bind strongly to HSA, most likely at the level of His residues, leading to the formation of stable adducts. If the kinetics of binding to this protein is fast enough, probably they are mainly transported by this serum protein. Nevertheless, at least for a few Ru(III)-complexes, hTf seems to play an active role in the uptake of ruthenium, while HSA may provide selectivity and higher activity for the compounds due to an enhanced permeability effect.
Assuntos
Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Complexos de Coordenação/sangue , Compostos de Rutênio/sangue , Compostos de Vanádio/sangue , Transporte Biológico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Complexos de Coordenação/metabolismo , Complexos de Coordenação/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Peso Molecular , Ligação Proteica , Rutênio/sangue , Rutênio/química , Rutênio/metabolismo , Compostos de Rutênio/química , Compostos de Rutênio/metabolismo , Compostos de Rutênio/uso terapêutico , Radioisótopos de Rutênio/sangue , Radioisótopos de Rutênio/química , Radioisótopos de Rutênio/metabolismo , Radioisótopos de Rutênio/uso terapêutico , Albumina Sérica/metabolismo , Análise Espectral , Transferrina/metabolismo , Vanádio/sangue , Vanádio/química , Vanádio/metabolismo , Compostos de Vanádio/química , Compostos de Vanádio/metabolismo , Compostos de Vanádio/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The equilibria in the system VO2+ +oxidized glutathione in aqueous solution have been studied in the pH range 2-11 by a combination of pH potentiometry and spectroscopy (EPR, visible absorption and circular dichroism). The results of the various methods are self-consistent and the equilibrium model includes the species MLH4, MLH3, MLH2, MLH, ML, MLH(-1), MLH(-2) and several hydrolysis products (where H4L denotes oxidized glutathione); individual formation constants and spectra are given. Plausible structures for each stoichiometry are discussed.
Assuntos
Glutationa/química , Vanadatos/química , Dicroísmo Circular , Eletroquímica , Espectroscopia de Ressonância de Spin Eletrônica , Glutationa/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Ligantes , Estrutura Molecular , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The synthesis, structure and spectroscopic properties of complexes with the formula [V(IV)O(dsal)2(H2O)], where Hdsal = salicylaldehyde, o-vanillin and 3-ethoxysalicylaldehyde, are presented. The crystal and molecular structures of [V(IV)O(o-van)2(H2O)] (1) (o-Hvan = o-vanillin = 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde) is studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Each molecule exhibits an octahedral geometry with the two o-van ligands coordinated cis to the V(IV)O2+ group. 1 is the first example of a structurally characterized vanadium complex involving O(aldehyde) as the donor atom and this enables a comparison between the bonding characteristics and the contributions of O(aldehyde), O(amide), O(carboxylate) and O(ketone) (in acetylacetone) to the parallel hyperfine coupling constant in VOL2 complexes.
