Short and long effects of the COVID-19 context on oral health-related quality of life of adolescents.

AIM: To assess the immediate and late effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adolescents. DESIGN: This is a longitudinal study performed with adolescents (11-15 years old) from Southern Brazil who were evaluated before the COVID-19 outbreak, and 3 (T2) and 15 (T3) months after the beginning of the pandemic. OHRQoL was assessed using the CPQ11-14. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were also collected. Changes in OHRQoL before, 3 and 15 months after the start of the pandemic were analyzed through multilevel Poisson regression models for repeated measures. RESULTS: A total of 290 adolescents were evaluated at T1, 207 were re-evaluated at T2, and 204 at T3. Overall CPQ11-14 scores over follow-ups were 11.0 (SD 8.0) at T1, 8.3 (SD 7.8) and 12.8 (SD 8.8) at T3. Compared to T1, adolescents presented 29% lower overall CPQ11-14 scores (IRR 0.71 95% CI 0.66-0.75) at T2, and 11% higher scores at T3 (IRR 1.11 95% CI 1.05-1 0.17), especially for the emotional and social well-being domains. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pandemic impacted the adolescents' OHRQoL differently over time, indicating a reduction in impacts immediately after the beginning and worsening over long term exposure to this scenario.

Being a woman influences the development of temporomandibular disorder: cross-sectional study / Ser mulher influencia no desenvolvimento de disfunção temporomandibular: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although women seem to be more susceptible to pain, there are few studies comparing the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) diagnoses between women and men. Thus, this study aimed to verify the influence of gender on Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and their comorbidities in a Brazilian sample. METHODS: Patients were assessed using the RDC/TMD. Diagnoses were obtained for Axis I (myofascial pain, disc displacement, and other joint conditions) and Axis II (depressive symptoms, chronic pain, somatization, and limitation of mandibular function). Logistic regression models were used to verify whether there is a difference in the prevalence and odds of developing TMD between women and men. RESULTS: The sample included 310 patients. Women had more myofascial pain and were more likely to develop it (73.04%; OR: 1.91; IC 95%: 1.08 - 3.39), as well as more joint disorders (54.78%; OR: 2.07; IC 95%: 1.08 - 3.99), in comparison to men. Furthermore, women composed the majority of the sample, more often sought treatment, and had more severe levels of depressive symptoms, somatization of pain, limitation of mandibular function, and myofascial pain. CONCLUSION: Women have more TMD and are more likely to develop it, and also show more severe levels of depressive symptoms, pain somatization, limited mandibular function, and myofascial pain.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Embora as mulheres pareçam ser mais suscetíveis à dor, há poucos estudos comparando os diagnósticos obtidos por meio do Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) entre mulheres e homens. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência do sexo nas disfunções temporomandibulares (DTM) e suas comorbidades em uma amostra brasileira. MÉTODOS: Os pacientes foram avaliados por meio do RDC/ TMD. Os diagnósticos foram obtidos para o Eixo I (dor miofascial, deslocamento de disco e outras condições articulares) e Eixo II (sintomas de depressão, dor crônica, somatização e limitação da função mandibular). Modelos de regressão logística foram utilizados para verificar se existe diferença na prevalência e nas chances de desenvolver DTM entre mulheres e homens. RESULTADOS: A amostra incluiu 310 pacientes. As mulheres apresentaram mais dor miofascial e foram mais propensas a desenvolvê-la (73,04%; OR: 1,91; IC 95%: 1,08 - 3,39), bem como mais distúrbios articulares (54,78%; OR: 2,07; IC 95%: 1,08 - 3,99), em comparação aos homens. Ademais, as mulheres compuseram a maioria da amostra, procuraram tratamento com maior frequência e apresentaram níveis mais graves de sintomas de depressão, somatização da dor, limitação da função mandibular e dor miofascial. CONCLUSÃO: As mulheres apresentam mais DTM e são mais propensas a desenvolvê-la, bem como apresentam níveis mais graves de sintomas de depressão, somatização da dor, limitação da função mandibular e dor miofascial.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep bruxism among adolescents in Brazil: A longitudinal study.

AIM: To evaluate the immediate and late impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of possible sleep bruxism (SB) among adolescents in Brazil. DESIGN: This is a longitudinal study performed with adolescents (11-15 years old) from Southern Brazil. Baseline data were collected before the Brazilian COVID-19 outbreak (T1). Posteriorly, data were collected after 3 (T2) and 15 months under the Brazilian COVID-19 outbreak. The possible SB was evaluated by the question: 'Do you grind your teeth during your sleep?'. Sociodemographic, psychosocial and clinical variables were also collected. Changes in SB were evaluated by multilevel logistic regression models for repeated measures. RESULTS: Of the 290 adolescents assessed at T1, 182 were reassessed at both follow-ups. The prevalence of possible SB was 13% at T1, 11% at T2 and 22% at T3. There were no immediate effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of possible SB (T2). Adolescents had odds 2.77 times greater of presented possible SB after 15 months (T3) of COVID-19 pandemic scenarios when compared to T1. CONCLUSION: There was a considerable and late increase in the possible SB in adolescents in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Evaluation of the effects of metformin on antioxidant biomarkers and mineral levels in patients with type II diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and arterial hypertension are considered serious public health problems. Several studies have shown that oxidative stress is usually related to the onset of DM and hypertension, as well their associated complications. Moreover, the levels of some minerals are closely related to the pathophysiology of these diseases. Thus, in this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of metformin on the redox profile and mineral levels in the serum of patients with DM type 2 and hypertension. We also tested the effect of metformin on the viability and redox profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for 24 h. As expected, we found that patients with type 2 DM and hypertension + type 2 DM had higher fasting glucose and triglyceride levels. As groundbreaking research, we found that both patients DM type 2 and Hypertension + DM type 2 had reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. On the other hand, the levels of total thiols (PSH) and vitamin C were increased. There was no statistical significance for the alterations in mineral levels. In addition, metformin treatment had no cytotoxic effect on PBMCs. Similarly, in patients of both groups, MPO activity was reduced and PSH levels were increased in PBMCs. We have shown that metformin is a drug with a protective effect in patients with DM type 2 against oxidative stress by reducing MPO activity and improving the levels of PSH and antioxidant defenders such as vitamin C. The results of in vitro assays support the antioxidant effect of metformin. Furthermore, we suggest studies to assess the biochemical mechanisms of metformin and how it can be used in a pharmacological therapeutic perspective against oxidative damage.

Pathways to dental fear from childhood to adolescence: A 10-year cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Dental fear affects children's oral health; there is, however, no evidence regarding the pathways linking possible predictors for its occurrence. AIM: This study aimed at exploring the direct and indirect effects of sociodemographic, clinical, behavioural and psychosocial factors on the development of dental fear in schoolchildren over time. DESIGN: This is a prospective cohort study, with 10 years of follow-up. The first assessment started in 2010 (T1) with a sample of 639 children aged 1-5 years from Southern Brazil. For this study, the follow-up (T2) of these individuals was performed in 2020. Dental fear was assessed at T2 using the Brazilian version of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). Socio-economic, demographic, psychosocial and oral health measures were collected in both assessments. A structural equation model was performed to assess the direct and indirect pathways among variables at T1 and T2 to predict the CFSS-DS scores at T2. RESULTS: Of the 639 children, 429 were re-evaluated at T2. Higher levels of untreated dental caries, younger individuals, dental visits for nonroutine reasons and low sense of coherence at T2 directly impacted dental fear at T2. Considering the indirect effects, the presence of dental caries and low household income at T1 indirectly impacted higher levels of dental fear over 10 years via dental caries at follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that socio-economic, demographic, clinical, psychosocial and behavioural conditions can influence dental fear from childhood to adolescence.

Sense of coherence moderates the relationship between perceived racial discrimination and oral health-related quality of life in schoolchildren.

AIM: To evaluate the moderating effect of the sense of coherence (SOC) in the relationship between racial discrimination and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in schoolchildren. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort performed in southern Brazil. OHRQoL was assessed using the short version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ11-14). The perception of racial discrimination was measured using a question contained in the Bullying Questionnaire by Olweus, and SOC through the shortened version of the 13-item Sense of Coherence Scale. Sociodemographic and dental caries following the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) characteristics were also collected. A simple slop test and Poisson regression analysis were performed to test the interaction effects of the predictors on OHRQoL. RESULTS: A total of 429 schoolchildren were included in this study. About 6.7% reported had perceived racial discrimination. The simple slope test indicated that the negative effects of racial discrimination on OHRQoL were significant under different SOC levels. Among schoolchildren who suffered racial discrimination, those who had higher SOC reported lower impact on OHRQoL when compared to those with low SOC. CONCLUSION: SOC can be considered a moderating variable in the relationship between racial discrimination and OHRQoL. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: These findings highlight that psychosocial factors such as SOC could attenuate the impact of perceived discrimination on OHRQoL in adolescence.

TMD diagnosis: Sensitivity and specificity of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index.

OBJECTIVE: To verify whether the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) has adequate sensitivity and specificity to be used in the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). METHODS: Two hundred-sixty-five participants with symptoms of TMDs were assessed through the FAI and through the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) and then classified as sick or non-sick. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the FAI in relation to the RDC/TMD were calculated using the STATA 14.0 software. RESULTS: Most of the patients were female, white, without a steady job, and the average age was 37.57 years. The FAI showed high sensitivity (97.21%) but obtained a low specificity (26.00%). The positive and negative predictive values were 84.96% and 68.42%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The FAI is very sensitive in identifying patients who actually have TMD but not very specific in identifying non-TMD patients, being indicated only for initial screening of patients.

Sense of coherence moderates the relationship between social capital and oral health­related quality of life in schoolchildren: a 10-year cohort study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the moderating effect of sense of coherence (SOC) on the relationship between social capital and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among schoolchildren. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted in the city of Santa Maria, Brazil, involving children aged 1-5 years at baseline who were reassessed after 10 years in adolescence (11-15 years-old). Social capital was assessed at baseline and follow-up through social networks and social trust. Sense of coherence scale (SOC-13) and the short form of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ11-14) were measured at 10-years follow-up. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and dental caries were also evaluated. Moderating effect of SOC on the relationship between social capital and OHRQoL was tested using multilevel adjusted Poisson regression analysis and simple slope test. RESULTS: From the 639 subjects assessed at baseline, 429 were reassessed at follow-up (cohort retention rate 67.1%). Moderate and high levels of SOC demonstrated a moderating effect on the relationship between social capital and OHRQoL. Among individuals who presented low social capital at baseline and follow-up, those who had high SOC reported, respectively, an impact 63% and 70% lower on OHRQoL when compared to those with low SOC. The greatest margin effect was observed in individuals with low social capital and low SOC at follow-up (24.25; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that SOC moderates the negative impact of low social capital on poor OHRQoL in schoolchildren.

Social capital and oral health in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To systematically evaluate the association of individual and contextual social capital with oral health outcomes in children and adolescents. METHODS: Electronic searches were performed in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus databases for articles published from 1966 up to June 2021. Two calibrated reviewers screened and critically appraised the identified papers. Observational studies that evaluated the relationship of individual or/and contextual social capital or their proxies with oral health outcomes in children and adolescents using validated methods were included. Quality assessment was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were extracted for narrative synthesis and meta-analysis followed by a meta-regression model. Meta-analysis using random effects method was used to estimate pooled prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Of the 3060 studies initially retrieved, 31 were included in the systematic review and 21 in the meta-analysis, totalling 81 241 individuals. The clinical outcomes included dental caries and gingival bleeding and subjective outcomes were oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and self-rated oral health (SROH). Individuals with lower levels of individual social capital had a higher prevalence of poor clinical (PR 1.11; 95%CI 1.02-1.22) and subjective (PR 1.25; 95%CI 1.09-1.45) oral health conditions. The prevalence of worse clinical (PR 1.34; 95%CI 1.11-1.61) and subjective (PR 1.56; 95%CI 1.13-2.16) oral health outcomes were also associated with lower levels of contextual social capital. In general, the contextual level of social capital exerted more impact, and the subjective oral health outcomes were the more affected. CONCLUSIONS: Contextual and individual social capital were positively related to oral health outcomes, such as dental caries, gingival bleeding, SROH and OHRQoL in children and adolescents.

Rapid LLLT protocol for myofascial pain and mouth opening limitation treatment in the clinical practice: An RCT.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a rapid treatment protocol of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in patients with myofascial pain and mouth opening limitation. METHODS: Twenty patients were randomly allocated into the laser group (LG) (n = 10) and the placebo group (PG) (n = 10). Two LLLT sessions or placebo were performed. They were applied to the pain points upon palpation, with a 48-hr interval. Patients were evaluated for spontaneous pain sensitivity during mandibular movements and for oral health-related quality of life, which was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile for Temporomandibular Disorders (OHIP/TMD) questionnaire. RESULTS: Two patients from the placebo group were lost during the study. A significant increase in the maximum mouth opening (p = 0.04) and improvement in OHIP/TMD scores (p = 0.003) were observed in the LG after 30 days. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous pain was reduced in both groups with low-level laser therapy.

Impact of adopting different socioeconomic indicators in older adults' oral health research.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of choosing different socioeconomic status indicators in research regarding older adults' oral health. This is a cross-sectional study that analyzed baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study on Aging (ELSI-Brazil). The outcomes were edentulism (n = 9,073) and self-reported oral health (n = 9,365). The following socioeconomic indicators were assessed: individual income, per capita household income, and wealth index. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was performed to estimate prevalence ratios (PR), with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI), after adjusting for socioeconomic and oral health behavior variables. Absolute inequality measures were also estimated. The individual income indicator was not statistically associated with the results after adjustments. When using per capita household income indicator, individuals in the richest quintile showed a 12% lower prevalence of poor self-reported oral health [PR: 0.88 (CI: 0.78-0.98)], relative to the poorest, and there was no association with edentulism. When the wealth index was chosen, there was a 22% lower prevalence of edentulism [PR: 0.78 (CI: 0.64-0.94)] and 15% lower prevalence of self-reported poor oral health [PR: 0.85 (CI: 0.78-0.93)] in individuals of the richest quintile, both relative to the poorest quintile. Regarding absolute inequality measures, for edentulism, the wealth index showed the highest absolute inequality. When considering self-reported oral health, per capita household income showed the greatest absolute inequality. Despite scientific challenges and the difficulty of socioeconomic indicator metrics, further investments in its development are critical to measure, promote, and improve population oral health.

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on behavioural and psychosocial factors related to oral health in adolescents: A cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on behavioural and psychosocial aspects related to oral health is unknown. AIM: This study evaluated the psychosocial and behavioural changes related to oral health in adolescents immediately before and during the pandemic period of COVID-19, enabling a longitudinal assessment of the perceived changes. DESIGN: This cohort study evaluated 290 adolescents from November 2019 to February 2020 (T1-before the pandemic in Brazil) and from June to July 2020 (T2) in southern Brazil. Sociodemographic, behavioural, and psychosocial variables were measured before and during the pandemic. Issues related to social distancing and job loss were also collected. The differences between the variables in T1 and T2, as well as the effect of social distancing, were assessed using a multilevel-adjusted logistic regression model for repeated measures. RESULTS: A total of 207 adolescents were re-evaluated at T2 (a response rate of 71.3%). During the pandemic, the frequency of toothbrushing, the use of dental services, and the self-perceived need for dental treatment significantly decreased. Sugar consumption, bruxism, and quality of sleep did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: Behavioural and psychosocial factors showed significant changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents.

COVID-19 pandemic reduces the negative perception of oral health-related quality of life in adolescents.

PURPOSE: As people around the world are facing the Covid-19 outbreak, their perception of oral health problems could be changed. This study aimed to evaluate the immediate effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adolescents. METHODS: A cohort study with schoolchildren from southern Brazil was conducted. Data on adolescents' OHRQoL were collected from December 2019 to February 2020 (T1), before the Brazilian Covid-19 outbreak. Posteriorly, the data were collected again in June and July of 2020 (T2), under the Brazilian Covid-19 outbreak. The OHRQoL was assessed using the Brazilian short version of the CPQ11-14. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and the degree of social distancing were also assessed. Changes in OHRQoL between T1 and T2 were evaluated by adjusted Multilevel Poisson regression models for repeated measures. RESULTS: From 290 individuals evaluated at T1, 207 were reevaluated at T2 (response rate of 71.3%). The overall CPQ11-14 mean score was significantly lower during the pandemic, reducing from 10.8 at T1 to 7.7 at T2. This significant reduction was also observed for all CPQ domains, indicating a lower negative impact of oral conditions on adolescents' quality of life during the pandemic. Adolescents from families that had a middle or low degree of social distancing during the pandemic and whose parents were harmed in employment had higher CPQ11-14 scores. CONCLUSION: Overall and specific-domains CPQ-14 scores were significantly lower during the Brazilian Covid-19 outbreak, indicating a decrease in the perception of oral health problems by adolescents over that period.

Impact of adopting different socioeconomic indicators in older adults' oral health research

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of choosing different socioeconomic status indicators in research regarding older adults' oral health. This is a cross-sectional study that analyzed baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study on Aging (ELSI-Brazil). The outcomes were edentulism (n = 9,073) and self-reported oral health (n = 9,365). The following socioeconomic indicators were assessed: individual income, per capita household income, and wealth index. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was performed to estimate prevalence ratios (PR), with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI), after adjusting for socioeconomic and oral health behavior variables. Absolute inequality measures were also estimated. The individual income indicator was not statistically associated with the results after adjustments. When using per capita household income indicator, individuals in the richest quintile showed a 12% lower prevalence of poor self-reported oral health [PR: 0.88 (CI: 0.78-0.98)], relative to the poorest, and there was no association with edentulism. When the wealth index was chosen, there was a 22% lower prevalence of edentulism [PR: 0.78 (CI: 0.64-0.94)] and 15% lower prevalence of self-reported poor oral health [PR: 0.85 (CI: 0.78-0.93)] in individuals of the richest quintile, both relative to the poorest quintile. Regarding absolute inequality measures, for edentulism, the wealth index showed the highest absolute inequality. When considering self-reported oral health, per capita household income showed the greatest absolute inequality. Despite scientific challenges and the difficulty of socioeconomic indicator metrics, further investments in its development are critical to measure, promote, and improve population oral health.

Avaliação da rugosidade superficial de uma resina composta com uso de diferentes polidores / Evaluation of the surface roughness of a composite resin using different polishers

Introdução: A rugosidade superficial é definida pela superfície de um material restaurador após as etapas de acabamento e polimento, e é afetada pelas propriedades do compósito resinoso, bem como pelos instrumentos utilizados para a realização do polimento. Objetivos: Avaliar a rugosidade superficial de uma resina composta nano-híbrida polida com diferentes sistemas de polimento por Microscopia de Força Atômica (MFA) e análise dos polidores por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Materiais e métodos: Os fatores em estudo são os sistemas de polimento em três níveis: Enhance (Dentsply), Ultra-Gloss (American Burrs) e Dura-Gloss (American Burrs). As unidades experimentais são formadas por 30 corpos de prova em resina composta convencional nano-híbrida, divididos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos (n=10). O Grupo G1 recebeu tratamento com o sistema de polimento de uma única etapa: Dura-Gloss; o Grupo G2, sistema de polimento de múltiplas etapas: Ultra-Gloss; e o Grupo G3 recebeu o tratamento com o sistema de polimento de uma única etapa: Enhance. A variável de resposta quantitativa se dá pela rugosidade superficial avaliada pela Microscopia de Força Atômica (MFA). Resultados: Os resultados obtidos demonstram que os sistemas de polidores Dura-Gloss e Ultra-Gloss apresentaram rugosidade superficial similar entre si (p=0,201) e diferiram estatisticamente do sistema Enhance (p=0,023, Ultra-Gloss e p=0,000, DuraGloss), o qual apresentou maior rugosidade superficial para a resina composta nano-híbrida. Conclusão: Os polidores Dura-Gloss e Ultra-Gloss tem maior capacidade de polimento da resina composta nano-hibrida(AU)

Introduction: The surface roughness is defined by the surface of a restorative material after the finishing and polishing steps, and is affected by the properties of the resinous composite as well as by the instruments used to perform the polishing. Objectives: To evaluate the surface roughness of a polished nano-hybrid composite resin with different polishing systems by atomic force microscopy (MFA) and polishing analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: the factors under study are polishing systems at three levels: Enhance (Dentsply), Ultra-Gloss (American Burrs) and Dura-Gloss (American Burrs). The experimental units are composed of 30 specimens in conventional nano-hybrid composite resin, divided randomly into 3 groups (n = 10). The G1 Group received treatment with the single-stage polishing system: Dura-Gloss, Group G2, multi-step polishing system: UltraGloss and Group G3 was treated with the single-stage polishing system: Enhance. The quantitative response variable is given by the surface roughness evaluated by atomic force microscopy (MFA). Results: the results showed that the systems of Dura-Gloss and UltraGloss polishers presented similar surface roughness (p = 0.201) and differed statistically from the Enhance system (p = 0.023, Ultra-Gloss and p = 0.000, Dura- Gloss), which presented higher surface roughness for the nano-hybrid composite resin. Conclusion: Dura-Gloss and Ultra-Gloss polishers have a higher polishing capacity of nano-hybrid composite resin(AU)

Influence of socioeconomic inequalities on levels of dental caries in adolescents: A cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic factors at both contextual and individual levels influence health. AIM: Evaluate the influence of socioeconomic inequalities on the incidence of dental caries in adolescents. DESIGN: This cohort study was conducted with a multistage random sample of 1134 12-year-old adolescents from Southern Brazil. The experience of dental caries was assessed according to the decayed, missed, or filled surfaces (DMF-S) index. The Basic Education Development Index (IDEB) was collected during baseline as a school-level variable. Individual variables included demographic, socioeconomic, behavior-related, and oral health measures. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis through a hierarchical approach was used to explore the influence of exploratory variables on the mean of decayed surfaces. RESULTS: 770 14-year-old adolescents were reevaluated (follow-up rate of 68%) after 2 years. Examiner's Kappa values for the assessment of dental caries ranged from 0.81 to 0.90. Adolescents with low household income and lower school's IDEB had higher mean of decayed surfaces. Non-white adolescents, lower frequency of dental attendance, parents' poor perception of child's oral health, and dental plaque were also associated with the incidence of dental caries. CONCLUSION: Adolescents from a lower socioeconomic background and poor school context had higher levels of dental caries over time.

Effect of environmental and socioeconomic factors on the use of dental floss among children: a hierarchical approach.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of environmental and socioeconomic characteristics with the use of dental floss in preschool children. This cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 402 preschool children aged 1-5 years, from Santa Cruz do Sul, a Southern city in Brazil. Mothers answered questions about environmental, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics. Behavior variables as use of dental floss (study outcome) and dental attendance were also evaluated. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance through a hierarchical approach was used to investigate the association of explanatory variables for use of dental floss. Prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. The mean sample age was 3.32 years (standard deviation [SD] 1.10). Of the included children, 291 (73.12%) did not use dental floss. The environmental model indicated that children who attended daycare (PR 2.53; 95%CI 1.39-4.60) and those whose parents were members of volunteer networks (RP 1.58; 95%CI 1.02-2.46) were more likely to use dental floss. Children from families with higher income (PR 1.55; 95%CI 1.07-2.24) and maternal schooling (PR 2.21; 95%CI 1.31-3.74) presented a higher prevalence of dental floss use. Older children and those who attended dental services were also related to higher dental floss use. Our findings suggest that children who live in a supporting environment and those with a higher socioeconomic status are more likely to use dental floss.

Resistência da união de restaurações confeccionadas com sistemas adesivos universais em dentes acometidos por erosão ácida / Bond strength of restorations made using universal adhesive systems in teeth subjected to acid erosion

Objetivos: Avaliar a resistência adesiva de diferentes sistemas adesivos universais em esmalte e dentina erodidos. Métodos: As unidades experimentais foram compostas por 30 fragmentos de esmalte bovino e 30 fragmentos de dentina bovina divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais de acordo com os sistemas adesivos universais utilizados (n = 10): Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE), Peak Universal (Ultradent) e Ambar Universal (FGM). Previamente as restaurações, os fragmentos de esmalte e dentina foram submetidos à desafio erosivo em ácido cítrico a 0,3% (pH = 2,6) durante cinco minutos, quatro vezes por dia por cinco dias. Um cilindro de resina composta (Forma, Ultradent) com 2mm de diâmetro foi construído em cima de cada fragmento. A resistência ao cisalhamento foi avaliada em máquina de ensaio universal (1mm/min). Os valores obtidos de resistência da união (MPa) foram analisados por ANOVA dois fatores e teste de Bonferroni (α=0,05). Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa entre os sistemas adesivos testados no mesmo substrato. O esmalte apresentou maiores valores de resistência da união que a dentina. Houve predomínio da falha coesiva em resina no esmalte e falha adesiva na dentina. Conclusão: Os sistemas adesivos universais testados apresentaram resistência adesiva semelhantes entre si dentro do mesmo substrato erodido(AU)

Objectives: To evaluate the strength of different universal adhesive systems in enamel and eroded dentine. Materials and Methods: The experimental units were composed of 30 bovine enamel fragments and 30 bovine dentin fragments randomly divided into three experimental groups of enamel and three groups of dentin. The enamel and dentin samples were submitted to erosive challenge and procedures adhesion with adhesive systems divided into three levels according with universal adhesive systems used (n = 10): Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE), Peak Universal (Ultradent) and Ambar Universal (FGM). Previous the restorations, the enamel and dentin fragments were submitted to erosive challenge in 0.3% citric acid (pH = 2.6) for five minutes, four times per day in five days. A composite resin (Forma, Ultradent) cylinder with 2mm diameter was build-up in each fragment. The shear strength was evaluated in a universal test machine (1mm / min). The obtained values of bond strength (MPa) were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test (α = 0.05). Results: There was no significant difference between adhesive systems tested on the same substrate. The enamel presented higher values of bond strength than dentin. There was a predominance of cohesive failure in resin in enamel and adhesive failure in dentin. Conclusions: The universal adhesive systems tested showed similar adhesive strength in the same eroded substrate(AU)

Comparação da resistência de união ao cisalhamento de dois diferentes sistemas adesivos: estudo in vitro / Comparison of shear bond strength of two different adhesive systems: an in vitro study

Objetivos: O presente estudo buscou avaliar a resistência de união ao cisalhamento de dois sistemas adesivos aplicados em diferentes quantidades de camadas em amostras de esmalte e dentina bovina. Métodos: Os fatores estudados foram os sistemas adesivos em dois níveis: Single Bond Universal e Single Bond 2. As amostras experimentais foram compostas por 30 fragmentos de esmalte bovino (n=5) e 30 fragmentos de dentina bovina (n=5) divididos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos experimentais de esmalte e dois grupos de dentina, sendo esses subdivididos em 3 modos de aplicação do sistema adesivo em 1, 2 ou 3 camadas. Resultados: Os adesivos Single Bond 2 e Single Bond Universal, quando aplicados em 1 ou 3 camadas em dentina ou esmalte apresentaram similaridade estatística (p= 0,8726). Já quando comparamos o sistema adesivo Single Bond 2 e Single Bond Universal em substrato dentinário a aplicação de 2 camadas do sistema adesivo implicam em aumento da resistência adesiva estatisticamente significante (p=0,000) para o grupo Single Bond Universal aplicado em dentina. Conclusão: O adesivo Single Bond Universal apresentou melhor resistência adesiva que o adesivo Single Bond 2 quando aplicados em duas camadas em substrato dentina. Para o substrato esmalte, ambos os sistemas adesivos são efetivos independente do número de camadas aplicadas(AU)

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength of two adhesive systems applied in different amounts of enamel and bovine dentin layers. Methods: The factors studied were adhesive systems at two levels: Single Bond Universal and Single Bond 2. The experimental samples were composed of 30 bovine enamel fragments (n = 5) and 30 bovine dentin fragments (n = 5) randomly divided into two experimental groups of enamel and two groups of dentin, subdivided into 3 different application modes adhesive system in 1, 2 or 3 layers. Results: The Single Bond 2 and Universal Bond adhesives, when applied in one or three layers in to the dentin or enamel, presented statistical similarity (p=0.8726). When comparing the Single Bond 2 and Single Bond Universal adhesive system in the dentin substrate, the application of two layers of the adhesive system implies an increase in the statistically significant adhesive resistance (p=0,000) for the Universal Single Bond group applied to dentin. Conclusion: The Single Bond Universal adhesive presented a higher adhesive strength than Single Bond 2 adhesive when applied in two layers on dentin substrate. For the enamel substrate, both adhesive systems are effective regardless of the number of layers applied

The Association between Sense of Coherence and Dental Caries in Low Social Status Schoolchildren.

The relationship between dental caries and sense of coherence (SOC) has not been substantiated in children and adolescents, particularly among those with a low socioeconomic status. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SOC and dental caries in schoolchildren from a low socioeconomic background. A random sample of 356 8- to 14-year-old schoolchildren enrolled in public schools from the poorest region of Santa Maria, a southern city in Brazil, was selected. Dental examinations were performed to assess dental plaque and dental caries (DMF-S and dmf-s indexes). The children's SOC was assessed using a validated Brazilian version of the SOC-13 scale. Socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral data were collected from parents using a questionnaire. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis was used following a hierarchical approach to investigate the association between the SOC and DMF-T + dmf-t mean. Children whose mothers had studied for 8 years or less (RR 1.30; 95% CI 1.08-1.57) and children with dental plaque (RR 1.29; 95% CI 1.06-1.58) presented with higher DMF-T scores than their counterparts (p < 0.05). A higher household income (RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.51-0.84) and greater SOC scores (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.56-0.90) were associated with lower DMF-T in children (p < 0.05). Children's SOC seems to be a relevant protective psychosocial factor for dental caries experience in socially vulnerable children.