Field Effect and Strongly Localized Carriers in the Metal-Insulator Transition Material VO(2).

The intrinsic field effect, the change in surface conductance with an applied transverse electric field, of prototypal strongly correlated VO(2) has remained elusive. Here we report its measurement enabled by epitaxial VO(2) and atomic layer deposited high-κ dielectrics. Oxygen migration, joule heating, and the linked field-induced phase transition are precluded. The field effect can be understood in terms of field-induced carriers with densities up to ∼5×10(13) cm(-2) which are trongly localized, as shown by their low, thermally activated mobility (∼1×10(-3) cm(2)/V s at 300 K). These carriers show behavior consistent with that of Holstein polarons and strongly impact the (opto)electronics of VO(2).

Different aspects of virus persistence (review).

The article reviews different aspects of virus persistence in human organism. Persistence is a capability acquired and strengthened in the process of evolution of many viruses that is the means of maintenance of species. Viruses of measles, poliomyelitis, mite-like encephalitis, B and C hepatitis, herpes, retro and HIV viruses persist in human organism. Persistence is used by various viruses at various levels; they have different adaptive power and no different pathologic output. But in any case, the necessary condition is that virus should escape from elimination reactions of immune control system. At the same time, the important thing is not to save free virus but to save infected cell. While discussing long-term viral persistence, it is impossible to mark off distinctly the importance of biological participation of macroorganism and provoker in this process. The output of the relationship with infect cell is conditioned on the one hand by permissiveness of cell system, on the other hand by strain pathogen city. The details of attenuation mechanisms of microorganism's different reactions in cases of illness with the same strain are not known well yet. Although, it is clear that in chronic persistence the leading role still has immune system disbalance. In disbalance genesis of immunological equilibration virus-induced changes of immunocompetent cells are high.

mGluR1 interacts with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and modulates the secretion of IL-10 in cystic fibrosis peripheral lymphocytes.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by the mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel. CFTR dysfunction in T cells could lead directly to aberrant immune responses. The action of glutamate on the secretion of IL-8 and IL-10 by lymphocytes derived from healthy subjects and cystic CF patients, as well as the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 (mGluR1) in the membrane fractions of lymphocytes was investigated. Our results have shown that CF-derived T-cells in the presence of IL-2 produce more IL-8 and IL-10, than T-cell from healthy control. However, only in normal lymphocytes a significant increase (144%) in the IL-10 secretion during exposure to high concentration of glutamate (10(-4)M) was detected. Glutamate-dependent secretion of IL-10 was not inhibited either by NMDA-receptor (NMDAR), or by AMPA-receptor (AMPAR) antagonist. Only mGluR1 antagonist, LY367385, strongly decreases the production of IL-10. Furthermore, the content of mGluR1, as well as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-associated ligand (CAL), Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF-1), was analyzed in plasma membrane of lymphocytes after immunoprecipitation of CFTR. We have found that normal, non-mutated CFTR, as well as mutated forms of CFTR were associated with metabotropic mGluR1, but the level of surface exposed mGluR1 in CF-lymphocytes was much lower than in normal cells. Besides, our results have shown that normal, non-mutated CFTR, as well as mutated forms of CFTR were associated with NHERF-1 and CAL; however in lymphocytes with CFTR mutation the amount of cell-surface expressed CFTR-CAL complex was greatly decreased. We have concluded that CFTR and mGluR1 could compete for binding to CAL, which in turn downregulates the post-synthetic trafficking of mGluR1 and decreases the synthesis of IL-10.

[Clinical value of changes in red blood cell ultrastructure and energy metabolism in children with cystic fibrosis].

In 42 patients of various age (from 1 month to 14 years) with cystic fibrosis were analyzed ultra structure, level of adenylnucleotides and activity ATP-ase of erythrocytes, in order to characterize their membrane and energy metabolism. The studies revealed the changes in erythrocytes in the cases of cystic fibrosis. In the cases of broncho pulmonary form of cystic fibrosis were detected I and II row echinocytes, cone-shaped erythrocytes, also erythrocytes with reach-through hole in center. At mixed form of cystic fibrosis were detected more changes in erythrocytes than in other forms of this disease. Both cone-shaped erythrocytes were more than in other forms of cystic fibrosis. Also there were detected erythrocytes with holes (round, polygonal) in their center. The results of the study provide a more precise diagnosis, in time correction of disorders and a comprehensive assessment of multiple-modality treatment of cystic fibrosis.

Some opinions about matter and material substances: from inanimate system -- to living according to A. Einstein general theory of relativity.

During transformation from inanimate to living, change of the space position of the matter causes the change of the field, as the space does not exist without the field, therefore the time-space as the properties of material substances, should undergo certain changes. The outside inanimate system, in this case a matrix, has its own time. The living system, in this case a cell, where the matter undergoes space conformation with the change of field and space-time, has its own time and it has begun to flow more rapidly than in matrix. From the surface of the body, from different energetic reservoirs oppositely charged matter substances following from special transport systems from the life system transmitted into lifeless one and change their matter space conformation, create transmission gradient that is the gradient border of time from lifeless system into live. In the case of a human, hypothetically, the gradient system of time must be of a complex scheme counting the inter-transformation and interaction gradients of outer and inner abdominal systems. Subconscious and consciousness by means of special links and messages, information selection interact and form unique connection between the systems. Subconscious serves for accelerated time system. Conscious by means of permanent contact with the environment collects and reacts in matrix time system By interconnection of these two systems ideal adaptation with the environment takes place. Time difference gradient system is an additional energy factor, by means of which respective ordered geometrical structures special for the given types are formed. The living organism is an inter-regulated interconnection global system resulting from the changes of matter and material substances space configuration.

[Immunomorphological characteristics of vesicular stomatitis].

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunomorphological characteristics of vesicular stomatitis. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 15 patients with mild stomatitis, 14 patients with moderate stomatitis, 11 patients with severe stomatitis. The cytological smears were stained by Papanicolaou method. We have evaluated indexes of maturation (MI), keratinisation (KI), destruction (DI) and inflammation-destruction (IDI). The immunocytochemistry was used to evaluate the local immune responses. Anti-CD20 (pan-B marker), Anti-CD3 (pan-T marker), CD4 (marker of T helper), CD8 (marker of T cytotoxic lymphocytes) monoclonal antibodies were used (LSAB, DAB). The comparative analysis of cytological indexes in acute and remission phases of chronic recurrent ulcerative stomatitis showed that DI and IDI decreased in remission phase compared with acute phase, but did not return to norm. It seems that inflammation persists in remission phase despite the absence of symptomatic vesicular lesion. Therefore, the evaluation of clinical efficacy of treatment requires assessing cytological indexes. In various types of vesicular stomatitis the dynamic quantitative changes of immunocompetent cells in acute and remission phases show the increased number of CD8+ T lymphocytes indicating a potential viral etiology and a persistent immunopathological reaction mediated by T cells. The presented data can be taken into account during the treatment planning and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.

Application of atomic scale STEM techniques to the study of interfaces and defects in materials.

Incoherent imaging and analysis techniques in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) provide the potential to map changes in structure, composition and bonding that occur at materials interfaces and defects on the fundamental atomic scale. Such comprehensive characterization capabilities permit a detailed analysis of the structure-property relationships of interfaces and defects to be performed. In this paper, we discuss the resolution limits of such techniques in the JEOL 2010F STEM/TEM operating both under standard conditions and at elevated temperatures. Examples of the use of such techniques to quantify the atomic scale defect chemistry at interfaces and defects in perovskite oxides, the growth and structure of II-VI and III-V quantum dots and the electronic structure of threading dislocations in GaN will also be presented.