Transitional Metaplasia of Renal Collecting Ducts in Vesicoureteral Reflux and Chronic Pyelonephritis: An Immunohistochemical Study of a Case and Review of the Literature.

The capability of the urinary tract to undergo metaplastic changes such as squamous, intestinal, glandular, mucinous, or ciliated epithelium in renal pelvis has been previously reported, which hypothetically is due to the mechanical irritation of the transitional epithelium. However, transitional metaplasia is a rare presentation in the collecting ducts. The aim of this paper was to report this type of extremely rare metaplasia and to inform pathologists that they may encounter this kind of metaplasia. A 25-year-old man, a known case of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), referred to the Imam Reza Hospital; affiliated to the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, for bilateral nephrectomy. Gross evaluation of bilateral nephrectomy specimens showed atrophic kidneys and dilated pelvicalyceal systems. The light microscopic evaluation showed transitional metaplasia in the background of chronic pyelonephritis, confirmed by GATA3 nuclear immunohistochemical stain. In this study, we presented a rare case of a renal collecting duct with transitional epithelial lining replacing the normal epithelium as a metaplastic change, with the hypothesis that previous medical history including VUR, or hemodialysis could be the trigger for the metaplastic change, which should be confirmed by further studies.

Administration of Silver Nanoparticles in Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Animal Studies.

Biological features of silver nanoparticles in rising the insulin level of diabetic animal models were considered in recent years, which resulted in decreasing hyperglycemia condition. We reviewed the published literature to investigate the possible role of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) throughout the treatment of diabetes mellitus in animal studies. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we performed a search throughout the English literature of electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and ISI Web of Science, up to the date of May 22, 2020. Primary outcomes and data regarding fast blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, and liver enzyme were collected from the available articles, while the studies that did not provide sufficient information on the effects of silver nanoparticles through the course of diabetes mellitus were excluded. Our search yielded 1283 results that included five animal studies in the meta-analysis. The comparison between the plasma insulin level of the diabetic group treated by Ag-NPs with the diabetic control group displayed no significant differences with the P values = 0.299. In addition, significant differences were revealed by comparing the FBS level of the diabetic group treated by Ag-NPs with the diabetic control group (P value < 0.001). According to the present meta-analysis, the application of Ag-NPs in animal models resulted in displaying the anti-diabetic effects, which can be applied in future treatments. Furthermore, a correlation was noticed between these nanoparticles and the reduction of serum FBS among diabetic cases.

PCR-Based Diagnosis of Leishmania Species in Chronic Granulomatous Dermatitis in Mashhad, Iran.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a chronic granulomatous dermatitis (CGD). Approximately, 90% of CL patients are from seven countries including Iran. We explain polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic technique for chronic granulomatosis dermatoses including CL in Mashhad, Iran. Methods: This study enrolled 64 patients within 2009-2013 with chronic granulomatosis dermatitis referred to dermatology and pathology departments of Imam Reza Hospital, affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran. We gathered demographic data from archived folders. Histological light microscopic evaluation and parasitological tests were done on selected specimens. We used PCR diagnostic test on specimens. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 15. Results: Generally, 7 out of 64 specimens had Leishmania DNA and other samples had no Leishmania DNA. The mean age of patients was 46 ± 18.77 years; disease duration was 7 ± 6.73 months ranging from 1-24 months. Most of the lesions were located on face and upper limb. Totally, 5 out of 7 samples were Leishmania major and 2 out of 7 samples were L. tropica. Tuberculoid granuloma was present in L. tropica samples and 3 of L. major samples. Other light microscopic changes were as follow: 42 suppurative granuloma, and epidermal changes including atrophy, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, and parakeratosis with dermal changes including, plasma cell, involvement of papillary and reticular dermis, and distribution of granuloma to hypodermis. Conclusion: Our results addressed PCR-based diagnosis of chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis, which is resulted from L. major and L. tropica.

Corrigendum to "Data on insulin therapy refusal among type II diabetes mellitus patients in Mashhad, Iran" [Data in Brief 18 (2018) 2047-2050].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.04.136.].

Association between carotid intima-media thickness and ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Early detection of atherosclerosis is an essential means of decreasing cardiovascular events and its associated mortality. Systemic inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis (UC), are thought to be a contributing factor to atherosclerosis due to the rise of inflammatory cytokines. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association between atherosclerosis and UC. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in February 2017 with no date restrictions. PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase were searched to discover all available observational studies on atherosclerosis among UC patients. The STROBE criteria were used to assess the quality of the included articles. Heterogeneity was assessed by the I-square statistic and publication bias with funnel plot and Egger's regression test. Overall summary mean difference was calculated as study effect size using random effect model. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software version 2.2 was used to perform analyses. RESULTS: A total of 5 articles met our eligibility criteria. We included a sum of 206 UC patients and 229 non-UC individuals in our review with a mean difference of c-IMT ranged from 0.03±0.0 to 0.16±0.03 mm, and a pooled mean difference of 0.127 mm (95% CI 0.058-0.195: I2 =90.266%). Potential publication bias did not exist for the UC. CONCLUSION: Our findings showed significant differences in carotid intima-media thickness among UC and Non-UC groups, making c-IMT a viable choice as a predicting marker for atherosclerosis. Thus, we suggest that policy makers assess and consider its application in future protocols for the follow up and management of UC patients.

Data on insulin therapy refusal among type II diabetes mellitus patients in Mashhad, Iran.

Insulin has been considered as a therapy option of last resort in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management. Delay in insulin therapy is common in these patients. This study collected the data on the factors associated with insulin refusal in poorly controlled T2DM patients prior to insulin therapy. The data collected from two endocrinology outpatient clinics affiliated by Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Iran (IAUM) from January 2016 to September 2017. Study population was adults with non-insulin-using type 2 diabetes mellitus who refused insulin therapy. A 17-items researcher made questionnaire was used to obtain demographic data and information toward causes of insulin refusal. Data were analyzed using SPPS V.16 with descriptive and analytical tests such as multiple logistic regressions. The data of 110 patients with T2DM was recorded in this study. The most prevalent cause of insulin therapy refusal was reported to be painful insulin injection (78.2%) followed by this item "I'm afraid of injecting myself with a needle" (74.5%). Regression analysis revealed that education level had a significant association with the item of "Injecting insulin is painful" (P=0.033, OR=0.357). Also age (P=0.025, OR=1.076) and disease duration (P=0.024, OR=0.231) were significantly associated with the question "taking insulin makes life less flexible". Several causes have been found regarding misconceptions about insulin therapy in T2DM patients. Specialized educational interventions are recommended for initiating successful insulin therapy in these patients.