Optimizing Surgical Management for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Eyes with Active Retinoblastoma: A Safety-Driven Approach.

Introduction: Intraocular surgeries are conventionally contraindicated for patients with active retinoblastoma (Rb) due to the potential risk of tumor dissemination. However, surgery is occasionally necessary to preserve vision in patients with a single eye when the eye is complicated by rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Objective: This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of surgical repair for RRD in pediatric patients with active Rb utilizing a non-drainage scleral buckling approach. Results: This cohort included six eyes from six patients who harbored active Rb and presented with RRD; one had a concurrent tractional component. All eyes (100%) had active intraocular Rb and were undergoing active therapy (systemic chemotherapy, cryotherapy, and thermal laser therapy) when RRD developed. RRD consistently manifested at the site of recent cryotherapy in all cases. RRD repair in the affected eyes was performed by scleral buckling without subretinal fluid drainage. Five of the six eyes (83%) achieved complete retinal reattachment. One eye (17%) with a tractional component exhibited partial reattachment and was eventually enucleated due to persistent active disease. At a median follow-up of 15 months (range 12-180 months) after scleral buckling, all five eyes had persistent retinal attachment, and no case developed orbital or distant metastasis. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that nondrainage scleral buckling is an effective and safe method for the surgical repair of RRD in eyes harboring active Rb, as most cases achieved persistent complete retinal reattachment without the risk of tumor spread.

Analysis of Choriocapillaris Reperfusion Topography following Faricimab Treatment for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Non-Treatment-Naïve Patients.

To assess changes in choriocapillaris (CC) vascular density surrounding macular neovascularization (MNV) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) when transitioning from various anti-VEGF treatments to faricimab, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). 25 eyes of 22 individuals who underwent intravitreal faricimab injections for neovascular AMD with type 1 MNV were included. OCTA images were obtained prior to (T0), after one (T1), and after three faricimab injections (T2); Noteworthy changes occurred in the first ring at T2 in comparison to T0. The percentage of CC flow deficit (FD%), FD average area (FDa), and FD number (FDn) in 5 rings (R1-R5) surrounding the dark halo around the MNV were calculated. A reduction in FD% at T2 compared to T0 (50.5 ± 10.2% at T0, 46.4 ± 10.6% at T2; p = 0.020) was seen, indicating CC reperfusion. Additionally, we observed a reduction in the average FDa (140.2 ± 172.1% at T0, 93.7 ± 101.8% at T2; p = 0.029). Our study highlights an FD% after three consecutive faricimab injections. The most pronounced effect was observed in the first ring, directly adjacent to the dark halo, suggesting a partial CC reperfusion surrounding the MNV, potentially indicating disease regression.

Imaging Assessment of Peripapillary Vessel Diameters in Postmortem Eyes.

PURPOSE: Proof of concept of ex vivo retinal vessel diameter measurements in human postmortem eyes. METHODS: En face near-infrared (IR) images and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the optic nerve head (ONH) were captured ex vivo with a Heidelberg Engineering Spectralis (Spectralis, version 7.0.4, Image Capture Module, version 1.2.4, Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany) device, using a custom-made eye chamber holding and positioning the eyes during the image process. Thirty-two formaldehyde-fixated eyes of 16 patients were imaged. In the IR images, two independent graders measured retinal vessel diameters at the intersection of a drawn circle centered on the ONH with diameters of 2.0 mm and 3.4 mm, respectively. The anatomically corresponding measurements between both graders were statistically analyzed using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: A total of 246 matched measurements of both graders were analyzed across all 32 imaged eyes. Statistically significant differences between the graders were found for arterioles at 2 mm from the ONH. The other measurements did not show statistically significant intergrader differences. The mean values for arteriole diameters were 72.2 µm at 2.0 mm and 61.5 µm at 3.4 mm for grader 1, and 66.4 µm at 2.0 mm and 63.2 µm at 3.4 mm for grader 2. The mean diameter for venules were 75.5 µm at 2.0 mm and 79.3 µm at 3.4 mm for grader 1, and 67.4 µm at 2 mm and 79.1 µm at 3.4 mm for grader 2. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to present IR image-based retinal vessel diameters in ex vivo postmortem eyes. Retinal IR/OCT imaging is possible, and measurements are reproducible in formaldehyde-fixated human eyes. Fixation artefacts result in lower image quality, and this can impose challenges in correctly detecting, classifying, and measuring retinal vessels.

Anatomical and Functional Impacts of Congenital Bilateral Visual Deprivation on the Visual Pathway-A Comprehensive Review.

Neuroplasticity is a complex process that is heightened during time-sensitive periods of pre- and postnatal brain development. It continues, albeit to a lesser extent, throughout adolescence and young adulthood. Congenital visual deprivation is well-known and explored in human-model behavioral research. In this study, we review existing research on neuroadaptations and neuroplasticity of the visual pathway as a result of inherited retinal diseases (IRD), focusing on data concerning congenital bilateral visual deprivation in humans published in PubMed in the past 5 years, including 18 articles. We highlight evidence about the anatomical and behavioral aspects of neuroplasticity as different brain responses to different types of visual deprivation. We also focus on various very interesting aspects of the cross-modal functional reorganization of the visual and auditory cortex as an example of brain plasticity due to combined visual and auditory loss. Our study shows that central nervous system magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) advancements have allowed researchers to report previously elusive anatomical evidence. Patients with a known mechanism of IRD-examined with high magnetic field MRI and functional MRI-have been proven to be adequate models to explore neuroadaptations of the visual pathway due to bilateral, early, and late visual deprivation.

Noninvasive Ocular Surface Workup in Patients with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Using Microwave-Heated Eye Bag.

Purpose: To report the outcomes of a novel microwave heating device (Blepha EyeBag®) used serially for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Patients and Methods: This prospective single center study was conducted at University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro. Patients were instructed to apply the compress twice daily for 15 days and once per day every two days, as reported in the package insert. Outcome measures were i) ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score, ii) tear meniscus height (TMH), iii) non-invasive keratograph break-up time (NIKBUT) (first and average), iv) meiboscore, v) bulbar redness. Evaluations were performed at baseline (T0) after 15 days (T1) and after 45 days of therapy (T2). Results: Overall, 19 patients with MGD (8 males, 11 females; mean age 64.58 ± 9.72 years) were included. The mean value of OSDI score showed a significant decrease from 28.16 ± 17.46 at T0 to 13.69 ± 7.62 at T2 (p=0.008). The mean value of NIKBUT first significantly increased from 6.67 ± 3.51 seconds (s) at T0 to 10.46 ± 4.64 at T2 (p=0.0121); in parallel, the mean value of NIKBUT average increased significantly from 11.09 ± 4.15 s at T0 to 14.95 ± 4.85 at T2 (p=0.0049). No significant differences were detected at each time point for bulbar redness, meiboscore and TMH. Throughout the entire study, no adverse events were recorded. Conclusion: The microwave-heated eye bag treatment is both safe and effective for treatment of MGD, being able to significantly ameliorate both patient-reported symptoms and tear film stability.

Visual outcomes and patient satisfaction after bilateral implantation of an enhanced monofocal intraocular lens: a single-masked prospective randomized study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the visual outcomes of an enhanced monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) with two different monofocal IOLs. SETTING: Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy. DESIGN: Prospective, single-center, single-masked, randomized controlled clinical study. METHODS: The study included patients undergoing phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Patients were consecutively randomized by block randomization and assigned in a 1:1:1 allocation ratio to three study arms to bilaterally receive Tecnis Eyhance™ (model ICB00) or Tecnis® monofocal 1-piece (model PCB00) or Clareon® monofocal (model CNA0T0), respectively. Monocular and binocular (both corrected and uncorrected) visual acuities for far, intermediate and near were registered and compared among groups at 3 months. To track changes in patient quality of life, the Catquest-9SF questionnaire was administered to each patient before and after cataract extraction. RESULTS: Ninety patients (30 for each group) were enrolled. At 3 months follow-up, statistically significant differences for intermediate visual acuities were found between the three groups. Nonstatistically significant differences were observed for distance visual acuities and the changes in Catquest-9SF scores. CONCLUSION: Tecnis Eyhance™ provided better results in intermediate visual outcomes without adverse effects on patients' quality of life.

Feasibility of Tear Meniscus Height Measurements Obtained with a Smartphone-Attachable Portable Device and Agreement of the Results with Standard Slit Lamp Examination.

PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using a novel device, the Smart Eye Camera (SEC), for assessing tear meniscus height (TMH) after fluorescein staining and the agreement of the results with measurements obtained using standard slit lamp examination. METHODS: TMH was assessed using both SEC and conventional slit lamp examination. The images were analyzed using the software ImageJ 1.53t (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). A common measurement unit scale was established based on a paper strip, which was used as a calibration marker to convert pixels into metric scale. A color threshold was applied using uniform parameters for brightness, saturation, and hue. The images were then binarized to black and white to enhance the representation of the tear menisci. A 2 mm area around the upper and lower meniscus in the central eye lid zone was selected and magnified 3200 times to facilitate manual measurement. The values obtained using SEC were compared with those obtained with a slit lamp. RESULTS: The upper and lower TMH values measured using the SEC were not statistically different from those obtained with a slit lamp (0.209 ± 0.073 mm vs. 0.235 ± 0.085, p = 0.073, and 0.297 ± 0.168 vs. 0.260 ± 0.173, p = 0.275, respectively). The results of Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated strong agreement between the two instruments, with a mean bias of -0.016 mm (agreement limits: -0.117 to 0.145 mm) for upper TMH and 0.031 mm (agreement limits: -0.306 to 0.368 mm) for lower TMH. CONCLUSIONS: The SEC demonstrated sufficient validity and reliability for assessing TMH in healthy eyes in a clinical setting, demonstrating concordance with the conventional slit lamp examination.

COVID-19-related retinal microvasculopathy and systemic implications in patients with severe disease: results from the Methuselah study.

Objectives: To assess the reversibility of retinal microvascular changes in the long term and to investigate the potential links with other vascular diseases of COVID-19. Methods: We designed a prospective multicenter observational study. Patients were enrolled from the Methuselah study cohort. Retinal vascular function was studied in these patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA); aortic stiffness was measured using aortic pulse wave velocity. These examinations were performed 1 (Visit 1) and 12 (Visit 2) months after the hospital discharge for severe COVID-19. A control subject group matched for age and sex was included to define normal values. Results: A total of 28 control subjects (56 eyes) and 25 patients (50 eyes) completed the scheduled OCTA assessment; 18 patients (36 eyes) also completed the macrovascular examination. Compared to controls, the vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) was reduced, whereas the foveal avascular zone area was enlarged at Visit 1 (p = 0.016 and < 0.001, respectively) and was not modified after the 12-month follow-up in COVID-19 patients (p = 0.011 and 0.001, respectively). Higher inflammation and lower renal function during hospitalization were linked to higher aortic stiffness and reduced vessel density of the SCP 1 month after the acute phase of COVID-19. A slower recovery of aortic dysfunction was linked to worse retinal vascular outcomes at Visit 2. Conclusion: Retinal vascular alterations were not reversible 12 months after COVID-19 and were linked to inflammation and renal dysfunction during hospitalization as well as to aortic stiffness measured during follow-up.

From Molecular Biology to Novel Immunotherapies and Nanomedicine in Uveal Melanoma.

Molecular biology studies of uveal melanoma have resulted in the development of novel immunotherapy approaches including tebentafusp-a T cell-redirecting bispecific fusion protein. More biomarkers are currently being studied. As a result, combined immunotherapy is being developed as well as immunotherapy with bifunctional checkpoint inhibitory T cell engagers and natural killer cells. Current trials cover tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), vaccination with IKKb-matured dendritic cells, or autologous dendritic cells loaded with autologous tumor RNA. Another potential approach to treat UM could be based on T cell receptor engineering rather than antibody modification. Immune-mobilizing monoclonal T cell receptors (TCR) against cancer, called ImmTAC TM molecules, represent such an approach. Moreover, nanomedicine, especially miRNA approaches, are promising for future trials. Finally, theranostic radiopharmaceuticals enabling diagnosis and therapy with the same molecule bring hope to this research.

Optic Nerve Head and Retinal Changes in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Correlation with Short-Term Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Monitoring.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the status of the optic nerve and retina by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in a group of patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) on the basis of dynamic changes in intracranial pressure. METHODS: This observational and cross-sectional study included patients affected by idiopathic intracranial hypertension with papilledema (IIHWP) and patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension without papilledema (IIHWOP). All participants underwent an OCT examination of the macula and optic nerve head. Parameters related to intracranial pressure, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure (oCSFp), CSF mean pressure (mCSFp), and pulse wave amplitude (PWA), were included in the analysis. RESULTS: Out of the 22 subjects enlisted for the study, a total of 16 patients suggestive of IIH were finally enrolled. Papilledema was detected in nine subjects (56.2%) and seven patients were affected by IIHWOP (43.7%). The OCT examination showed a higher mean RNFL thickness in IIHWP patients in comparison to IIHWOP in both eyes (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements showed that IIHWP had higher values of oCSFp, mCSFp, and PWA compared to IIHWOP (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001, and p = 0.0001, respectively). In addition, ICP parameters significantly correlated with RNFL. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical parameters suggestive of idiopathic intracranial hypertension are associated with retina and optic nerve OCT parameters. OCT is a useful tool to detect these alterations in a non-invasive fashion.

Optic Disc Swelling in Cancer Patients: Etiology and Implications.

PURPOSE: To analyze the etiology and implications of optic disc swelling in cancer patients treated at a specialized tertiary cancer center in Jordan. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of all cancer patients who had optic disc swelling between January 2019 and December 2020 at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC). Patients' data included age, sex, laterality, visual acuity, and the underlying cause and management for the optic disc swelling. RESULTS: Optic disc swelling was present in 58 cancer patients (96 eyes), with 38 (65%) having bilateral involvement. Among these, 33 (57%) were female, and 43 (74%) were ≤40 years old. At diagnosis, 58 (63%) eyes had a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) better than 0.5, improving to 73 (76%) eyes at the last follow-up. High intracranial pressure (ICP) was the most common primary cause (30 patients/52%), followed by tumor infiltration of the optic nerve (10 patients/17%), optic nerve compression (7 patients/12%), and optic nerve inflammation (5 patients/9%). Four patients had pseudopapilledema. Among the 30 patients with high ICP, CNS tumors were predominant (21 patients/70%), with only 3 having idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Medications, including ATRA (All-Trans Retinoic Acid) and systemic steroids, contributed to increased ICP in six patients (20%). BCVA was less than 0.5 in all eyes (100%) affected by tumor infiltration, optic nerve inflammation, and ischemic optic neuropathy, while only eight eyes (14%) with optic disc swelling due to elevated ICP had a BCVA less than 0.5 (p < 0.0001). Management included steroids (53 patients/91%), acetazolamide (30 patients/52%), chemotherapy (20 patients/34%), radiation therapy (13 patients/22%), frequent lumbar punctures (12 patients/21%), and surgery (28 patients/48%). Visual acuity improved in 40 eyes (42%), with only 4 eyes (4%) experiencing deterioration. At a 12-month median follow-up period, 11 (19%) patients were dead, 10 (10%) eyes had poor vision (BCVA less than 0.1), and 21 (22%) eyes had BCVA 0.5 or better. CONCLUSIONS: Various underlying pathologies can induce optic disc swelling in cancer patients, a grave condition capable of causing vision loss. Notably, tumor infiltration of the optic nerve tends to result in more profound visual impairment compared to papilledema due to elevated ICP. Timely detection is crucial, and immediate symptomatic treatment followed by addressing the underlying cause is essential to prevent irreversible optic nerve damage and vision loss in cancer patients.

Comparison of Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy with Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Parameters in Patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

AIM: This study seeks to evaluate the results of nailfold videocapillaroscopies (NVCs) among patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and their correlation with the choroid and retinal parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examined group included 152 patients with acute, recurrent, chronic and neovascular CSC (34 F, 118 M, mean age 45.9 ± 8.9) and 41 healthy controls (12 F, 29 M, mean age 47 ± 11.5). The NVC examination, ophthalmoscopy, angio-OCT and OCT were performed. In addition, the medical history regarding chronic general disorders and known risk factors were recorded. RESULTS: Abnormal NVC patterns and the dilated apical part of capillaries were found only in CSC patients (p = 0.000). Neoangiogenesis was observed in 25 acute (58.14%), 22 recurrent (42.31%), 16 chronic (36.36%) and 5 neovascular patients (45.45%) and 2 control subjects (4.88%) (p = 0.000). Glomerular capillaries were found in 8 acute (18.6%), 17 recurrent (31.48%), 25 chronic (56.82%) and 8 neovascular patients (72.73%) (p = 0.000). Meandering capillaries were more common in acute and recurrent CSC and glomerular capillaries were more common in chronic and aneurysmal dilations in neovascular CSC. CONCLUSIONS: The observed digital microcirculation abnormalities in patients with CSC, such as dilation, meandering, tortuosity and glomerular, may confirm systemic micro-vasculopathy. The potential role of the NVC examination in assessing the CSC prognosis requires further evaluation.

Corrigendum: Dry eye disease severity and impact on quality of life in type II diabetes mellitus.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1103400.].

Bilateral Implantation of Multifocal Intraocular Lenses: 10-Year Follow-Up.

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the long-term results after bilateral implantation of different multifocal intraocular lenses (MIOLs). METHODS: This retrospective comparative study included 42 patients who underwent cataract surgery with bilateral MIOL implantation. Patients were divided into 5 groups: Group 1 received a refractive ReZoom NGX1 IOL (AMO), Group 2 a diffractive Acrysof ReSTOR SA60D3 IOL (Alcon), and Group 3 a diffractive Tecnis ZM900 IOL (AMO). Group 4 and Group 5 were implanted using the mix and match approach with refractive ReZoom-diffractive ReSTOR IOL and refractive ReZoom-diffractive Tecnis ZM900 IOL, respectively. Primary outcome measures were distance, near, and intermediate distance visual acuity measured 6 months (T0) and 10 years (T1) after surgery. Secondary outcomes were defocus curves, contrast sensitivity, patients' satisfaction, and spectacle independence. RESULTS: All patients achieved best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) greater than 0.11 logMAR and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) greater than 0.14 logMAR at both time points. A decrease in contrast sensitivity was evident, particularly at high spatial frequencies; at T1, Group 4 reported statistically higher values than Group 2 at 12 cycles/degree and 18 cycles/degree and statistically higher values than Group 3 at 18 cycles/degree. Great overall satisfaction was reported even in the presence of dysphotopsia. Tecnis ZM900 IOL showed the lowest incidence of posterior capsular opacification. CONCLUSION: MIOLs could provide adequate functional vision and patient satisfaction, despite the incidence of side effects, in carefully selected patients desiring spectacle independence.

Changes in Anterior Segment Morphology and Intraocular Pressure after Cataract Surgery in Non-glaucomatous Eyes.

BACKGROUND: It is known that cataract extraction is associated with a significant reduction in intraocular pressure, especially in narrow angled eyes; however, the modifications of anterior segment parameters associated with this phenomenon have still not been completely defined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in anterior segment anatomy and intraocular pressure after cataract surgery in non-glaucomatous eyes. METHODS AND MATERIAL: This retrospective case series study included 64 eyes of 64 consecutive patients who underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Anterior segment parameters and intraocular pressure were assessed and compared before and 6 months after surgery. Anterior segment imaging was performed using Casia SS-1000 anterior segment optical coherence tomography (Tomey, Nagoya, Japan). Anterior segment measurements included anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber width, anterior chamber volume, angle opening distance at 500 µm anterior to the scleral spur, angle recess area 750 µm from the scleral spur, lens vault, trabecular iris space area at 500 µm from the scleral spur, and trabecular iris angle at 500 µm from the scleral spur. Intraocular pressure was measured using the Goldmann applanation tonometer (Model AT 900 C/M, Haag-Streit, Bern, Switzerland). Anterior segment parameters and the relationship of changes in intraocular pressure were also evaluated. RESULTS: All anterior segment parameters increased significantly after surgery (p < 0.05). Both angle opening distance at 500 µm anterior to the scleral spur and anterior chamber depth changes were positively correlated with the preoperative lens vault. The mean intraocular pressure significantly decreased from 14.91 mmHg (± 2.8 SD) to 12.91 mmHg (± 3.13 SD) (p < 0.001). Changes in intraocular pressure correlated negatively with values for the width of the preoperative anterior chamber (r = - 0.533; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Cataract surgery led to significant widening of the anterior chamber angle and lowering of intraocular pressure. Further investigations are needed to better understand whether anterior chamber width may be a new independent predictive factor for reduction in postoperative intraocular pressure.

Relationship of Vessel Density to Vessel Length Density in Patients with Treated Fabry Disease.

BACKGROUND: Fabry disease (FD) is a potentially lethal lysosomal disorder with systemic vascular changes. Previous studies demonstrated retinal vascular involvement using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in affected patients; Aim: To analyze and quantify the retinal vasculature measuring vessel density (VD), vessel length density (VLD), and the ratio of VD to VLD (VD/VLD) in superficial capillary plexuses (SCP) and deep capillary plexuses (DCP) using OCTA in patients with FD and to show whether they differ from healthy controls (HC); Patients and methods: Single-center, retrospective, consecutive cohort study of patients with genetically proven FD. Patients underwent an ophthalmological examination including OCTA. VD, VLD, foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and the VD/VLD were compared to an HC group using a linear mixed model; Results: A statistically significant difference in the VLD and VD/VLD of DCP was observed between the two groups (p < 0.001). Using ROC curves with AUC and Youden's Index, a cut-off value for differentiating both groups using VD/VLD in DCP FD with high specificity and high sensitivity was established; Conclusions: FD and HC groups seem to be separable using the VD/VLD ratio in DCP. This new biomarker might differentiate changes in the retinal microvasculature that are not detectable by VD or VLD alone.

Analysis of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) Parameters in Young Adults after SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19) Compared with Healthy Young Controls.

PURPOSE: To compare retinal changes in young adults with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection with healthy young controls using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS: This prospective single-center study was conducted at the University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Participants were imaged from May to November 2021 using the SOLIX device (Visionix International SAS, Pont-de-l'Arche, France). We performed 12 mm × 12 mm, 6.4 mm × 6.4 mm, 6 mm × 6 mm and 3 mm × 3 mm OCT and OCTA scans, as well as fundus photography of each participant's eyes. RESULTS: In total, 466 participants were imaged. Of these, 233 were healthy controls with negative RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2, 168 were young adults who had a SARS-CoV-2 infection at least 180 days previously, 19 were participants who had a SARS-CoV-2 infection < 180 days previously, and 46 were participants with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (i.e., serologically positive but with no symptoms). Compared with healthy controls, statistically significant differences were found for OCTA recordings of the optic disc for the whole image (WI) and WI capillary vessel density, with both being higher in the SARS-CoV-2 group. CONCLUSION: Statistically significant results were only observed for selected variables, and in parts, only unilaterally, with relatively large p values (p = 0.02-0.03). Thus, we did not interpret these as clinically significant, leading to the conclusion that young and otherwise healthy individuals (mainly men) seem to recover from mild COVID-19 infections with no ophthalmological residues.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of an explanted opacified hydrophilic IOL after over two years from cataract surgery.

Opacification of hydrophilic intraocular lenses (IOLs) is an uncommon complication, that can appear after uneventful cataract surgery. We report a case of opacified Hydroview® IOL in a 76-year-old woman, with a previous history of pars plana vitrectomy with silicon oil tamponade in her right eye for a proliferative diabetic retinopathy, who developed an opacification of the IOL after over two years from a silicon oil/BSS exchange in combination with an uneventful phacoemulsification. The patient complained about a progressive decrease in her visual acuity. The slit-lamp examination confirmed the opacification of the IOL. Therefore, because of blurred vision, a combined procedure of explant and exchange of the IOL was performed in the same eye. Qualitative (Optic microscope, X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)) and quantitative (Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA)) analysis of the IOL material were performed. Here, our aim is to report the acquired data of the explanted Hydroview® H60M IOL.