The Impact of Long COVID on Cognitive Performance and Sleep Quality: An Analysis of the Rancagua Chilean Study (RACHIS).

Background Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to prolonged symptoms post-recovery, commonly known as long-term coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or "long COVID." Neuropsychiatric consequences of long COVID include cognitive dysfunction and sleep disturbances, which significantly impair daily living. This study aimed to explore the impact of long COVID on cognitive performance and sleep quality in patients receiving outpatient care. Material and methods This study involved a random sample of 138 of 363 patients, corresponding to 38% of the cohort, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) between May 2020 and April 2021. These unvaccinated, non-hospitalized individuals, predominantly exhibiting mild disease symptoms, were prospectively assessed 11 months post-positive PCR test. After informed consent, demographic data, memory, and concentration impairment levels were collected through interviews. Participants reporting cognitive symptoms underwent the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Statistical analyses were conducted, including Student's t-test, Chi-square, Fisher's test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson correlation coefficient, with a significance threshold set at p<0.05. Results Of the 138 participants, 76 (55.1%) were female and 62 (44.9%) were male. The mean age was 45.9 years (± 13.0), with an average educational attainment of 10.4 years (± 3.7). Roughly 50% of the patients reported significant memory and concentration issues (p<0.001). Thirty-three participants underwent detailed cognitive assessments, revealing a 2:1 female-to-male ratio and a significantly higher prevalence of depression in female participants. Cognitive deficits were diagnosed in five (15.2%) participants via the MMSE and in 26 (78.8%) via the MOCA test, with notable deficits in visuospatial/executive functions, language repeat, and deferred recall (p<0.001). A lower educational level was correlated with higher cognitive deficits (p=0.03). Conclusion The study findings reveal that cognitive impairments, as a consequence of COVID-19, can persist up to 11 months post-infection. The MOCA test proved more effective in diagnosing these deficits and requires adjustments based on educational background. Sleep parameters remained largely unaffected in this cohort, likely attributed to the mild nature of the initial symptoms and the outpatient management of the disease.

Dietary and Smoking Acrylamide and Prostate Cancer Risk: CAPLIFE Study.

Acrylamide is a probable carcinogen. Its main sources are the diet and tobacco. The association between acrylamide intake from the diet and tobacco and prostate cancer (PCa) has not been previously evaluated. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary acrylamide intake and exposure to acrylamide through cigarettes and PCa risk. A population-based case-control (CAPLIFE) study was conducted, including 428 incident PCa cases and 393 controls. Smoking and dietary information, with a validated food frequency questionnaire, was collected. We calculated the amount of acrylamide from both sources, and tertiles (Ts) were created. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the association between exposure to acrylamide and PCa risk. The median was similar for acrylamide in both dietary and smoking acrylamide among PCa cases and controls. No association was observed between dietary acrylamide intake and overall PCa risk (adjusted ORT3vsT1 = 0.90 (95% CI 0.59, 1.37)). A risk trend was observed for acrylamide exposure from cigarette smoking (p-trend = 0.032), with the highest odds in those subjects with the high exposure to acrylamide through cigarettes (adjusted ORT3vsT1 = 1.67 (95% CI 0.92, 3.04)). The restricted cubic splines suggested a linear relationship. In conclusion, acrylamide from smoking could be positively associated with PCa risk, but no association was observed for dietary acrylamide.

Replacement of watching television with physical activity and the change in gestational diabetes mellitus risk: A case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of replacing 1 h/week of watching television with 1 h/week of light to moderate (LMPA) or vigorous physical activity (VPA) before and during pregnancy on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in pregnant women. Physical activity and television watching before and during pregnancy were assessed using the Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire. Each type of activity was classified according to intensity (metabolic equivalent of task; MET): less than 6 METs is LMPA, 6 METs or more is VPA. The duration of physical activity and watching television was calculated, and logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals for their association with GDM risk. The isotemporal substitution model was used to calculate the effect of replacing 1 h/week of watching television with the same duration of physical activity. RESULTS: The GDM cases (n = 290) spent less time performing VPA than controls without GDM (n = 1175) and more time watching television during pregnancy (P < 0.05). During pregnancy, the risk of GDM increased for each hour of watching television (aOR = 1.02; 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.03). Women who spent more time watching television during pregnancy were likely to develop GDM (aOR>14 h/week vs. 0-6 h/week = 2.03; 95% confidence interval 1.35-3.08). Replacing 1 h/week of watching television with 1 h/week of VPA during pregnancy could decrease the chance of developing GDM (aOR = 0.66; 95% confidence interval 0.43-1.00). CONCLUSIONS: A simple change of 1 h/week of watching television for 1 h/week of VPA in pregnant women may reduce the risk of GDM considerably.

Serum copper levels and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Despite the fact that several studies have investigated the association between serum copper levels (S-Cu) and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, this relationship remains unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate the association between S-Cu and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including total stroke, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality, and identify potential sources of results heterogeneity. Methods: We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis. The selection criteria were: (1) Observational studies (cohort studies, case-control studies and hybrid studies); (2) Studies containing quantitative data about the relationship between S-Cu and risk of MACE; (3) Estimating association measures; and (4) Studies written in English, French or Spanish. Overall pooled Odds ratio (pOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of MACE for the highest vs. lowest S-Cu category were calculated using random-effects models. Results: Sixteen studies with a total of 41,322 participants were included in the meta-analysis: 10 prospective cohort studies, 5 nested case-control studies and 1 case-control study. Comparing highest vs. lowest category, high S-Cu levels were associated with total stroke (pOR: 1.49, 95% CI 1.22-1.82; I2 = 0%, p = 0.54), myocardial infarction (pOR: 1.31, 95% CI 1.17-1.46; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.92) and cardiovascular mortality (pOR: 1.60, 95% CI 1.39-1.86; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.54). Subgroup analysis showed that studies with a hybrid design had higher risks for cardiovascular mortality (pOR: 3.42, 95% CI 1.98-5.92) and ischemic stroke (pOR: 1.54, 95% CI 1.30-1.83). Conclusion: High S-Cu levels were associated with an increased risk of total stroke, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality. Hybrid studies seems to modify the strength of the association between S-Cu and the risk of cardiovascular mortality and ischemic stroke. Systematic review registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022370782], identifier [CRD42022370782].

Prevalence of frailty and its association with oral hypofunction in older adults: a gender perspective.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated an association between oral hypofunction and frailty in community-dwelling older adults. However, this issue has not been evaluated in institutionalized older patients. We aimed to determine the prevalence of physical frailty in this particularly vulnerable group and evaluate its association with oral hypofunction, analyzing possible differences by gender. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in private and public care homes in Guayaquil (Ecuador) from January 2018 until December 2019. Participants were classified as robust, pre-frail, and frail according to the Fried's frailty phenotype. Oral hypofunction was defined as the presence of at least three positive items in the following list: poor oral hygiene, oral dryness, reduced occlusal force, decreased masticatory function, and deterioration of swallowing function. The relationships between frailty and oral hypofunction were analyzed using logistic regression models for the whole sample and stratified by gender. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 15.0 software (Stata Corp. LP, College Station, TX, USA). RESULTS: Among the 589 participants analyzed (65% women), the median age was 72 years (interquartile range: 66-82). Pre-frailty and frailty were presented in 66.7% and 28.9% of them respectively. Weakness was the most frequent item (84.6%). There was a significant relationship between frailty and oral hypofunction in women. In the overall sample, the frequency of frailty was 2.06 times higher (95% CI 1.30-3.29) in patients with oral hypofunction, and this association was maintained in women (ORa: 2.18; 95% CI 1.21-3.94). Reduced occlusal force and decreased swallowing function were items significantly associated with the presence of frailty (ORa: 1.95; 95% CI 1.18-3.22 and ORa: 2.11; 95% CI 1.39-3.19, respectively). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty was high among institutionalized older people and was associated with the presence of hypofunction, especially in women. Decreased swallowing function was the most strongly item associated with frailty.

Mediterranean diet and risk of breast cancer: An umbrella review.

BACKGROUND: The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is a healthy dietary pattern which has been related to a lower risk of certain chronic diseases, such as some cancers. However, its role in breast cancer development remains unclear. This umbrella review aims to summarize the highest available evidence on MedDiet and breast cancer risk. METHODS: Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus electronic platforms were searched for relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The selection criteria included systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis including women aged 18 years or older which evaluated the adherence to a MedDiet as the exposure and incidence of breast cancer as the outcome variable. Overlapping and quality of the reviews using AMSTAR-2 tool were independently assessed by two authors. RESULTS: Five systematic reviews and six systematic reviews with meta-analysis were included. Overall, 4 systematic reviews - two with and two without meta-analysis - were rated as of high quality. An inverse association was found in 5 of the 9 reviews which evaluated the role of MedDiet on the risk of total breast cancer. The meta-analyses showed moderate-high heterogeneity. The risk reduction seemed to be more consistent among postmenopausal women. No association was found for MedDiet among premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this umbrella review suggest that adherence to a MedDiet pattern had a protective effect on the risk of breast cancer, especially for postmenopausal breast cancer. The stratification of breast cancer cases and conducting high-quality reviews are aspects needed to overcome the current results' heterogeneity and to improve knowledge in this field.

Long-lasting brain fog is related with severity clusters of symptoms in COVID-19 patients

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 patients may experience Long-lasting symptoms from weeks to even months. AIM: To evaluate long-term cognitive impairment based on the severity of symptoms of COVID-19 infection in a primary health system setting. Material and Methods: From a database of 363 patients, 83 cases aged 47 ± 15 years, (58% females) were selected from June to August 2020. In patients who survived the virus, 24 infection-related symptoms were collected to create three severity clusters (mild, moderate, and severe). The follow-up time was at least seven months. Comparing the first two clusters with the severe cluster, the existence of brain fog and risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, chronic lung disease, and hypothyroidism) were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (37%) had persistent symptoms lasting up to 240 days. Fifty-one patients (61%) experienced brain fog. Concentration was affected by symptom severity (odds ratio [OR] 3.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-10.46, p = 0.02). Short- or long-term memory loss was not affected. Moreover, symptom severity was related to brain fog (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.05-9.51, p = 0.04). Patients with persistent symptoms had a concentration impairment associated with severity patterns (OR 24.3, 95% CI 1.73-340.11, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Brain fog is associated with symptom severity in COVID-19 survivors and lasts for more than eight months.

ANTECEDENTES: Los pacientes que han tenido COVID-19 pueden experimentar síntomas persistentes que duran semanas a meses. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el deterioro cognitivo a largo plazo en función de la severidad de los síntomas de la infección por COVID-19, en un escenario de sistema primario de salud. Material y Métodos: De una base de datos de 363 pacientes se seleccionaron 83 casos de 47 ± 15 años (58% mujeres), de junio-agosto de 2020. Se recopilaron 24 síntomas relacionados con la infección, creando tres grupos (leve, moderado y severo), en pacientes que padecieron y sobreviven al virus. El tiempo de seguimiento fue de al menos siete meses. La existencia de niebla cerebral y de factores de riesgo (obesidad, hipertensión, diabetes, enfermedad pulmonar crónica e hipotiroidismo) se comparó los dos grupos de severidad más bajos con el nivel superior. RESULTADOS: Treinta y un pacientes (37%) tuvieron síntomas prolongados con una duración de hasta 240 días. Cincuenta y un pacientes (61%) mostraron niebla cerebral. El deterioro de la concentración fue afectado por la severidad (Razón de riesgo (RR) = 3,63, Intervalos de confianza (IC) 95%: 1,26-10,46, p = 0,02). La pérdida de memoria a corto o largo plazo no fue afectada. El grupo con mayor severidad se asoció a niebla cerebral (RR = 3,16, IC95%: 1,05-9,51, p = 0,04). Los portadores de síntomas prolongados tuvieron una alteración de la concentración asociado a severidad (RR: 3,16, IC95%: 1,05-9,51, p= 0,04). Conclusiones: La niebla cerebral está relacionada con la severidad de los síntomas en supervivientes de COVID-19 permaneciendo por más de ocho meses.

Síndrome de Boerhaave: manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico en el Hospital Regional de Talca / Boerhaave Syndrome: diagnostic and therapeutic management at the Hospital Regional de Talca

Introduction: Boerhaave syndrome is a spontaneous rupture of the esophageal wall caused by a sudden increase in intraesophageal pressure. It represents an incidence of approximately 15% of all esophageal perforations, which do not exceed 3.1 per 1 million inhabitants per year. Objectives: To communicate the clinical presentation and management of patients with this syndrome, as well as to reveal the different options available in our service for its treatment. Methods: Search in the statistical data of the regional Hospital of Talca for patients with a diagnosis of Boerhaave syndrome. Five patients were found. Information was obtained from their clinical records and is presented as a clinical case report with a descriptive analysis of their management. Results: Of the 5 clinical cases presented, a classic clinical presentation can be observed, most of the patients presented with vomiting that later evolved with thoracic and/or epigastric pain, associated with imaging studies suggesting esophageal perforation. Management was surgical in 100% of the cases, applying different techniques described in the literature. Discussion and Conclusion: Boerhaave syndrome is a medical-surgical emergency that requires timely management. In spite of the variety of management and the consequences of each one of them, all the patients had an evolution that allowed them to preserve their lives until nowadays. Keeping a high index of suspicion and choosing the best management will have an impact on morbidity and mortality.

Long-lasting brain fog is related with severity clusters of symptoms in COVID-19 patients.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 patients may experience Long-lasting symptoms from weeks to even months. AIM: To evaluate long-term cognitive impairment based on the severity of symptoms of COVID-19 infection in a primary health system setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From a database of 363 patients, 83 cases aged 47 ± 15 years, (58% females) were selected from June to August 2020. In patients who survived the virus, 24 infection-related symptoms were collected to create three severity clusters (mild, moderate, and severe). The follow-up time was at least seven months. Comparing the first two clusters with the severe cluster, the existence of brain fog and risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, chronic lung disease, and hypothyroidism) were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (37%) had persistent symptoms lasting up to 240 days. Fifty-one patients (61%) experienced brain fog. Concentration was affected by symptom severity (odds ratio [OR] 3.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-10.46, p = 0.02). Short- or long-term memory loss was not affected. Moreover, symptom severity was related to brain fog (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.05-9.51, p = 0.04). Patients with persistent symptoms had a concentration impairment associated with severity patterns (OR 24.3, 95% CI 1.73-340.11, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Brain fog is associated with symptom severity in COVID-19 survivors and lasts for more than eight months.

Relieving your stress: PGPB associated with Andean xerophytic plants are most abundant and active on the most extreme slopes.

Introduction: Plants interact with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), especially under stress condition in natural and agricultural systems. Although a potentially beneficial microbiome has been found associated to plants from alpine systems, this plant- PGPB interaction has been scarcely studied. Nevados de Chillán Complex hold one of the southernmost xerophytic formations in Chile. Plant species living there have to cope with drought and extreme temperatures during the growing season period, microclimatic conditions that become harsher on equatorial than polar slopes, and where the interaction with PGPB could be key for plant survival. Our goal was to study the abundance and activity of different PGPB associated to two abundant plant species of Andean xerophytic formations on contrasting slopes. Methods: Twenty individuals of Berberis empetrifolia and Azorella prolifera shrubs were selected growing on a north and south slope nearby Las Fumarolas, at 2,050 m elevation. On each slope, microclimate based on temperature and moisture conditions were monitored throughout the growing period (oct. - apr.). Chemical properties of the soil under plant species canopies were also characterized. Bacterial abundance was measured as Log CFU g-1 from soil samples collected from each individual and slope. Then, the most abundant bacterial colonies were selected, and different hormonal (indoleacetic acid) and enzymatic (nitrogenase, phosphatase, ACC-deaminase) mechanisms that promote plant growth were assessed and measured. Results and Discussion: Extreme temperatures were observed in the north facing slope, recording the hottest days (41 vs. 36°C) and coldest nights (-9.9 vs. 6.6°C). Moreover, air and soil moisture were lower on north than on south slope, especially late in the growing season. We found that bacterial abundance was higher in soils on north than on south slope but only under B. empetrifolia canopy. Moreover, the activity of plant growth-promoting mechanisms varied between slopes, being on average higher on north than on south slope, but with plant species-dependent trends. Our work showed how the environmental heterogeneity at microscale in alpine systems (slope and plant species identity) underlies variations in the abundance and plant growth promoting activity of the microorganisms present under the plant canopy of the Andean xerophytic formations and highlight the importance of PGPB from harsh systems as biotechnological tools for restoration.

Bilateral Bronchiectasis as a Presentation Form of Pulmonary Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma of Bronchus Associated Lymphoid Tissue.

The pulmonary marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue of the lung (BALT) is a rare illness that can remain without symptoms. Radiological findings of pulmonary lymphoma are heterogeneous. In literature, bronchiectasis is only described in one patient who also had besides adenomegalies. We reported on a 48-year-old female patient. She showed symptoms consistent with dyspnea with productive cough; there were crepitant sounds in the auscultation. Pulmonary functional test has shown a severe restrictive pattern with a low FVC and DLCO. CT scan showed bronchiectasis in the medium lobule without adenomegalies. Echocardiogram was normal, and the laboratory findings only showed leukocytosis. There were no findings in the bronchoscopy, but the lung biopsy showed a B-cell pulmonary lymphoma (positive to CD20 and CD79a in immunostaining). A wide variety of radiological manifestations has been previously described; however, we have presented this rare case, with bronchiectasis, as unique radiological finding.

Global causes of diarrheal disease mortality in children <5 years of age: a systematic review.

Estimation of pathogen-specific causes of child diarrhea deaths is needed to guide vaccine development and other prevention strategies. We did a systematic review of articles published between 1990 and 2011 reporting at least one of 13 pathogens in children <5 years of age hospitalized with diarrhea. We included 2011 rotavirus data from the Rotavirus Surveillance Network coordinated by WHO. We excluded studies conducted during diarrhea outbreaks that did not discriminate between inpatient and outpatient cases, reporting nosocomial infections, those conducted in special populations, not done with adequate methods, and rotavirus studies in countries where the rotavirus vaccine was used. Age-adjusted median proportions for each pathogen were calculated and applied to 712 000 deaths due to diarrhea in children under 5 years for 2011, assuming that those observed among children hospitalized for diarrhea represent those causing child diarrhea deaths. 163 articles and WHO studies done in 31 countries were selected representing 286 inpatient studies. Studies seeking only one pathogen found higher proportions for some pathogens than studies seeking multiple pathogens (e.g. 39% rotavirus in 180 single-pathogen studies vs. 20% in 24 studies with 5-13 pathogens, p<0.0001). The percentage of episodes for which no pathogen could be identified was estimated to be 34%; the total of all age-adjusted percentages for pathogens and no-pathogen cases was 138%. Adjusting all proportions, including unknowns, to add to 100%, we estimated that rotavirus caused 197 000 [Uncertainty range (UR) 110 000-295 000], enteropathogenic E. coli 79 000 (UR 31 000-146 000), calicivirus 71 000 (UR 39 000-113 000), and enterotoxigenic E. coli 42 000 (UR 20 000-76 000) deaths. Rotavirus, calicivirus, enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic E. coli cause more than half of all diarrheal deaths in children <5 years in the world.

[Urban sporotrichosis: a neglected epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. / Esporotricose urbana: epidemia negligenciada no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

In the scientific literature, sporotrichosis has traditionally been associated with agricultural work, since the causative agent is found naturally in the soil. However, cases have been reported recently in an urban area, related to zoonotic transmission. The current study aimed to contribute to knowledge on sporotrichosis in an urban area through an exploratory analysis of its socio-spatial distribution in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1997 to 2007, identifying the areas with the heaviest transmission. The database from the Health Surveillance Service at the Evandro Chagas Institute for Clinical Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, was used to estimate incidence rates and spatial distribution. During the study period, 1,848 cases of sporotrichosis were reported, predominantly in adult women not currently in the labor market. The leading source of infection was wounds caused by domestic cats, which contributed to the spread of sporotrichosis in this urban area. Georeferencing of 1,681 cases showed a transmission belt along the border between the city of Rio de Janeiro and the adjacent municipalities in the Greater Metropolitan Area.

Esporotricose urbana: epidemia negligenciada no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Urban sporotrichosis: a neglected epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Na literatura científica, a esporotricose esteve associada por anos a profissionais que lidam com a terra, local onde o fungo causador habita. Recentemente, numa área urbana tem sido registrada a ocorrência relacionada à transmissão zoonótica. Este trabalho objetivou contribuir para o conhecimento sobre a esporotricose em área urbana, por intermédio da analise exploratória de sua distribuição socioespacial no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre 1997 e 2007, identificando os espaços de transmissão mais intensos. Utilizando-se base de dados do Serviço de Vigilância em Saúde, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, foram realizadas análises de frequência da doença e sua distribuição espacial. No período estudado, foram registrados 1.848 casos de esporotricose, com predomínio em mulheres adultas fora do mercado de trabalho. A fonte de contaminação predominante foi ferimento causado pelo gato doméstico, o que contribuiu para a disseminação da esporotricose em área urbana. O georreferenciamento de 1.681 casos evidenciou um cinturão de transmissão ao longo da divisa entre a capital e os municípios da região metropolitana.

In the scientific literature, sporotrichosis has traditionally been associated with agricultural work, since the causative agent is found naturally in the soil. However, cases have been reported recently in an urban area, related to zoonotic transmission. The current study aimed to contribute to knowledge on sporotrichosis in an urban area through an exploratory analysis of its socio-spatial distribution in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1997 to 2007, identifying the areas with the heaviest transmission. The database from the Health Surveillance Service at the Evandro Chagas Institute for Clinical Research, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, was used to estimate incidence rates and spatial distribution. During the study period, 1,848 cases of sporotrichosis were reported, predominantly in adult women not currently in the labor market. The leading source of infection was wounds caused by domestic cats, which contributed to the spread of sporotrichosis in this urban area. Georeferencing of 1,681 cases showed a transmission belt along the border between the city of Rio de Janeiro and the adjacent municipalities in the Greater Metropolitan Area.

Galectin-10 is released in the nasal lavage fluid of patients with aspirin-sensitive respiratory disease.

The aim of this work was to determine the presence of galectin-10 in nasal lavage fluid (NLF) of patients with aspirin-sensitive respiratory disease (ASRD) before and after challenge with L-ASA (aspirin) by ELISA. Fifteen ASRD patients, ten aspirin-tolerant asthmatics (ATA), and fifteen healthy controls (HC) were studied. The baseline presence of Galectin-10 in PBMC was determined using real time PCR. Galectin-10 was evaluated in tissue of nasal polyps by western blot. Our results showed a lower expression in PBMC of ASRD patients than in ATA and healthy controls. However, a higher concentration of galectin-10 in NLF was found in ASRD patients before and after L-ASA challenge; western blot confirmed a high expression of galectin-10 in tissue from nasal polyps obtained from ASRD patients. Our results suggest a probable role of galectin-10 in the inflammatory response observed in ASRD patients; however, confirmatory studies are needed.

Fibroma odontogénico central, tipo WHO: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Central odontogenic fibroma, WHO type: a case report and literature review

El fibroma odontogénico central es una neoplasia benigna muy poco frecuente. Clásicamente se ha dividido en dos variantes histológicas: un tipo pobre en epitelio y otro tipo rico en epitelio con focos de material calcificado. En la mayoría de los casos muestra un crecimiento lento y progresivo con o sin sintomatología. Radiográficamente es habitual observar una imagen radiolúcida y unilocular que en raras ocasiones exhibe radiolucidez mixta. El tratamiento indicado en todos los casos es la enucleación del tumor. Se reporta el caso de una mujer de 36 años de edad, sin antecedentes mórbidos, con una lesión asintomática de radiolucidez mixta, expansiva de ambas corticales óseas, en la zona del cuerpo y ángulo mandibular izquierdo, asociada a un tercer molar incluido. Basándose en el estudio histopatológico inicial, se diagnosticó como fibroma odontogénico, y con el posterior tratamiento definitivo de la lesión, se determinó la subvariedad tipo OMS. La paciente no ha tenido recidiva en 16 meses de seguimiento(AU)

The central odontogenic fibroma is a rare benign neoplasm. Classically has been divided into two histological variants, a poor type epithelium and other rich epithelium with foci of calcified material. It shows in most cases, a slow and progressive growing with or without symptoms. Radiographically it is common to observe a radiolucent, unilocular, rarely exhibiting mixed radiolucency. The treatment in all cases is enucleation of the tumor. We report the case of a 36 year old woman, no morbid history, with an asymptomatic lesion of mixed radiolucency, cortical bone expansion in the area of the body and the left mandibular angle associated with a third molar. Based on the initial histopathology it was diagnosed as odontogenic fibroma and subsequent definitive treatment of the injury rate was determined sub manifold WHO. The patient had no recurrence at 16 months of follow-up(AU)

Histiocitose de células de Langerhans - revisão de literatura e relato de caso clínico - parte II / Langerhans' cell histiocytosis - literature review and a clinical case report - part II

Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans (HCL) é um distúrbio caracterizado pela proliferação de células de Langerhans nos ossos, cujas manifestações clínicas são muito variadas. O presente trabalho relatará um caso de HCL em uma criança, do sexo feminino, acometida pela forma multifocal da doença, diagnosticada por biópsia da lesão ulcerada na região do palato. Juntamente com a breve descrição da doença, que já foi abordada minuciosamente na parte I deste artigo, será descrita a reabilitação protética da paciente para restabelecimento de sua função, estética e reequilíbrio emocional, ressaltando que a literatura é escassa a respeito deste tratamento reabilitador.

Histiocitose de células de Langerhans - revisão de literatura e relato de caso clínico - parte I / Langerhans'cell histiocytosis - literature review and clinical case report - part I

Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans (HCL), conhecida anteriormente como Histiocitose X, consiste na proliferação de células de Langerhans nos ossos e apresenta manifestações clínicas muito variadas. Podem ocorrer como lesões ósseas unifocais ou multifocais, sendo encontrada mais freqüêntemente nos ossos do crânio e da face e com menos freqüência em órgãos, como pulmão, fígado, pele, linfonodos e mucosa. O presente trabalho objetivou relatar um caso de HCL em uma criança, do sexo feminino, acometida pela forma multifocal da doença, envolvendo mucosa oral e ossos maxilares, a qual foi diagnosticada por biópsia da lesão ulcerada na região de palato; e juntamente descrever, mediante a revisão da literatura, a etiologia, as manisfestações clínicas, radiográficas e histopatológicas, o diagnóstico e o tratamento da HCL

Patologias otorrinolaringológicas relacionadas com o trabalho de mergulho / Otorhinolaryngological diseases related to the work of diving

Apesar da grande variabilidade dos ecossistemas, evoluimos em um ambiente cuja pressão atmosférica está em torno de uma atmosfera absoluta de pressão. Alterações significativas desta pressão atmosférica podem causar lesões ao organismo humano que precisam ser bem conduzidas. A quantidade e a profundidade dos mergulhos profissionais e recreativos têm aumentado, exigindo o mesmo no conhecimento das eventuais alterações causadas pelo ambiente hiperbárico. Nesta pesquisa teórica, busca-se caracterizar as alterações otorrinolaringológicas decorrentes de mergulho, detalhando-se o quadro clínico e a terapêutica. Estuda também a prevenção e controle de patologias no mergulho, onde o médico do trabalho tem papel fundamental, examinando, orientando os trabalhadores em atividades insalubres em grau máximo, de acordo com o anexo 6 da Norma Regulamentadora 15 (item 1 - Trabalho sob ar comprimido e item 2 - Trabalhos submersos). Devido à expansão das atividades subaquáticas, o conhecimento da fisiopatologia, asssim como das consequencias e da conduta nas complicações otorrinolaringológicas devidas ao mergulho devem ser de conhecimento de todos os especialistas em otorrinolaringologia e médicos do trabalho.

Comportamiento clínico y abordaje terapeutico en pacientes de servicio de nefrología con glomerulonefritis rapidamente progresiva menores de 15 años, Hospital Manuel de Jesus Rivera enero 1,999 a diciembre 2,004 / Clinical behavior and therapeutic boarding in patient of nefrology service with quickly progressive glomerulonefritis smaller than 15 years, Hospital Manuel of Jesus Rivera January 1,999 to december 2,004

El presente estudio fue realizado en el servicio de nefrologia del Hospital Manuel de Jesus Rivera, en el período comprendido enero 1999 a diciembre 2004. El objetivo fue conocer el comportamiento clínico y abordaje terapéutico de los pacientes con Glomérulo nefritis rápidamente progresiva, ingresados al servicio de nefrología de ese hospital e instar a los pediatras generales a realizar diagnóstico temprano de esta patología para contribuir a la reducción de la morbi mortalidad por esta causa. La muestra fue de 15 pacientes, la mayoría referidos, predominando en el sexo masculino, los escolares y adolescentes, procedentes de zonas rurales y con estado nutricional eutrófico. La totalidad de los pacientes, presentó un foco infeccioso previo a su ingreso de ellos los más frecuentes fue de localización faríngea y a nivel de la piel...