Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 32
Filtrar
1.
Molecules ; 29(19)2024 Sep 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39407486

RESUMO

In this research, we aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of an atomized extract of Cnidoscolus diacanthus (Pax & K. Hoffm.) J.F. Macbr., known in Peru as "huanarpo hembra", and its effect on sex hormone levels. Its phytochemical profile was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), while its total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFs) were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the aluminum chloride method. Its antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the radical 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazolin-6 sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The biological activity of C. diacanthus and its effect on sexual hormones were determined in Holtzman rats of both sexes. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in its leaves and stems, mainly rutin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and genistein. However, the stem extract contained higher total phenol (464.38 ± 4.40 GAE/g) and flavonoid (369.17 ± 3.16 mg QE/g of extract) contents than the leaf extract (212.38 ± 3.19 mg GAE/g and 121.49 ± 2.69 mg QE/g). For DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, the Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was 597.20 ± 5.40 µmol/g, 452.67 ± 5.76 µmol/g, and 535.91 ± 1.56 µmol/g, respectively, for the stems, while for the leaves, it was 462.39 ± 3.99 µmol/g, 202.32 ± 5.20 µmol/g, and 198.13 ± 1.44 µmol/g, respectively. In terms of the values for hormonal levels, at a dose of 100 mg/kg of the extract, testosterone levels of 1.430 ng/mL (with the leaf extract) and 1.433 ng/mL (with the stem extract), respectively, were found in the male rats. Regarding estradiol levels, in the female rats, these were 10.425 ng/mL (leaf extract) and 8.775 ng/mL (stem extract), while their levels of luteinizing hormone were 0.320 mIU/mL (leaf extract) and 0.273 mIU/mL (stem extract). For the follicle-stimulating hormone, levels of 0.858 mIU/mL (leaf extract) and 0.840 mIU/mL (stem extract) were found in the female rats, and levels of 0.220 mIU/mL (leaf extract) and 0.200 mIU/mL (stem extract) were found in the male rats. It is concluded that the C. diacanthus stem extract had a greater antioxidant capacity than the leaf extract, while both extracts had a superior effect on the sex hormone levels in the female rats compared to the male rats.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Extratos Vegetais , Folhas de Planta , Caules de Planta , Animais , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Ratos , Masculino , Caules de Planta/química , Flavonoides/análise , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Feminino , Peru , Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais/metabolismo , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/farmacologia , Euphorbiaceae/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise
2.
Food Res Int ; 187: 114420, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38763670

RESUMO

Vitamins are responsible for providing biological properties to the human body; however, their instability under certain environmental conditions limits their utilization in the food industry. The objective was to conduct a systematic review on the use of biopolymers and lipid bases in microencapsulation processes, assessing their impact on the stability, controlled release, and viability of fortified foods with microencapsulated vitamins. The literature search was conducted between the years 2013-2023, gathering information from databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and publishers including Taylor & Francis, Elsevier, Springer and MDPI; a total of 49 articles were compiled The results were classified according to the microencapsulation method, considering the following information: core, coating material, solvent, formulation, process conditions, particle size, efficiency, yield, bioavailability, bioaccessibility, in vitro release, correlation coefficient and references. It has been evidenced that gums are the most frequently employed coatings in the protection of vitamins (14.04%), followed by alginate (10.53%), modified chitosan (9.65%), whey protein (8.77%), lipid bases (8.77%), chitosan (7.89%), modified starch (7.89%), starch (7.02%), gelatin (6.14%), maltodextrin (5.26%), zein (3.51%), pectin (2.63%) and other materials (7.89%). The factors influencing the release of vitamins include pH, modification of the coating material and crosslinking agents; additionally, it was determined that the most fitting mathematical model for release values is Weibull, followed by Zero Order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas; finally, foods commonly fortified with microencapsulated vitamins were described, with yogurt, bakery products and gummy candies being notable examples.


Assuntos
Composição de Medicamentos , Alimentos Fortificados , Vitaminas , Vitaminas/análise , Quitosana/química , Disponibilidade Biológica , Humanos , Biopolímeros/química , Alginatos/química , Proteínas do Soro do Leite/química
3.
J Toxicol ; 2024: 5391316, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38757141

RESUMO

PM2.5 and arsenic are two of the most hazardous substances for humans that coexist worldwide. Independently, they might cause multiple organ damage. However, the combined effect of PM2.5 and arsenic has not been studied. Here, we used an animal model of simultaneous exposure to arsenic and PM2.5. Adult Wistar rats were exposed to PM2.5, As, or PM2.5 + As and their corresponding control groups. After 7, 14, and 28 days of exposure, the animals were euthanized and serum, lungs, kidneys, and hearts were collected. Analysis performed showed high levels of lung inflammation in all experimental groups, with an additive effect in the coexposed group. Besides, we observed cartilaginous metaplasia in the hearts of all exposed animals. The levels of creatine kinase, CK-MB, and lactate dehydrogenase increased in experimental groups. Tissue alterations might be related to oxidative stress through increased GPx and NADPH oxidase activity. The findings of this study suggest that exposure to arsenic, PM2.5, or coexposure induces high levels of oxidative stress, which might be associated with lung inflammation and heart damage. These findings highlight the importance of reducing exposure to these pollutants to protect human health.

4.
Thorax ; 79(1): 43-49, 2023 12 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37940200

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Previous studies found exposure to air pollution leads to exacerbations of asthma in paediatric and adult patients and increases asthma-related emergency hospital admissions (AREHA). METHODS: AREHAs and levels of air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5 and NO2) were obtained from Mexico City for the period 2017-2019. A time-series approach was used to explore the relationship between air pollutants and AREHA. Relative risks of AREHA were estimated using a negative binomial regression in young children (less than 5 years) and adults (greater than 18 years). RESULTS: There was a positive association between AREHA and PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 in adults, which remained after mutual adjustment for these pollutants. The relative risk (RR) of admission in adults increased by 3% (95% CI 1% to 4%) for a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM10, 1% (0.03% to 3%) for a 5 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and by 1% (0.06% to 2%) for a 5 µg/m3 increase in NO2. In contrast, in young children, AREHAs were negatively associated with PM10 after adjustment for NO2 (RR 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) for a 10 µg/m3 and with NO2 after adjustment for PM10 and PM2.5 (RR 0.98 (0.96 to 0.99) and 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99), respectively, for a 5 µg/m3 increase in NO2). AREHAs in children were not associated with PM2.5 after adjustment for NO2. CONCLUSIONS: Ambient air pollution, within the previous week, was associated with emergency hospital admissions for asthma to public hospitals in adults in Mexico City. The relationship in children was less consistent. Further work is needed to explore why differences between adults and children exist to inform appropriate interventions to benefit public health.


Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição do Ar , Asma , Adulto , Humanos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , México/epidemiologia , Dióxido de Nitrogênio/efeitos adversos , Dióxido de Nitrogênio/análise , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Poluição do Ar/análise , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Asma/epidemiologia , Asma/etiologia , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Material Particulado/análise , Hospitais , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental/análise
5.
Genes (Basel) ; 14(4)2023 04 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37107645

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EvCS) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy with a disproportionate short stature, polydactyly, dystrophic nails, oral defects, and cardiac anomalies. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the EVC or EVC2 genes. To obtain further insight into the genetics of EvCS, we identified the genetic defect for the EVC2 gene in two Mexican patients. METHODS: Two Mexican families were enrolled in this study. Exome sequencing was applied in the probands to screen potential genetic variant(s), and then Sanger sequencing was used to identify the variant in the parents. Finally, a prediction of the three-dimensional structure of the mutant proteins was made. RESULTS: One patient has a compound heterozygous EVC2 mutation: a novel heterozygous variant c.519_519 + 1delinsT inherited from her mother, and a heterozygous variant c.2161delC (p.L721fs) inherited from her father. The second patient has a previously reported compound heterozygous EVC2 mutation: nonsense mutation c.645G > A (p.W215*) in exon 5 inherited from her mother, and c.273dup (p.K92fs) in exon 2 inherited from her father. In both cases, the diagnostic was Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. Three-dimensional modeling of the EVC2 protein showed that truncated proteins are produced in both patients due to the generation of premature stop codons. CONCLUSION: The identified novel heterozygous EVC2 variants, c.2161delC and c.519_519 + 1delinsT, were responsible for the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome in one of the Mexican patients. In the second Mexican patient, we identified a compound heterozygous variant, c.645G > A and c.273dup, responsible for EvCS. The findings in this study extend the EVC2 mutation spectrum and may provide new insights into the EVC2 causation and diagnosis with implications for genetic counseling and clinical management.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Ellis-Van Creveld , Proteínas de Membrana , Humanos , Feminino , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/genética , Síndrome de Ellis-Van Creveld/genética , Síndrome de Ellis-Van Creveld/diagnóstico , Linhagem , Mutação , Códon sem Sentido
6.
Rev. salud pública ; Rev. salud pública;24(4)jul.-ago. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536729

RESUMO

Objetivo Identificar los predictores clínicos y farmacoterapéuticos asociados a los niveles de severidad de las reacciones adversas (RAM) e interacciones medicamentosas (IM) en pacientes hospitalizados post accidente cerebrovascular. Métodos Estudio analítico, predictivo y transversal mediante el modelo de regresión lineal múltiple. Los niveles de severidad de las potenciales reacciones adversas e interacciones medicamentosas se evaluaron mediante Drugs.com. Resultados De la evaluación de 992 prescripciones médicas de 55 (56,7%) pacientes mujeres y 42 (43,3%) varones post accidente cerebrovascular isquémico 62 (63,9%) y hemorrágico 35 (36,1%), se identificó un total de 11 790±46,8 potenciales reacciones adversas y 1 034±9,8 interacciones medicamentosas. La hipertensión arterial se asoció a las reacciones adversas graves y moderadas, en tanto que la neumonía intrahospitalaria y alcalosis metabólica a reacciones adversas leves y moderadas. La alcalosis metabólica se asoció a las interacciones medicamentosas moderadas y leves. Los predictores farmacoterapéuticos como la prescripción en polifarmacia y el uso de antibióticos se relacionaron con reacciones adversas graves, moderadas y leves; los antidiabéticos se relacionaron con interacciones medicamentosas graves, moderadas y los fármacos para terapia cardiaca con interacciones medicamentosas leves. Conclusiones Las variables clínicas como factores de riesgo cardiovascular, presencia de comorbilidades que exacerban las enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles, los signos y síntomas de alarma, el mayor tiempo de estancia hospitalaria y la prescripción en polifarmacia fueron predictores de mayor frecuencia de reacciones adversas e interacciones medicamentosas graves y moderadas que requieren especial vigilancia y estudio individualizado.


Objective To identify clinical and pharmacotherapeutic predictors associated with severity levels of adverse reactions and drug-drug interactions in post-stroke hospita-lized patients. Methods Analytic, predictive, cross-sectional study using multiple linear regression modeling. Severity levels of potential adverse reactions and drug-drug interactions were assessed using Drugs.com. Results From the evaluation of 992 medical prescriptions of 55 (56.7%) female and 42 (43.3%) male patients post ischemic stroke 62(63.9%) and hemorrhagic stroke 35 (36.1%); a total of 11 790±46.8 potential adverse reactions and 1 034±9.8 drug-drug interactions were identified; arterial hypertension was associated with severe and moderate adverse reactions; while in-hospital pneumonia and metabolic alkalosis with mild and moderate adverse reactions. While metabolic alkalosis was associated with moderate and mild drug-drug interactions. Pharmacotherapeutic predictors such as polypharmacy prescription and antibiotic use were related to moderate and mild severe adverse reactions; antidiabetic drugs were related to moderate and severe drug-drug interactions and cardiac therapy drugs were related to mild drug-drug interactions. Conclusions Clinical variables such as cardiovascular risk factors, presence of comorbidities that exacerbate chronic noncommunicable diseases, alarm signs and symptoms, longer hospital stay, as well as polypharmacy prescriptions, were predictors of a higher frequency of severe and moderate adverse reactions and drug-drug interactions, which require special vigilance and individualized study.

8.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 5173, 2022 03 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35338224

RESUMO

To evaluate the influence of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups on the risk of knee OA in terms of their interaction with obesity, in a population from Mexico. Samples were obtained from (n = 353) knee OA patients (KL grade ≥ I) and (n = 364) healthy controls (KL grade = 0) from Mexico city and Torreon (Mexico). Both Caucasian and Amerindian mtDNA haplogroups were assigned by single base extension assay. A set of clinical and demographic variables, including obesity status, were considered to perform appropriate statistical approaches, including chi-square contingency tables, regression models and interaction analyses. To ensure the robustness of the predictive model, a statistical cross-validation strategy of B = 1000 iterations was used. All the analyses were performed using boot, GmAMisc and epiR package from R software v4.0.2 and SPSS software v24. The frequency distribution of the mtDNA haplogroups between OA patients and healthy controls for obese and non-obese groups showed the haplogroup A as significantly over-represented in knee OA patients within the obese group (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.22-4.05; p-value = 0.008). The subsequent logistic regression analysis, including as covariate the interaction between obesity and mtDNA haplogroup A, supported the significant association of this interaction (OR 2.57; 95% CI 1.24-5.32; p-value = 0.011). The statistical cross-validation strategy confirmed the robustness of the regression model. The data presented here indicate a link between obesity in knee OA patients and mtDNA haplogroup A.


Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial , Osteoartrite do Joelho , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Haplótipos , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/genética , Osteoartrite do Joelho/epidemiologia , Osteoartrite do Joelho/genética
9.
Appl Nurs Res ; 63: 151543, 2022 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35034700

RESUMO

AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) development in four indigenous Totonac communities. BACKGROUND: Poverty and low education levels increase the risk of unhealthy lifestyles, leading to a higher incidence of NCDs in indigenous communities. In addition, limited access to health services significantly reduces the opportune screening of risk factors. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study, in which we evaluated the incidence and/or the risk (%) to develop NCDs in adults from indigenous Totonac communities of Puebla State, Mexico. The sample consisted of 255 adults over 20 years old. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's t-test, and Pearson's correlation were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: We found significant differences between communities regarding the risk of diabetes (p < 0.05) and hypertension (p < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in terms of CVD risk (p > 0.05). Men were at higher risk for hypertension and CVD than women (37.8% vs 27.3% and 20.9% vs 12.2%, respectively), whereas women were at a higher risk of diabetes than men based on the FINDRISC score (11.7 vs 9.7, respectively). CONCLUSION: The Zapotitlan community showed a higher risk of developing both diabetes and hypertension compared with the other communities. Men showed higher risks of hypertension and CVD compared with women. Women are at higher risk of diabetes than men.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Corrida , Adulto , Doença Crônica , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
10.
BMC Nurs ; 20(1): 245, 2021 Dec 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34876108

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Empathy is described as a core competence of nursing. There is abundant research evidence supporting that empathy varies according to personal characteristics and targeted training. The aim of this study was to characterize non-academic factors (personal and environmental) influencing the development of empathy in undergraduate nursing studies who are not receiving a targeted training in empathetic abilities in their nursing schools. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in the three nursing schools located in Cusco city, Peru (two private and one public). The Jefferson Scales of Empathy, Attitudes toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration, and Lifelong Learning, the Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults, and the Scale of Life Satisfaction, were applied as the main measures. Also, information regarding gender, nursing school, and age, were collected. After psychometric properties were assessed, all measures were used in the development of a multivariate regression model to characterize factors of influence in empathy. RESULTS: In a sample composed by 700 undergraduate nursing students (72 males and 628 females), a multivariate linear regression model was created. This model explained the 53% of variance of empathy and fitted all conditions necessary for inference estimations. Teamwork abilities, loneliness, age, sex, subjective well-being, and nursing school, appeared as factors influencing the development of empathy in patients' care. CONCLUSIONS: Findings have indicated that, in absence of a targeted training, individual characteristics and characteristics associated with social and family environments play an important role of influence in the development of empathy in nursing students. These findings are also in consonance with others previously reported in different cultural settings including high-, middle- and low-income countries.

11.
Horiz. med. (Impresa) ; 21(3)jul. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506319

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación del nivel de antígeno prostático específico (PSA) plasmático y PSA masa según riesgo de padecer enfermedades prostáticas con el perfil antropométrico. Materiales y métodos: Estudio correlacional, de enfoque cuantitativo de dimensión transversal y retrospectiva. La muestra estuvo constituida por 156 historias clínicas de pacientes varones, con pruebas de PSA y datos antropométricos. Para el análisis de la relación de las variables se utilizó la prueba Rho de Spearman, con un nivel de confianza de 95 %. Resultados: La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 67,85±10,83 años y presentaron un valor medio de PSA de 3,57±7,30 ng/mL. El 9,60 % (15 pacientes) tuvo un riesgo bajo de padecer enfermedades prostáticas (PSA = 4,1-9,90 ng/mL); el 5,10 % (8 individuos) mostró riesgo intermedio (PSA= 10-19,90 ng/mL); y el 3, 80 %(6 pacientes) tuvo un riesgo alto (PSA ≥20 ng/mL). El promedio del índice de masa corporal (IMC) fue 26,37±3,81 kg/m2 : 85 pacientes (54,50 %) tenían sobrepeso; y 18 (11,50 %), obesidad. La media de PSA masa fue14,89±30,50 μg; la superficie corporal (SC) se calculó en 3,93± 2,72 m2; y el volumen plasmático fue 4,18± 0,21 L. Se evidenció una correlación positiva muy baja entre el PSA plasmático y la edad (rho = 0,184; p = 0,022), así como con entre la PSA masa y la edad (rho = 0,176; p = 0,028). Se obtuvo una asociación positiva moderada entre el PSA plasmático y la superficie corporal (SC) (rho = 0,456; p = 0,000); y entre el PSA masa y SC (rho = 0,463; p = 0,000). No se encontró relación entre el IMC y el PSA. Conclusiones: Se evidenció la asociación entre el valor de PSA plasmático y PSA masa con el perfil antropométrico, según el riesgo de padecer enfermedades prostáticas, que fue mayor con la superficie corporal y la edad.


Objective: To determine the association between plasma and mass prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and the anthropometric profile, taking into account the risk of prostate pathologies. Materials and methods: A correlational, quantitative, cross-sectional and retrospective study conducted with a sample of 156 medical records of male patients with PSA tests and anthropometric data. Spearman's Rho with a 95 % confidence level was used to analyze the relationship between the variables. Results: The average age of the patients was 67.85 ± 10.83 years and their mean PSA value was 3.57 ± 7.30 ng/mL. Fifteen (15) patients (9.60 %) had a low risk (PSA = 4.1 - 9.90 ng/mL), eight (5.10 %) a medium risk (PSA = 10 - 19.90 ng/mL) and six (3.80 %) a high risk (PSA ≥ 20 ng/mL) of developing prostate pathologies. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.37 ± 3.81 kg/m2: 85 patients (54.50 %) were overweight and 18 (11.50 %) were obese. The mean mass PSA was 14.89 ± 30.50 μg, the body surface area (BSA) was 3.93 ± 2.72 m2 and the plasma volume was 4.18 ± 0.21 L. A very low positive correlation was evidenced between plasma PSA and age (rho = 0.184; p = 0.022) and between mass PSA and age (rho = 0.176; p = 0.028). There was a moderate positive association between plasma PSA and BSA (rho = 0.456; p = 0.000) and between mass PSA and BSA (rho = 0.463; p = 0.000). No relationship was found between BMI and PSA. Conclusions: The association between plasma and mass PSA levels and the anthropometric profile was demonstrated, taking into account the risk of prostate pathologies, which increased with BSA and age.

12.
Peptides ; 142: 170581, 2021 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34052349

RESUMO

Epidemiological studies have associated long-term exposure to environmental air pollution particulate matter (PM) with the development of diverse health problems. They include infectious respiratory diseases related to the deregulation of some innate immune response mechanisms, such as the host defense peptides' expression. Herein, we evaluated in BALB/c mice the effect of long-standing exposure (60 days) to urban-PM from the south of Mexico City, with aerodynamic diameters below 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and 10 µm (PM10) on the lung's gene expression and production of three host defense peptides (HDPs); murine beta-defensin-3, -4 (mBD-3, mBD-4) and cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP). We also evaluated mRNA levels of Il1b and Il10, two cytokines related to the expression of host defense peptides. Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 differentially induced lung inflammation, being PM2.5, which caused higher inflammation levels, probably associated with a differential deposition on the airways, that facilitate the interaction with alveolar macrophages. Inflammation levels were associated with an early upregulation of the three HDPs assessed and an increment in Il1b mRNA levels. Interestingly, after 28 days of exposure, Il10 mRNA upregulation was observed and was associated with the downregulation of HDPs and Il1b mRNA levels. The upregulation of Il10 mRNA and suppression of HDPs might facilitate microbial colonization and the development of diseases associated with long-term exposure to PM.


Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/toxicidade , Catelicidinas/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Material Particulado/toxicidade , Pneumonia/patologia , beta-Defensinas/metabolismo , Animais , Catelicidinas/genética , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Pneumonia/etiologia , Pneumonia/metabolismo , beta-Defensinas/genética
13.
Curr Top Med Chem ; 21(3): 213-226, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33019932

RESUMO

ENTPDases are enzymes known for hydrolyzing extracellular nucleotides and playing an essential role in controlling the nucleotide signaling via nucleotide/purinergic receptors P2. Moreover, ENTPDases, together with Ecto-5´-nucleotidase activity, affect the adenosine signaling via P1 receptors. These signals control many biological processes, including the immune system. In this context, ATP is considered as a trigger to inflammatory signaling, while adenosine (Ado) induces anti-inflammatory response. The trypanosomatids Leishmania and Trypanosoma cruzi, pathogenic agents of Leishmaniasis and Chagas Disease, respectively, have their own ENTPDases named "TpENTPDases," which can affect the nucleotide signaling, adhesion and infection, in order to favor the parasite. Besides, TpENTPDases are essential for the parasite nutrition, since the Purine De Novo synthesis pathway is absent in them, which makes these pathogens dependent on the intake of purines and nucleopurines for the Salvage Pathway, in which TpENTPDases also take place. Here, we review information regarding TpNTPDases, including their known biological roles and their effect on the purinergic signaling. We also highlight the roles of these enzymes in parasite infection and their biotechnological applications, while pointing to future developments.


Assuntos
Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Biotecnologia , Receptores Purinérgicos/metabolismo , Trypanosomatina/enzimologia , Transdução de Sinais
14.
Front Psychol ; 11: 2046, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33013515

RESUMO

CONTEXT: Family offers an important source of social support where individuals acquire social abilities that are necessary to create positive human relationships. This influence has been discussed by different sociological and psychological theories along the life span of individuals. In medicine, empathy, teamwork, and lifelong learning have been described as specific elements of professionalism that have special importance in the interaction with patients and in physicians' well-being at the workplace. This study was performed with the aim of demonstrating the following hypothesis: In the absence of specific training in empathy and teamwork and lifelong learning abilities, their development in medical students is associated with the students' perception of loneliness from their family environment. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in the only two medical schools of Cusco (Peru), one private and the other public. Jefferson Scales of Empathy, Teamwork, and Lifelong Learning were used as the main measures. Mother-son and father-son relationships and family loneliness were measured to characterize the family environment. In addition, information related to sex, medical school, academic achievements, and place of origin were collected to control possible biases. Comparative, correlation, and multiple regression analyses were performed among the variables studied. RESULTS: In a sample of 818 medical students, differences by school appeared in empathy, teamwork, lifelong learning, and family loneliness. In addition, family loneliness showed an inverse correlation with empathy, teamwork, and learning measures. While having a positive relationship with the mother was associated with a greater development of empathy and learning abilities in the entire sample, a similar effect was observed in father-son relationships, but only in the private medical school group. Finally, in the public medical group, a multiple regression model explained 43% of the variability of empathy based on a lineal relationship with teamwork (p < 0.001), lifelong learning (p < 0.001), and family loneliness (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings confirm how family loneliness is detrimental to the development of medical professionalism. Also, they support the important role that the family, and especially parents, plays in the development of empathy, teamwork, and abilities in medical students. Finally, these findings highlighted important differences among students enrolled in public and private medical schools.

15.
Front Psychol ; 11: 432, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32292364

RESUMO

Introduction: For physicians and nurses, teamwork involves a set of communication and social skills, and specific training in interdisciplinary work in order to be able to work together cooperatively, sharing responsibilities, solving problems, and making decisions to carry out actions centered on patients' care. Recent studies demonstrate that in the absence of targeted interdisciplinary educational programs, the development of teamwork abilities is sensitive to the influence of the dominant work environment. The purpose of this study was to characterize the role that environmental and individual factors play in the development of teamwork in environments with a dominant hierarchical work model. Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to 1,880 undergraduate students (980 medicine students and 900 nursing students) from three universities of Cusco city (Peru). The Jefferson Scale of Attitudes toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration was used as the main variable. The Jefferson Scales of Empathy and Lifelong Learning, the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults, the Scale of Life Satisfaction, sex, discipline, age, and academic semester were used as explanatory variables. After calculating internal reliability and normality of the main measures, descriptive, comparative, and correlation analyses were performed to determine variables influencing the teamwork score. Results: A total of 1,518 (81%) surveys were returned fully completed. Adequate reliability was confirmed in all instruments. In the sample, nursing students showed greater inter-professional collaborative abilities than medicine students (p < 0.001). This attitudinal gap was higher in advanced semesters. A three-way ANOVA indicated differences in teamwork were associated with discipline (p < 0.001), sex (p < 0.01), and university (p < 0.001). However, main effects were associated only with discipline (η p2 = 0.14). Teamwork showed an inverse correlation with loneliness (ρ = -0.28; p < 0.001) and a positive correlation with empathy (ρ = + 0.49; p < 0.001) and lifelong learning (ρ = + 0.48; p < 0.001). Teamwork positively correlated with life satisfaction only in the medicine student group (ρ = + 0.15; p < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings bring new evidence to support the main effect that social environments, in the absence of targeted interdisciplinary educational programs, play in the development of teamwork.

16.
Ginecol. obstet. Méx ; Ginecol. obstet. Méx;88(8): 517-524, ene. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1346225

RESUMO

Resumen OBJETIVO: Identificar la influencia de la lengua dispar (tutunakú y español) entre los mensajes e instrucciones que emite el personal de salud y la de las receptoras de esa información, en particular la dirigida a la práctica de la autoexploración con fines de prevención del cáncer de mama. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, efectuado en mujeres indígenas, mayores de 20 años, a quienes se aplicó un instrumento semiestructurado para la identificación de factores de riesgo y protección de cáncer de mama. Para determinar la asociación de las variables de hablantes de totonakú con el nivel de conocimiento, prevención y riesgo de cáncer de mama se utilizó la prueba de χ2. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 187 mujeres; de las que 109 (58.5%) solo hablaban tutunakú y 78 (41.5%) eran bilingües (tutunakú y español). La edad promedio de las participantes fue de 43.4 años (DE ± 14.8), con límites de 20 y 80 años. En relación con la escolaridad: 93 de 109 (85.5%) de las monolingües eran analfabetas y solo 44 de las 78 (57.1%) mujeres bilingües habían concluido la educación básica. Por lo que se refiere al conocimiento del cáncer de mama, las mujeres monolingües tuvieron menor nivel de conocimiento y menor práctica de la autoexploración; solo 34 de las 78 bilingües practicaban la autoexploración. CONCLUSIÓN: Si bien el riesgo de cáncer de mama no muestra asociación con el hecho de hablar una lengua sí lo tiene, directamente, con la escolaridad, con la capacidad necesaria para comprender instrucciones que permitan la práctica de la autoexploración.


Abstract OBJECTIVE: To identify the influence of the disparate language (tutunaku and Spanish) between the messages and instructions issued by health personnel and those of the recipients of this information, in particular that directed at the practice of self-examination for the purpose of breast cancer prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, carried out on indigenous women over 20 years of age, to whom a semi-structured instrument was applied for the identification of risk factors and protection from breast cancer. To determine the association of Totonaku speakers' variables with the level of knowledge, prevention and risk of breast cancer, the test of 2 was used. RESULTS: A total of 187 women were studied; 109 (58.5%) spoke only tutunaku and 78 (41.5%) were bilingual (tutunaku and Spanish). The average age of participants was 43.4 years (SD 14.8), with limits of 20 and 80 years. With regard to schooling: 93 of 109 (85.5%) of the monolingual women were illiterate and only 44 of 78 (57.1%) of the bilingual women had completed basic education. With regard to knowledge of breast cancer, monolingual women had a lower level of knowledge and less practice of self-examination; only 34 of the 78 bilingual women practiced self-examination. CONCLUSION: Although the risk of breast cancer is not associated with speaking a language, it is directly associated with schooling, with the ability to understand instructions that allow the practice of self-examination.

17.
Acta méd. peru ; 34(2): 90-94, abr. 2017. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-989127

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de plomo en leche materna en puérperas primíparas provenientes de nueve distritos de la ciudad de Lima. Materiales y método: Se realizó un estudio transversal entre octubre de 2010 y agosto de 2012. Se incluyeron 100 muestras de leche materna, de mujeres que vivieron como mínimo cinco años en la misma zona de Lima. El método de análisis fue la espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. Resultados: El 37% de las muestras tuvieron un nivel detectable de plomo, seis de ellos entre 5,0 y 9,9 ng/g y cinco mayores de 10 ng/g. No se identificaron condiciones de riesgo asociados. Conclusión: Se concluye que un porcentaje importante de nuestras muestras de leche materna presentaron contaminación con plomo, particularmente en residentes de la zona norte de Lima


Objective: To determine lead levels in breast milk in primiparous women from nine districts in Lima. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study between October 2010 and August 2012. One-hundred samples of breast milk were included, these were from women who lived for more than 5 years in the same area in Lima. We used the atomic absorption spectrophotometry method for the measurements. Result: Thirty-seven percent of the samples had detectable lead levels, six of them were between 5.0 and 9.9 ng/g and five were over 10 ng/g. We did not identify associated risk factors. Conclusion: An important percentage of samples of breast milk are contaminated with lead, particularly in persons living in northern Lima

18.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 54(2): 170-5, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26960044

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to differentially identify MAC by PCR in patients with AIDS and disseminated mycobacteriosis. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted in Mexico to identify MAC by Molecular Biology. Two sets of primers were synthesized: MAV and MIN, for M. avium and M. intracellulare, respectively. Whole-cell DNAs obtained from 29 clinical isolates and clinical serum specimens from other 24 patients with AIDS and disseminated mycobacterial infection were extracted and amplified by PCR with the MAV and MIN primers. The MAV and MIN primers each amplified one highly specific 1.3-kb segment of the homologous DNA, respectively. RESULTS: Twenty-nine DNAs from MAC clinical isolates identified by Gen-Probe AccuProbes were amplified with the MAV primers. Of the 24 clinical samples, 3 were positive for M. avium and 6 for M. tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that PCR technique could be applied for the differentiation of M. avium and M. intracellulare by specific 16S rRNA primers. In patients with advanced stage AIDS and in whom disseminated mycobacteriosis is suspected, the presence of anemia (even with negative cultures), elevated alkaline phosphatase and a median CD4 count of 15.9/mL, the diagnosis of infection by MAC should be strongly considered; we suggest that in accordance with our findings, a more precise stratification of patients in terms of their CD4 T cell counts is warranted.


Introducción: el objetivo de este artículo es Identificar y diferenciar el complejo MAC por PCR en pacientes con SIDA y micobacteriosis diseminada. Métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal para identificar MAC por biología molecular. Se sintetizaron dos conjuntos de iniciadores: MAV y MIN, para M. avium y M. intracellulare, respectivamente. El ADN total de células obtenidas de 29 aislados clínicos y muestras de suero de otros 24 pacientes con SIDA e infección micobacteriana diseminada fue extraído y se amplificó por PCR con los iniciadores MAV y MIN. Cada uno de los iniciadores MAV y MIN amplificó un segmento altamente específico de 1.3 kb del ADN homólogo, respectivamente. Resultados: veintinueve ADN de los aislados clínicos de MAC identificadas por Gen-Probe AccuProbes se amplificaron con los iniciadores MAV (M. avium). De las 24 muestras clínicas, 3 fueron positivas para M. avium y 6 para M. tuberculosis. Conclusiones: nuestros resultados demostraron que la técnica de PCR se puede aplicar para la diferenciación de M. avium y M. intracellulare por iniciadores específicos 16S rRNA. En pacientes con estadio avanzado de SIDA y en quienes se sospecha micobacteriosis diseminada, la presencia de anemia (incluso con cultivos negativos) fosfatasa alcalina elevada y una mediana de CD4 de 15.9/ml, se debe considerar seriamente el diagnóstico de infección por MAC; sugerimos que, de acuerdo con nuestros resultados, se justifica una estratificación más precisa de los pacientes en términos de sus recuentos de células T CD4.


Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Complexo Mycobacterium avium/genética , Infecção por Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complexo Mycobacterium avium/isolamento & purificação , Infecção por Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare/microbiologia
19.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 30(4): 575-582, oct.-dic. 2013. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-698115

RESUMO

Objetivos. Determinar el patrón de susceptibilidad antibiótica de cepas de Streptococcus pneumoniae aisladas de portadores nasofaríngeos sanos menores de 2 años de siete regiones del Perú. Materiales y métodos. Entre el 2007 y 2009 se tomaron muestras de hisopado nasofaríngeo a 2123 niños sanos entre 2 y 24 meses de edad en los consultorios de crecimiento y desarrollo (CRED) y vacunación de hospitales y centros de salud de Lima, Piura, Cusco, Abancay, Arequipa, Huancayo, e Iquitos. Se determinó la resistencia a diez antibióticos mediante la prueba de disco-difusión de las cepas de neumococo aisladas. Resultados. Se aislaron 572 cepas. Se encontró altas tasas de resistencia a cotrimoxazol (58%); penicilina (52,2% no-sensibles); tetraciclina (29,1%); azitromicina (28,9%), y eritromicina (26,3%). La resistencia a cloranfenicol fue baja (8,8%). Se encontró 29,5% de multirresistencia. La resistencia a la azitromicina y a la penicilina fue diferente en las siete regiones (p<0,05), hallándose el mayor porcentaje de cepas no-sensibles a penicilina en Arequipa (63,6%), mientras que el menor fue en Cusco (23,4%). Conclusiones. Los elevados niveles de resistencia encontrados para penicilina, cotrimoxazol y macrólidos en cepas de neumococo aisladas de portadores sanos en todas las regiones estudiadas, y su asociación con uso previo de antibióticos, representan un importante problema de salud pública en nuestro país. Esto resalta la necesidad de implementar, a nivel nacional, estrategias para disminuir el uso irracional de antibióticos, sobre todo en la población pediátrica. Es necesario complementar los datos de resistencia a penicilina con la determinación de la concentración mínima inhibitoria para hacer las recomendaciones terapéuticas respectivas.


Objectives. To determine the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility of isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains of healthy nasopharyngeal carriers younger than 2 years in seven regions of Peru. Materials and methods. Between 2007 and 2009, nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected among 2123 healthy children aged 2-24 months in growth and development medical practices (CRED) and vaccination offices of hospitals and health centers in Lima, Piura, Cusco, Abancay, Arequipa, Huancayo, and Iquitos. The resistance to ten antibiotics through disk diffusion sensitivity testing of isolated pneumococcus strains was determined. Results. 572 strains were isolated. High rates of resistance to co-trimoxazole (58%), penicillin (52.2% non-sensitive); tetracycline (29,1%); azithromycin (28,9%), and erythromycin (26,3%). Resistance to chloramphenicol was low (8.8%). Multiresistance was found at 29.5%. Resistance to azithromycin and penicillin was different in all seven regions (p<0,05), the highest percentage of non-sensitive strains being found in Arequipa (63,6%), whereas the lowest percentage was found in Cusco (23.4%). Conclusions. High levels of resistance found to penicillin, co-trimoxasole and macrolides in isolated pneumococcus strains of healthy carriers in all studied regions, and their association to a previous use of antibiotics, represent a significant public health problem in our country. This emphasizes the need to implement nationwide strategies to reduce the irrational use of antibiotics, especially among children. It is necessary to complement data of resistance to penicillin with the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration to make proper therapeutic recommendations.


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Nasofaringe/microbiologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Portador Sadio , Estudos Transversais , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Peru
20.
Arch Med Res ; 44(7): 562-9, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24054995

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The prevalence of infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species in patients with immunodeficiencies in Mexico is unknown. The aim of this study was to identify, at the molecular level, the mycobacterial species most frequently affecting patients with immunodeficiencies and evaluate the genotypic diversity of MTB complex strains. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 97 strains in patients with the diagnosis of pulmonary (all isolates were of pathological significance) or extrapulmonary tuberculosis. PCR analysis was performed to determine whether they belonged to the MTB complex (MTC) or the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Noncharacterized NTM were sequenced and, finally, MTC were genotyped by MIRUs-VNTR and spoligotyping. RESULTS: Of the 97 mycobacterial strains isolated, 53% were M. tuberculosis, 10% M. bovis, 24% M. avium, 9% M. simiae, 2% M. kansasii and 2% M. gordonae. A great genetic diversity was found by MIRU-VNTR with the greatest polymorphism in MIRU 10, 16, 23 and 27. By spoligotyping, the predominant family was T1. Combining both methods, the association of 13 strains in four different groups was found. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first molecular analysis of mycobacteria isolated from patients with immunodeficiencies in Mexico, describing the prevalence of different mycobacterial species in this population. A great genetic diversity of MTB strains was identified. This is also the first report in Mexico describing clinically important isolates of M. simiae.


Assuntos
Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/complicações , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/classificação , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/imunologia , Lactente , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Atenção Terciária à Saúde , Tuberculose/microbiologia , Adulto Jovem
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA