Novel Measurement of the Neutron Magnetic Form Factor from A=3 Mirror Nuclei.

The electromagnetic form factors of the proton and neutron encode information on the spatial structure of their charge and magnetization distributions. While measurements of the proton are relatively straightforward, the lack of a free neutron target makes measurements of the neutron's electromagnetic structure more challenging and more sensitive to experimental or model-dependent uncertainties. Various experiments have attempted to extract the neutron form factors from scattering from the neutron in deuterium, with different techniques providing different, and sometimes large, systematic uncertainties. We present results from a novel measurement of the neutron magnetic form factor using quasielastic scattering from the mirror nuclei ^{3}H and ^{3}He, where the nuclear effects are larger than for deuterium but expected to largely cancel in the cross-section ratios. We extracted values of the neutron magnetic form factor for low-to-modest momentum transfer, 0.6

Effects of freezing temperatures on early life stages of native trees of different elevational origin: implications for tree recruitment in seasonally dry mountain forests.

In mountain forests, tree regeneration is limited by increasingly frequent frosts with increasing elevation. We investigated the effects of exposure to freezing temperature on early life stages of two native trees of different elevational origin in a seasonally dry mountain forest. We hypothesized that the negative effects of freezing exposure on performance of early life stages increases as freezing temperature decreases, and that frost resistance increases in plants of high elevational origin. We collected seeds of two tree species (Kageneckia lanceolata and Lithraea molleoides) from populations located at different elevations and grew seedlings and saplings in a greenhouse. Dry seeds, imbibed seeds and 1-month-old seedlings were exposed to seven temperature treatments ranging from 4 °C to -20 °C, while 12-month-old saplings were exposed to four temperature treatments from -8 °C to -20 °C. After freezing exposure in a climate chamber, we monitored seed germination and seedling and sapling survival. Germination of K. lanceolata decreased with decreasing temperature only for imbibed seeds from mid- and high elevations, whereas germination of L. molleoides slightly increased with decreasing temperature only for imbibed seeds from high elevations. For both species, seedling survival decreased with decreasing temperature. For K. lanceolata, the negative effects of freezing temperatures were weaker as elevational origin of seeds increased, whereas L. molleoides showed the opposite pattern. For both species, saplings only survived at the mildest applied freezing temperature (-8 °C). We conclude that effects of climatic variation associated with elevation depend on the study species and life stage. The observed patterns could be caused by maternal effects, which are absent at the sapling stage. Moreover, temperatures below -8 °C can limit recruitment since partial mortality of seedlings and saplings occurred at such values.

Reduced genetic diversity and the success of the invasive peacock bass (Cichliformes: Cichlidae)

Abstract Several species of Cichla successfully colonized lakes and reservoirs of Brazil, since the 1960s, causing serious damage to local wildlife. In this study, 135 peacock bass were collected in a reservoir complex in order to identify if they represented a single dominant species or multiple ones, as several Cichla species have been reported in the basin. Specimens were identified by color pattern, morphometric and meristic data, and using mitochondrial markers COI, 16S rDNA and Control Region (CR). Overlapping morphological data and similar coloration patterns prevented their identification using the taxonomic keys to species identification available in the literature. However, Bayesian and maximum likelihood from sequencing data demonstrated the occurrence of a single species, Cichla kelberi. A single haplotype was observed for the 16S and CR, while three were detected for COI, with a dominant haplotype present in 98.5% of the samples. The extreme low diversity of the transplanted C. kelberi evidenced a limited number of founding maternal lineages. The success of this colonization seems to rely mainly on abiotic factors, such as increased water transparency of lentic environments that favor visual predators that along with the absence of predators, have made C. kelberi a successful invader of these reservoirs.

Resumo Muitas espécies de Cichla colonizaram com sucesso lagos e reservatórios do Brasil desde os anos 1960, causando graves prejuízos à vida selvagem nesses locais. Neste estudo, 135 tucunarés foram coletados em um complexo de reservatórios a fim de identificar se representavam uma espécie dominante ou múltiplas espécies, uma vez que diversas espécies de Cichla foram registradas na bacia. Os espécimes foram identificados com base na coloração, dados morfométricos e merísticos, e por marcadores mitocondriais COI, 16S rDNA e Região Controle (RC). A sobreposição dos dados morfométricos e o padrão similar de coloração impediram a identificação utilizando as chaves de identificação disponíveis na literatura. Entretanto, as análises bayesiana e de máxima verossimilhança de dados moleculares demonstraram a ocorrência de uma única espécie, Cichla kelberi. Um único haplótipo foi observado para o 16S e RC, enquanto três foram detectados para o COI, com um haplótipo dominante presente em 98,5% das amostras. A baixa diversidade nos exemplares introduzidos de C. kelberi evidenciou um número limitado de linhagens maternas fundadoras. O sucesso da invasão parece depender de fatores abióticos, como a maior transparência da água de ambientes lênticos que favorece predadores visuais que, atrelado à ausência de predadores, fez do C. kelberi um invasor bem-sucedido nesses reservatórios.

Reduced genetic diversity and the success of the invasive peacock bass (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) / Diversidade genética reduzida e o sucesso da espécie invasora tucunaré (Cichliformes: Cichlidae)

Abstract Several species of Cichla successfully colonized lakes and reservoirs of Brazil, since the 1960's, causing serious damage to local wildlife. In this study, 135 peacock bass were collected in a reservoir complex in order to identify if they represented a single dominant species or multiple ones, as several Cichla species have been reported in the basin. Specimens were identified by color pattern, morphometric and meristic data, and using mitochondrial markers COI, 16S rDNA and Control Region (CR). Overlapping morphological data and similar coloration patterns prevented their identification using the taxonomic keys to species identification available in the literature. However, Bayesian and maximum likelihood from sequencing data demonstrated the occurrence of a single species, Cichla kelberi. A single haplotype was observed for the 16S and CR, while three were detected for COI, with a dominant haplotype present in 98.5% of the samples. The extreme low diversity of the transplanted C. kelberi evidenced a limited number of founding maternal lineages. The success of this colonization seems to rely mainly on abiotic factors, such as increased water transparency of lentic environments that favor visual predators that along with the absence of predators, have made C. kelberi a successful invader of these reservoirs.

Resumo Muitas espécies de Cichla colonizaram com sucesso lagos e reservatórios do Brasil desde os anos 1960, causando graves prejuízos à vida selvagem nesses locais. Neste estudo, 135 tucunarés foram coletados em um complexo de reservatórios a fim de identificar se representavam uma espécie dominante ou múltiplas espécies, uma vez que diversas espécies de Cichla foram registradas na bacia. Os espécimes foram identificados com base na coloração, dados morfométricos e merísticos, e por marcadores mitocondriais COI, 16S rDNA e Região Controle (RC). A sobreposição dos dados morfométricos e o padrão similar de coloração impediram a identificação utilizando as chaves de identificação disponíveis na literatura. Entretanto, as análises bayesiana e de máxima verossimilhança de dados moleculares demonstraram a ocorrência de uma única espécie, Cichla kelberi. Um único haplótipo foi observado para o 16S e RC, enquanto três foram detectados para o COI, com um haplótipo dominante presente em 98,5% das amostras. A baixa diversidade nos exemplares introduzidos de C. kelberi evidenciou um número limitado de linhagens maternas fundadoras. O sucesso da invasão parece depender de fatores abióticos, como a maior transparência da água de ambientes lênticos que favorece predadores visuais que, atrelado à ausência de predadores, fez do C. kelberi um invasor bem-sucedido nesses reservatórios.

Percepción de la cultura de seguridad del paciente en un área de críticos / Perception of the safety culture in a critical area

Introducción: El área de críticos (AC) es una de las más complejas dentro del sistema hospitalario, se requiere un elevado número de intervenciones e información, por tanto, son susceptibles de padecer más incidentes que comprometan la seguridad del paciente. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de la cultura de seguridad del paciente del equipo asistencial en un área de críticos. Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal, septiembre de 2021, en un AC polivalente con 45 camas, 118 sanitarios (médicos, enfermeras, técnicos en cuidados auxiliares de enfermería). Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, conocimiento del responsable en seguridad del paciente (SP), formación en SP y en el sistema de notificación de incidentes. Se utilizó el cuestionario validado Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture que evalúa 12 dimensiones. Se consideró una dimensión como fortaleza con ≥ 75% respuestas positivas y debilidad con ≥ 50% respuestas negativas. Estadística descriptiva y análisis bivariante: prueba de χ2 y t de Student, y ANOVA. Significación estadística p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Se recogieron 94 cuestionarios (79,7% muestra). La valoración del grado de SP fue 7,1 (1,2) sobre 10. El personal polivalente la puntuó con 6,9 (1,2) vs. 7,8 (0,9) del personal sin rotación (p = 0,04); 54,3% (n = 51) conocía el procedimiento para notificar un incidente, de los cuales, 53% (n = 27) no notificó ninguno en el último año. Ninguna dimensión alcanzó grado de fortaleza. Fueron detectadas como debilidad: percepción de seguridad: 57,7% (IC 95%: 52,7-62,6), dotación de personal: 81,7% (IC 95%: 77,4-85,2) y apoyo de gerencia: 69,9% (IC 95%: 64,3-74,9)...(AU)

Introduction: Critical Care Area (CCA) is one of the most complex in the hospital system, requiring a high number of interventions and handling of amounts of information. Therefore, these areas are likely to experience more incidents that compromise patient safety (PS). Aim: To determine the perception of the healthcare team in a critical care area about the patient safety culture. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study, September 2021, in a polyvalent CCA with 45 beds, 118 health workers (physicians, nurses, auxiliary nursing care technicians). Sociodemographic variables, knowledge of the person in charge in PS and their general training in PS and incident notification system were collected. The validated Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire, measuring 12 dimensions was used. Positive responses with an average score ≥75%, were defined as an area of strength while ≥50% negative responses were defined as an area of weakness. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis: χ2 and t-Student tests, and ANOVA. Significance p ≤ 0.05. Results: 94 questionnaires were collected (79.7% sample). The PS score was 7.1 (1.2) range 1-10. The rotational staff scored the PS with 6.9 (1.2) compared to 7.8 (0.9) for non-rotational staff (p = 0.04). A 54.3% (n = 51) was familiar with the incident reporting procedure, 53% (n = 27) of which had not reported any in the last year. No dimension was defined as strength.There were three dimensions that behaved like a weakness: security perception: 57.7% (95% CI: 52.7-62.6), staffing: 81.7% (95% CI: 77.4-85.2) and management support: 69 .9% (95% CI: 64.3-74.9)...(AU)

Physiology and production of sugar-apple under water stress and application of proline.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiology and production of sugar-apple as a function of irrigation intervals and foliar application of proline under the conditions of Paraíba's semi-arid region. A randomized block design was laid out in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with treatments resulting from the combination of four irrigation intervals (1, 4, 8 and 12 days) and two concentrations of proline (0 and 10 mM), with four replicates, and the plot consisted of four usable plants. Increase in irrigation intervals reduced the gas exchange of sugar-apple plants at 298 days after transplanting. Exogenous application of proline at concentration of 10 mM increased contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids and fruit fresh mass in plants grown under 12-day irrigation intervals.

Perception of the safety culture in a critical area.

INTRODUCTION: Critical care Area (CCA) is one of the most complex in the hospital system, requiring a high number of interventions and handling of amounts of information. Therefore, these areas are likely to experience more incidents that compromise patient safety (PS). AIM: To determine the perception of the healthcare team in a critical care area about the patient safety culture. METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive study, September 2021, in a polyvalent CCA with 45 beds, 118 health workers (physicians, nurses, auxiliary nursing care technicians). Sociodemographic variables, knowledge of the person in charge in PS and their general training in PS and incident notification system were collected. The validated Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire, measuring 12 dimensions was used. Positive responses with an average score ≥75%, were defined as an area of strength while ≥50% negative responses were defined as an area of weakness. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis: X2 and t-Student tests, and ANOVA. Significance p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: 94 questionnaires were collected (79.7% sample). The PS score was 7.1 (1.2) range 1-10. The rotational staff scored the PS with 6.9 (1.2) compared to 7.8 (0.9) for non-rotational staff (p = 0.04). A 54.3% (n = 51) was familiar with the incident reporting procedure, 53% (n = 27) of which had not reported any in the last year. No dimension was defined as strength. There were three dimensions that behaved like a weakness: security perception: 57.7% (95% CI: 52.7-62.6), staffing: 81.7% (95% CI: 77.4-85.2) and management support: 69 .9% (95% CI: 64.3-74.9). CONCLUSIONS: The assessment of PS in the CCA is moderately high, although the rotational staff has a lower appreciation. Half of the staff do not know the procedure for reporting an incident. The notification rate is low. The weaknesses detected are perception of security, staffing and management support. The analysis of the patient safety culture can be useful to implement improvement measures.

Mineral composition and production of guava under salt stress and salicylic acid.

The limitation in the quality of water sources for irrigation in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil is increasingly present, so it is necessary to use water with high concentrations of salts for agricultural production, which makes the use of elicitors essential to mitigate the harmful effects of salinity on plants. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid on the mineral composition and production of guava plants under salt stress conditions in the post-grafting phase. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, in a randomized block design, in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme, with two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.6 and 3.2 dS m-1) and four concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 mM), with three replicates. During the flowering stage of guava, N, P, and K contents accumulated in the leaves according to the following order of concentration: N > K > P. Foliar application of 1.2 mM of salicylic acid increases the leaf contents of N, P, and K in guava plants grown under irrigation with water of 0.6 dS m-1. Water salinity of 3.2 dS m-1 reduces the growth and production components of guava plants.

Quartz crystal Microbalance with dissipation monitoring for biomedical applications: Open source and low cost prototype with active temperature control.

Advances in sensors have revolutionized the biomedical engineering field, having an extreme affinity for specific analytes also providing an effective, real-time, point-of-care testing for an accurate diagnosis. Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) is a well-established sensor that has been successfully applied in a broad range of applications to monitor and explore various surface interactions, in situ thin-film formations, and layer properties. This technology has gained interest in biomedical applications since novel QCM systems are able to work in liquid media. QCM with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) is an expanded version of a QCM that measures changes in damping properties of adsorbed layers thus providing information on its viscoelastic nature. In this article, an open source and low cost QCM-D prototype for biomedical applications was developed. In addition, the system was validated using different Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) concentrations due to its importance for many medical applications. The statistics show a bigger dissipation of the system as the fluid becomes more viscous, also having a very acceptable sensibility when temperature is controlled.

Integrating EM and Patch-seq data: Synaptic connectivity and target specificity of predicted Sst transcriptomic types.

Neural circuit function is shaped both by the cell types that comprise the circuit and the connections between those cell types 1 . Neural cell types have previously been defined by morphology 2, 3 , electrophysiology 4, 5 , transcriptomic expression 6-8 , connectivity 9-13 , or even a combination of such modalities 14-16 . More recently, the Patch-seq technique has enabled the characterization of morphology (M), electrophysiology (E), and transcriptomic (T) properties from individual cells 17-20 . Using this technique, these properties were integrated to define 28, inhibitory multimodal, MET-types in mouse primary visual cortex 21 . It is unknown how these MET-types connect within the broader cortical circuitry however. Here we show that we can predict the MET-type identity of inhibitory cells within a large-scale electron microscopy (EM) dataset and these MET-types have distinct ultrastructural features and synapse connectivity patterns. We found that EM Martinotti cells, a well defined morphological cell type 22, 23 known to be Somatostatin positive (Sst+) 24, 25 , were successfully predicted to belong to Sst+ MET-types. Each identified MET-type had distinct axon myelination patterns and synapsed onto specific excitatory targets. Our results demonstrate that morphological features can be used to link cell type identities across imaging modalities, which enables further comparison of connectivity in relation to transcriptomic or electrophysiological properties. Furthermore, our results show that MET-types have distinct connectivity patterns, supporting the use of MET-types and connectivity to meaningfully define cell types.

Diabetes mellitus: Lessons from COVID-19 for monkeypox infection.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is known to be linked to malfunctioning antiviral defense; however, its association with the severity of monkeypox is poorly understood. In this review, we discuss key immunological mechanisms in the antiviral response affected by poor glucose control that could impact the susceptibility and severity of monkeypox infection, leading to a heightened emphasis on the use of the available antidiabetic drugs. METHODS: We searched PubMed and Google scholar for articles published from January 1985 to August 2022. No criteria for publication data were set, and all articles in English were included. RESULTS: Currently, there are no studies about the risk or consequences of monkeypox infection in the diabetic population. A high incidence of diabetes is reported in countries such as China, India, Pakistan, EUA, Indonesia, Brazil, Mexico, Bangladesh, Japan, and Egypt, where unfortunately imported cases of monkeypox have been reported and the infection continues to spread. CONCLUSIONS: High incidence of diabetes together with the cessation of smallpox vaccination has left large numbers of the human population unprotected against monkeypox. The best option for the population remains confined to the prevention of infection as well as the use of hypoglycemic agents that have also been shown to improve immune mechanisms associated with viral protection.

Tb3+-Tb3+ cross-relaxation study under novel experimental technique: Simultaneous laser excitation at UV-Vis.

Tb3+ doped GeO2-Na2O glasses have been fabricated by conventional melt quenching technique using 0.3, 1, 3, and 5 %mol of terbium ions. The optical properties were studied by means of steady-state photoluminescence (excitation and emission spectra), and emission decay time. Under excitation of 355 nm and as the concentration of dopant increases, the glasses show an enhancement of the emission intensity from 5D4 level accompanied by a decrease on the emission intensity from 5D3 level. This phenomenon can be attributed to an energy transfer process that occurs through cross-relaxation mechanisms between Tb3+ ions. The aim of this study is to report an experimental technique to study the cross-relaxation of 5D3 level decay curves of Tb3+ ions under simultaneous temporal and spatial pulsed excitation using UV and visible light (355 nm + 488 nm), allowing to limit the occurrence of cross-relaxation mechanisms and increase luminescent efficiency. Upon simultaneous UV + Vis excitation, the emission from 5D3 level in enhanced, as the energy of the 488 nm pulse is increased. Additionally, the energy transfer efficiency between Tb3+ ions was analyzed with the Inokuti-Hirayama (IH) model, as function of the excitation pulse energy at 488 nm, keeping fixed the energy of the 355 nm pulse, determining a dipole-dipole interaction as the dominant interaction mechanism.

Dual effect of the presence of fruits on leaf gas exchange and water relations of olive trees.

The presence of fruits provokes significant modifications in plant water relations and leaf gas exchange. The underlying processes driving these modifications are still uncertain and likely depend on the water deficit level. Our objective was to explain and track the modification of leaf-water relations by the presence of fruits and water deficit. With this aim, net photosynthesis rate (AN), stomatal conductance (gs), leaf osmotic potential (Ψπ), leaf soluble sugars and daily changes in a variable related to leaf turgor (leaf patch pressure) were measured in olive trees with and without fruits at the same time, under well-watered (WW) and water stress (WS) conditions. Leaf gas exchange was increased by the presence of fruits, this effect being observed mainly in WW trees, likely because under severe water stress, the dominant process is the response of the plant to the water stress and the presence of fruits has less impact on the leaf gas exchange. Ψπ was also higher for WW trees with fruits than for WW trees without fruits. Moreover, leaves from trees without fruits presented higher concentrations of soluble sugars and starch than leaves from trees with fruits for both WW and WS, these differences matching those found in Ψπ. Thus, the sugar accumulation would have had a dual effect because on one hand, it decreased Ψπ, and on the other hand, it would have downregulated AN, and finally gs in WW trees. Interestingly, the modification of Ψπ by the presence of fruits affected turgor in WW trees, the change in which can be identified with leaf turgor sensors. We conclude that plant water relationships and leaf gas exchange are modified by the presence of fruits through their effect on the export of sugars from leaves to fruits. The possibility of automatically identifying the onset of sugar demand by the fruit through the use of sensors, in addition to the water stress produced by soil water deficit and atmosphere drought, could be of great help for fruit orchard management in the future.

Método para establecer la reserva funcional de la velocidad de marcha en una muestra de adultas mayores autosuficientes chilenas: la relevancia del estímulo / Method to establish the functional reserve of gait speed in a sample of self-reliant older Chilean women: The relevance of the stimulus

Antecedentes y objetivo: El envejecimiento como proceso complejo y multifactorial involucra cambios multisistémicos asociados al rendimiento físico con pérdida de funcionalidad, tal como la velocidad de marcha y su reserva. El estudio estableció el método que mejor evidencia la reserva funcional de velocidad de marcha (RFVM) según la incorporación de estímulos en mujeres adultas mayores (AM). Material y método: Estudio observacional analítico con muestra conformada por 30AM de entre 65-69años, autosuficientes sin riesgo, normopeso y sin sospecha de depresión, controladas en Centro Comunitario de Salud Familiar y Centro de Salud Familiar de Talca. La velocidad de marcha (VM) fue medida a través de tres métodos: M1 (marcha habitual), M2 (marcha máxima) y M3 (marcha máxima con estímulos), para posteriormente calcular la RFVM en las AM. El ejercicio se ejecutó en una pista de 10m que incluía 2m de aceleración, 2m de desaceleración y 6m centrales para medir el tiempo en segundos que demoraba en recorrerlos. Resultados: Las medias de velocidades de la muestra en los métodos habitual, máxima y máxima con estímulo fueron de 1,17, 1,38 y 1,57m/s, respectivamente; las reservas funcionales (RF) resultantes entre las diferencias de los métodos fueron: RF-A (M2−M1) 0,26m/s; RF-B (M3−M1) 0,45m/s y RF-C (M2−M3) 0,19m/s; para la mayoría de los casos y según orden correspondiente, las diferencias estadísticas fueron significativas. Conclusión: El método que mejor evidenció la RFVM fue a través de las diferencias de medias entre M3 y M1, siendo una forma objetiva de verificar esta dimensión del movimiento humano como expresión de funcionalidad de las AM. (AU)

Background and objective: Aging as a complex and multifactorial process involves multisystemic changes associated with physical performance with loss of functionality such as walking speed and reserve. The study established the method that best evidences the functional reserve (FR) of walking speed (FRWS) according to the incorporation of stimuli in older adults (OAs). Material and method: Analytical observational study with a sample made up of 30OAs between 65 and 69years, self-administered without risk, normal weight and without suspicion of depression, controlled in Centro Comunitario de Salud Familiar and Centro de Salud Familiar of Talca. The walking speed (WS) was measured by three methods: M1 (usual gait), M2 (maximum gait) and M3 (maximum gait with stimuli); to later calculate the FRWS in the AO, executed on a 10m track that included 2m acceleration, 2m deceleration and 6m centrals to measure the time in seconds it took to travel them. Results: The mean velocities of the sample in the usual, maximum and maximum stimulated methods were 1.17, 1.38 and 1.57m/s respectively; the resulting FRs between the method differences: FR-A (M2−M1) 0.26m/s; FR-B (M3−M1) 0.45m/s and FR-C (M2−M3) 0.19m/s, for most of the cases and according to the corresponding order, the statistical differences were significant. Conclusion: The method that best evidenced the FRWS was through the differences in means between M3 and M1, being an objective way to verify this dimension of human movement as an expression of OA functionality. (AU)

Revealing the short-range structure of the mirror nuclei 3H and 3He.

When protons and neutrons (nucleons) are bound into atomic nuclei, they are close enough to feel significant attraction, or repulsion, from the strong, short-distance part of the nucleon-nucleon interaction. These strong interactions lead to hard collisions between nucleons, generating pairs of highly energetic nucleons referred to as short-range correlations (SRCs). SRCs are an important but relatively poorly understood part of nuclear structure1-3, and mapping out the strength and the isospin structure (neutron-proton (np) versus proton-proton (pp) pairs) of these virtual excitations is thus critical input for modelling a range of nuclear, particle and astrophysics measurements3-5. Two-nucleon knockout or 'triple coincidence' reactions have been used to measure the relative contribution of np-SRCs and pp-SRCs by knocking out a proton from the SRC and detecting its partner nucleon (proton or neutron). These measurements6-8 have shown that SRCs are almost exclusively np pairs, but they had limited statistics and required large model-dependent final-state interaction corrections. Here we report on measurements using inclusive scattering from the mirror nuclei hydrogen-3 and helium-3 to extract the np/pp ratio of SRCs in systems with a mass number of three. We obtain a measure of the np/pp SRC ratio that is an order of magnitude more precise than previous experiments, and find a marked deviation from the near-total np dominance observed in heavy nuclei. This result implies an unexpected structure in the high-momentum wavefunction for hydrogen-3 and helium-3. Understanding these results will improve our understanding of the short-range part of the nucleon-nucleon interaction.

Clinical, environmental, and molecular factors associated to the occurrence and persistence of posttraumatic stress disorder after an earthquake.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and disabling condition with high incidence after an earthquake. The objective of the present study was to identify risk factors associated with the occurrence and persistence of PTSD. Individuals (18-65 years old) who experienced the earthquake of September 19th, 2017, attended the National Institute of Psychiatry (INPRFM) between October and November 2017 (baseline n = 68). Participants were followed 4-6 (first follow-up, n = 40) and 7-9 (second follow-up n = 41) months after the earthquake. Delay returning to normal activities, a negative emotional valence to a previous earthquake, comorbidity with depression, history of childhood maltreatment, and low expression of Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) were associated with PTSD in the basal assessment. The earthquake-related variable associated with the persistence of PTSD at the second follow-up was that the earthquake had directly affected the participants, either because they were evicted, had damage to their homes, or suffered some injury. Comorbidity with dysthymia, history of childhood maltreatment, and higher severity of PTSD in the basal assessment were associated with persistent PTSD in the second follow-up. The lower expression of the FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) in participants with persistent PTSD in the second follow-up was better explained by childhood physical abuse than with PTSD severity. These findings suggest that acute exposure to earthquake-related stressful situations is relevant for the initial risk of PTSD, while potential long-term stressful conditions are associated with its persistence. Likewise, molecular markers associated with hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal-axis dysregulation were differentially associated with PTSD diagnosis at the different assessment times.

Apparent regional differences in the spectrum of BARD1 pathogenic variants in Spanish population and importance of copy number variants.

Only up to 25% of the cases in which there is a familial aggregation of breast and/or ovarian cancer are explained by germline mutations in the well-known BRCA1 and BRCA2 high-risk genes. Recently, the BRCA1-associated ring domain (BARD1), that partners BRCA1 in DNA repair, has been confirmed as a moderate-risk breast cancer susceptibility gene. Taking advantage of next-generation sequencing techniques, and with the purpose of defining the whole spectrum of possible pathogenic variants (PVs) in this gene, here we have performed a comprehensive mutational analysis of BARD1 in a cohort of 1946 Spanish patients who fulfilled criteria to be tested for germline pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. We identified 22 different rare germline variants, being 5 of them clearly pathogenic or likely pathogenic large deletions, which account for 0.26% of the patients tested. Our results show that the prevalence and spectrum of mutations in the BARD1 gene might vary between different regions of Spain and expose the relevance to test for copy number variations.

Measurement of the Nucleon F_{2}

The ratio of the nucleon F_{2} structure functions, F_{2}^{n}/F_{2}^{p}, is determined by the MARATHON experiment from measurements of deep inelastic scattering of electrons from ^{3}H and ^{3}He nuclei. The experiment was performed in the Hall A Facility of Jefferson Lab using two high-resolution spectrometers for electron detection, and a cryogenic target system which included a low-activity tritium cell. The data analysis used a novel technique exploiting the mirror symmetry of the two nuclei, which essentially eliminates many theoretical uncertainties in the extraction of the ratio. The results, which cover the Bjorken scaling variable range 0.19

New Epidemiological Outcomes in Anthropophilic tinea capitis, a Case Series Study in Northwestern Spain. / [Artículo traducido] Nuevos hallazgos epidemiológicos en la tinea capitis antropófila, un estudio de una serie de casos en el noroeste de España.

Although zoophilic dermatophytes remain the predominant cause of tinea capitis in Spain, an increase due to anthropophilic species has been reported. We report a retrospective observational study that included 24 children, who were diagnosed with tinea capitis due to anthropophilic species between 2004 and 2019. 75% of the patients were males with a mean age of 4,88 years. We observed 83,3% of cases from Africa, 4,2% from South America and 12,5% from Spain. Clinically, 70,8% of the patients presented scaly patches and non-scaring alopecia. Trichophyton soudanense was the main dermatophyte of the series (45,8%), followed by Microsporum audouinii (20,8%), Trichophyton tonsurans (12,5%) and Trichophyton violaceum (12,5%). Although this pattern of infection appears to be linked to immigration from Africa, we saw three native cases. The easier transmission of anthropophilic rather than zoophilic dermatophytes could predict a rise in the incidence of tinea capitis and a public health problem.

New Epidemiological Outcomes in Anthropophilic tinea capitis, a Case Series Study in Northwestern Spain.

Although zoophilic dermatophytes remain the predominant cause of tinea capitis in Spain, an increase due to anthropophilic species has been reported. We report a retrospective observational study that included twenty-four children, who were diagnosed with tinea capitis due to anthropophilic species between 2004 and 2019. 75% of the patients were males with a mean age of 4,88 years. We observed 83,3% of cases from Africa, 4,2% from South America and 12,5% from Spain. Clinically, 70,8% of the patients presented scaly patches and non-scaring alopecia. Trichophyton soudanense was the main dermatophyte of the series (45,8%), followed by Microsporum audouinii (20,8%), Trichophyton tonsurans (12,5%) and Trichophyton violaceum (12,5%). Although this pattern of infection appears to be linked to immigration from Africa, we saw three native cases. The easier transmission of anthropophilic rather than zoophilic dermatophytes could predict a rise in the incidence of tinea capitis and a public health problem.