A new cave-dwelling species of Charinus (Amblypygi: Charinidae) from northern Brazil.

We present the description and illustration of a new species within the genus Charinus Simon, 1892, discovered in a cave located in the state of Tocantins, situated in the northern region of Brazil. Charinus tocantinensis sp. nov., can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of distinctive characters: pedipalp femur with four dorsal spines and four ventral spines; well-developed median eyes and median ocular tubercle; female gonopods sucker-like, slightly longer than wide, opening rounded and margins with fold with each a small posterior slit; cheliceral claw with ten denticles. In addition to the species description, we have included a key for identifying Charinus species in Brazil, along with a distribution map that highlights the known species in the country. This newly described species marks the first formal documentation of a Charinus species within the state of Tocantins. With the addition of this species, the global tally of recognized Charinus species now stands at 98, and Brazil, in particular, is home to a total of 44 formally described species within this genus.

Identificación de manifestaciones tempranas de enfermedad de addison en consulta odontológica. reporte de caso / Identification of early manifestations of Addison's disease in dental practice. Case report

La enfermedad de Addison es un trastorno raro que afecta progresivamente a las glándulas suprarrenales. La etiología es variada siendo su principal causa autoinmune, el diagnóstico se obtiene mediante valores de laboratorio y exploración clínica. Se expone el caso de paciente femenino que en consulta presentó un evento sincopal, en la revisión clínica se observó pigmentación de mucosas orales y uñas de manos y pies; los valores de laboratorio mostraron: ACTH elevada, cortisol disminuido y alteraciones de electrolitos, confirmándose Enfermedad de Addison. Un diagnóstico oportuno evita complicaciones mortales en quien la padece.

Addison's disease is a rare disorder that progressively affects the adrenal glands. The etiology is varied, being its main autoimmune cause, the diagnosis is obtained through laboratory values and clinical examination. The case of a female patient who presented a syncopal event in the consultation is exposed. In the clinical review, pigmentation of the oral mucosa and fingernails and toenails was observed; Laboratory values showed: elevated ACTH, decreased cortisol and electrolyte disturbances, confirming Addison's disease. A timely diagnosis prevents fatal complications in those who suffer from it.

Síndrome del incisivo central maxilar único: reporte de caso

El síndrome del incisivo central maxilar único es una rara alteración en el desarrollo y formación de órganos ubicados principalmente en la línea media; el cual ocurre de manera temprana entre los días 35 al 38 de vida intrauterina. Su etiología es desconocida, aunque se ha asociado a deleciones de los cromosomas 7 (7q.36.1) y 8, y a mutaciones en el gen Sonic Hedgehog. Presenta una prevalencia de 1/50.000 nacidos vivos y aunque es una anomalía poco frecuente del desarrollo craneofacial, su diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano son importantes para los odontólogos generales o especialistas ya que puede ser un signo de otras anomalías congénitas o del desarrollo graves. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este caso es reportar la fase inicial de tratamiento en un niño con el síndrome de incisivo central maxilar único quien no había sido diagnosticado anteriormente con este síndrome. Caso Clínico: Paciente masculino de 10 años de edad, procedente de Jamundí, Valle del Cauca- Colombia. Reporta ausencia de órgano dentario superior. En el examen intraoral se observa un incisivo central único sobre la línea media del maxilar, ausencia de frenillo labial y papila incisiva, paladar oval y retrognatismo mandibular. Fue tratado en una primera fase con ortopedia funcional maxilar para mejorar la clase II y está a la espera de iniciar la segunda fase de tratamiento con ortodoncia. Conclusiones: El síndrome de incisivo central maxilar único es un síndrome poco frecuente el cual conlleva múltiples afecciones que interfieren en el normal desarrollo y crecimiento de estructuras anatómicas.

A síndrome do incisivo central superior único é uma alteração rara no desenvolvimento e formação de órgãos localizados principalmente na linha média; que ocorre precocemente entre os dias 35 a 38 de vida intrauterina. Sua etiologia é desconhecida, embora tenha sido associada a deleções dos cromossomos 7 (7q.36.1) e 8, e mutações no gene Sonic Hedgehog. Tem uma prevalência de 1/50.000 nascidos vivos e, embora seja uma anomalia rara do desenvolvimento craniofacial, seu diagnóstico e tratamento precoces são importantes para dentistas gerais ou especialistas, pois pode ser sinal de outras anomalias congênitas ou de desenvolvimento graves. Portanto, o objetivo deste caso é relatar a fase inicial do tratamento em uma criança com síndrome do incisivo central superior único que não havia sido previamente diagnosticada com essa síndrome. Caso clínico: Paciente do sexo masculino, 10 anos, procedente de Jamundí, Valle del Cauca- Colômbia. Relata ausência de órgão dentário superior. O exame intraoral mostra um único incisivo central na linha média maxilar, ausência de frênulo labial e papila incisiva, palato oval e retrognatismo mandibular. Foi tratado numa primeira fase com ortopedia funcional maxilar para melhorar a classe II e aguarda para iniciar a segunda fase do tratamento ortodôntico. Conclusões: A síndrome do incisivo central superior único é uma síndrome rara que envolve múltiplas condições que interferem no desenvolvimento e crescimento normal das estruturas anatômicas.

Solitary maxillary central incisor syndrome is a rare alteration in the development and formation of organs located mainly in the midline; which occurs early between days 35 to 38 of intrauterine life. Its etiology is unknown, although it has been associated with deletions of chromosomes 7 (7q.36.1) and 8, and mutations in the Sonic Hedgehog gene. It has a prevalence of 1/50,000 live births and although it is a rare anomaly of craniofacial development, its early diagnosis and treatment are important for general dentists or specialists since it can be a sign of other serious congenital or developmental anomalies. Therefore, the objective of this case is to report the initial phase of treatment in a child with solitary maxillary central incisor syndrome who had not been previously diagnosed with this syndrome. Clinical case: Male patient, 10 years old, from Jamundí, Valle del Cauca- Colombia. Reports absence of upper dental organ. Intraoral examination shows a solitary central incisor on the maxillary midline, absence of labial frenulum and incisive papilla, oval palate and mandibular retrognathism. He was treated in a first phase with maxillary functional orthopedics to improve class II and is waiting to start the second phase of orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: Solitary maxillary central incisor syndrome is a rare syndrome which involves multiple conditions that interfere with the normal development and growth of anatomical structures.

The flattie spiders of the Selenops isopodus/ species group (Araneae: Selenopidae) with a review of Selenops/ records from Colombia.

Here we examine the species of the Selenops isopodus species group: S. isopodus Mello-Leitão, 1941, S. arikok Crews, 2011, and S. curazao Alayón, 2001. We describe the female and male of S. bullerengue sp. nov. from Colombia and synonymize S. marilus Corronca, 1998a with S. isopodus, providing diagnoses and complete descriptions of both sexes of S. isopodus. Detailed images and a key to species in the group are provided. The distribution of all selenopid species in Colombia is reviewed using published records, museum specimens, and citizen science data from inaturalist.org.

Unique Cholangiocyte-Targeted IgM Autoantibodies Correlate With Poor Outcome in Biliary Atresia.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The etiology of biliary atresia (BA) is not known and is likely multifactorial, including a genetic predisposition, a viral or environmental trigger, an aberrant autoimmune response targeting cholangiocytes, and unique susceptibilities of the neonatal bile ducts to injury. Damaged cholangiocytes may express neo self-antigens and elicit autoreactive T-cell-mediated inflammation and B-cell production of autoantibodies. The aim of this study was to discover autoantibodies in BA that correlated with outcomes. APPROACH AND RESULTS: An autoantigen microarray encompassing approximately 9,500 autoantigens was used to screen for serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies in patients with BA or other liver disease controls. Validation of candidate autoantibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on a second cohort of subjects (6-12 months following Kasai portoenterostomy) and correlations of autoantibodies with outcomes were performed (serum bilirubin levels and need for liver transplant in first 2 years of life). Mean anti-chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), anti-delta-like ligand (DLL-4), and antisurfactant protein D (SFTPD) IgM autoantibodies in BA were significantly higher compared with controls, and IgM autoantibody levels positively correlated with worse outcomes. Immunofluorescence revealed cholangiocyte-predominant expression of CHI3L1, DLL-4, and SFTPD. The humoral autoantibody response was associated with C3d complement activation and T-cell autoimmunity, based on detection of cholangiocyte-predominant C3d co-staining and peripheral blood autoreactive T cells specific to CHI3L1, DLL-4 and SFTPD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: BA is associated with cholangiocyte-predominant IgM autoantibodies in the first year after Kasai portoenterostomy. Anti-CHI3L1, anti-DLL-4, and anti-SFTPD IgM autoantibody correlations with worse outcomes and the detection of C3d on cholangioctyes and antigen-specific autoreactive T cells suggest that autoimmunity plays a role in the ongoing bile duct injury and progression of disease.

Six new species of the spider genus Centroctenus Mello-Leitão from the Neotropical region (Ctenidae, Cteninae).

The species of the genus Centroctenus can be distinguished from other Ctenidae genera by the presence of a long tibiae and the absence of a retrolateral projection of the cymbium in the male palp, and by the presence of a rounded spermathecae in the female epigynum. The composition of this spider genus is herein expanded to eleven Neotropical species, with the description of six new species: Centroctenus dourados sp. n., C. claudia sp. n., C. chalkidisi sp. n., and C. varzea sp. n., from Brazil; and Centroctenus coloso sp. n. from Colombia and Centroctenus alinahui sp. n. from Ecuador. A map with the distribution of all known species in the genus is presented.

Calving date and its variability as a potential trait in the breeding objective to account for reproductive seasonality in alpacas.

The low fertility and offspring survival indicators in alpacas can be partially due to their particularity seasonal reproduction that reduces the opportunities of the females to become pregnant within a season, with the survival of the offspring concerned by the availability of food and exposure to diseases that depends on the calving date. Optimizing the date of delivery and reducing its variability are shown as eligible criteria that could be used as selection criteria within the genetic improvement programmes in alpacas, the calving date being a much more appropriate trait to measure and optimize fertility unlike of age at first calving and the calving interval, this due to the reproductive seasonality in camelids. For this study, 6,533 birth date records were taken between 2001 and 2018 of Peruvian alpacas, to estimate the genetic parameters. Models assuming heterogeneity in the residuals were fitted besides classical homogeneous models to address, not only the possibility of forwarding or delaying the calving date, but also the trend to have parturitions in similar dates. The heritability and repeatability ranged from 0.07 to 0.20 for a homogeneity model and from 0.08 to 0.23 for a heterogeneity model, and suggest the possibility of advancing or delaying the calving date. It should be taken into account that the gestation length of camelids makes it difficult to adapt many reproductive traits, and trying to centre the calving date could delay it. It was concluded the feasibility to genetically select the calving date, also in the production of camels and dromedaries, which have the same reproductive characteristics as alpacas. This selection can be combined with other traits. The heterogeneity model was shown to provide a better fit.

Six new species of the spider genus Centroctenus Mello-Leitão from the Neotropical region (Ctenidae, Cteninae)

The species of the genus Centroctenus can be distinguished from other Ctenidae genera by the presence of a long tibiae and the absence of a retrolateral projection of the cymbium in the male palp, and by the presence of a rounded spermathecae in the female epigynum. The composition of this spider genus is herein expanded to eleven Neotropical species, with the description of six new species: Centroctenus dourados sp. n., C. claudia sp. n., C. chalkidisi sp. n., and C. varzea sp. n., from Brazil; and Centroctenus coloso sp. n. from Colombia and Centroctenus alinahui sp. n. from Ecuador. A map with the distribution of all known species in the genus is presented.

Impacto de la COVID-19 en la salud mental de los profesionales en odontología, como personal de alto riesgo de contagio / Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of the dentistry as a high-risk staff

Objetivo:se propone identificar la existencia de ansiedad en odontólogos causada por la COVID-19 en Ecuador, dentro de un período comprendido desde el 20 de mayo al 15 de junio del 2020. Métodos:se realizaron encuestas online basadas en la versión validada en español de Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS),Escala de Ansiedad de Hamilton, compuesta por 14 ítems y dirigida a odontólogos ecuatorianos. La participación en este estudio fue de carácter anónimo y voluntario, con el fin de salvaguardar la identidad de los encuestados. Los criterios de clasificación fueron: asintomático: 0 a 7; ansiedad mínima de 8 a 13; ansiedad moderada de 14 a 21; ansiedad obvia de 22 a 29; ansiedad severa mayor de 29. Resultados:se recibió un total de 254 encuestas correctamente diligenciadas,de las cuales participaron 188 mujeres (74%) y 66 hombres (26%); la edad máxima fue 66 y la edad mínima 22 años, con una edad promedio de 34. Del total de participantes se encontraban ejerciendo la práctica privada 189 (74,4%) y pública 65 (25,6%); también, se evidenció que 92 (36%) personas si recibieron ayuda psicológica y 162 (64%) no recibieron. El valor más elevado fue el de ansiedad moderada con un total de 77 odontólogos (30%), seguido por ansiedad mínima con 64 (25%); asintomáticos, 51 (20%); ansiedad obvia, 48 (19%) y ansiedad severa, 14 (6%). Conclusiones:los odontólogos han presentado, con mayor frecuencia, estados de ansiedad moderada como consecuencia de la COVID-19.

Objective: It is proposed to identify the existence of anxiety in dentists caused by CoViD-19 in Ecuador in a period from May 20 to June 15, 2020. Methods: Online surveys of the validated Spanish version of Hamilton Anxiety Rating were conducted Scale (HARS), composed of 14 items for Ecuadorian dentists to fill out; Participation in this study was anonymous and voluntary in order to safeguard the identity of the respondent. The classification criteria are: asymptomatic: 0 to 7; minimal anxiety 8 to 13; moderate anxiety from 14 to 21; obvious anxiety from 22 to 29; severe anxiety greater than 29.Results: A total of 254 correctly completed surveys were received, of which 188 women (74%) and 66 men (26%) participated; the maximum age was 66 and the minimum age 22 years with an average age of 34. Practicing private 189 (74.4%) and public 65 (25.6%); 92 (36%) people did receive psychological help and 162 (64%) did not. The highest value is moderate anxiety with a total of 77 dentists (30%), followed by minimal anxiety with 64 (25%), asymptomatic 51 (20%), obvious anxiety 48 (19%) severe anxiety 14 (6 %). Conclusions: Dentists have more frequently presented moderate anxiety states as a consequence of COVID -19.

Tenebriochernes, a new genus and species of Chernetidae (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from north-western Colombia, with ecological observationsp>.

A new pseudoscorpion genus, Tenebriochernes n. gen., with the type species T. concavus n. sp. is described from two caves in northern Colombia, where it inhabits the dark zone of caves. Two additional new species T. mohani n. sp. and T. pilosus n. sp., are described from conserved dry forest areas and buffer zones. Sexual dimorphism of the pedipalps is evident, particularly in the length of appendages and the width of the hand. The new genus shows affinities with the genus Neoallochernes Hoff, 1947. A taxonomic key, distribution map and ecological comments are given.

Charinus rocamadre (Amblypygi, Charinidae): description of the female, ultrastructure of the male and female gonopods, and mitochondrial DNA sequences.

Charinus rocamadre is the only species described and recorded from Colombia. It is know from only one male specimen collected from a cave in the Colombian Caribbean region. Herein, we describe the female of C. rocamadre for the first time, based on several specimens collected from the type locality of this species. We also provide images and describe the ultrastructure of male and female gonopods, as well as provide partial sequences of two mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S rRNA).

Epidemiología y clínica de las metástasis cutáneas en un hospital de Lima-Perú: Período 1996-2006 / Epidemiology and clinics of cutaneous metastases in a hospitalfrom LimaûPeru. Period 1996-2006

OBJETIVO: Determinar las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de las metástasis cutáneas en el Hospital Nacional EsSalud Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM) en el período 1996-2006. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo de tipo serie de casos. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por los pacientes con diagnóstico de metástasis cutánea en el HNERM entre los años 1996 y 2006; no se realizó muestreo por ser la población pequeña y accesible. Los pacientes fueron seleccionados de acuerdo a criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se revisó las historias clínicas de los pacientes obteniéndose las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, histopatológicas y supervivencia. RESULTADOS: Se diagnosticó 51 casos de metástasis cutáneas. La edad promedio fue de 65.0 ±15.4 años, el 58.8% correspondió al sexo femenino y el 41.2% al sexo masculino. El 29.4% se situó entre los 70-79 años, el 31.4% tenía diagnóstico previo de cáncer y el 23.5% tenía antecedentes familiares de cáncer. Se diagnosticó la metástasis cutánea antes que la neoplasia maligna primaria en el 67%. Las metástasis tuvieron origen en neoplasias dermatológicas en el 51.0% y en tumores de órganos sólidos en el 49.0% (cánceres de mama, riñón y vejiga). Los pacientes acudieron a consulta por presentar lesiones de tipo nódulo (31.4%) y tumor (9.8%). Las metástasis se localizaron en los varones predominantemente en el tórax posterior (19.0%) y en las piernas (14.3%); mientras que, en el tórax anterior (46.7%) y cuero cabelludo (23.3%) en las mujeres. La mediana de la supervivencia fue de 5.6 años. CONCLUSIONES: En el HNERM las metástasis cutáneas se presentan a edades avanzadas, predominan las de origen hematológico así como las originarias de mama y con frecuencia constituyen el primer signo para la identificación de una neoplasia oculta. Es relevante el antecedente familiar de neoplasia en los pacientes.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the clinical and epidemiology characteristics of cutaneous metastases at Hospital Nacional EsSalud Edgardo Rebagliati Martins during 1996-2006. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive study of cases series. The study population was constituted by patients with diagnoses of cutaneous metastases attended in the Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins Essalud between 1996 and 2006; sampling was not performed because of population was small and accessible. Patients were selected in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical past histories of patients were revised obtaining the next clinical, epidemiology and histopathology characteristics. Data obtained was registered in an instrument of data recollection and became part of a database. RESULTS: A total of 51 cutaneous metastases cases were diagnosed. The mean age of patientswas 65.0 ± 15.4 years, 58.8% corresponded female and the remaining 41.2% were male. The higher frequency was in patients between 70-79 years (29.4%), 31.4 % had previous diagnoses of cancer and 23.5% had family history of cancer (mainly father and brother). Cutaneous metastases were diagnosed before primary malignant neoplasea in 67% of patients. Metastases originated in hematological malignancies in 51.0% of cases and solid organ tumors in the remaining 49.0%. Solid organ tumors that most often gave rise to cutaneous metastases were breast, kidney and bladder. The patients attended mainly consulted for nodule like lesions (31.4%) and tumor (9.8%). Metastases were located predominantly in men in the posterior thorax (19.0%) and legs (14.3%), while in the anterior thorax (46.7%) and scalp (23.3%) in women. CONCLUSIONS: In the Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati, cutaneous metastases occur in later life, predominantly hematologic origin and those originating in breast and are often the first sign for the identification of occult neoplasy. It is relevant the family history of neoplasia in patients.