[Comparison of a community-based nutritional intervention and a conventional nutritional intervention in Mayan communities in Mexico]. / Comparación de una intervención nutricional basada en la comunidad y una intervención nutricional convencional en localidades mayas de México.

Poor nutritional conditions persist in many Mayan communities in Yucatán, Mexico, even though various programs have been implemented. The study aimed to compare the effects of a community-based nutritional intervention with an intercultural focus versus a conventional nutritional intervention on body mass index (BMI) and diet in women in Mayan communities in Yucatán. The sample included adult women with BMI ≥ 25kg/m2 from neighboring rural Mayan villages. Both interventions lasted three months with 11 sessions and followed the prevailing guidelines. The community-based intervention used an intercultural tool called Good Mayan Food [Plato del Bien Comer Maya], besides strategies designed according to information obtained from a prior qualitative study phase using interviews. The group that received the community-based intervention (n = 7), compared to the conventional intervention group (n = 9), showed larger decreases in BMI (-0.58 ± 0.70 kg/m2 and +0.27 ± 0.64kg/m2; p = 0.042), waist circumference (-2.15 ± 2.60 cm and -0.50 ± 0.75 cm; p = 0.042), and consumption of fats (-53.23 ± 21.92 grams and -7.34 ± 25.77 grams; p = 0.004), as well as higher increases in weekly consumption of some local foods such as nance fruit (p = 0.012), tamarind (p = 0.001), and chili peppers (p = 0.004). The community-based intervention was the only one to show a significant decrease in daily calorie intake (baseline: 2,067 ± 91 kcal/day, at three months: 1,474 ± 31 kcal/day; p = 0.018), and both groups showed decreases in the consumption of ultra-processed foods, but without significant differences between the two groups. The community-based intervention group showed better results than the conventional intervention group.

Las malas condiciones nutricionales en muchas localidades mayas de Yucatán, México, persisten, a pesar de que se han implementado diversos programas. El objetivo fue comparar los efectos de una intervención nutricional basada en la comunidad con enfoque intercultural (INBC) y una intervención nutricional convencional (INC), sobre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la dieta en mujeres de localidades mayas de Yucatán. Fueron incluidas mujeres adultas con IMC ≥ 25kg/m2 de dos pequeñas localidades rurales mayas vecinas. Ambas intervenciones fueron de tres meses y con 11 sesiones, siguiendo la normatividad vigente; en la INBC fue utilizada la herramienta intercultural, denominada Plato del Bien Comer Maya, además se incluyeron en la INBC estrategias diseñadas con base en información obtenida en una fase previa de estudio cualitativo con entrevistas. El grupo con la INBC (n = 7), en comparación con el grupo con la INC (n = 9), tuvo una mayor disminución de IMC (-0,58 ± 0,70 kg/m2 y +0,27 ± 0,64 kg/m2; p = 0,042), de la circunferencia de cintura (-2,15 ± 2,60 cm y -0,50 ± 0,75 cm; p = 0,042) y del consumo de grasas (-53,23 ± 21,92 gramos y -7,34 ± 25,77 gramos; p = 0,004), así como mayor incremento en las frecuencias semanales de consumo de algunos alimentos locales como nance (p = 0,012), tamarindo (p = 0,001) y chile (p = 0,004), la INBC fue la única que presentó una disminución significativa en el consumo diario de calorías (basal: 2.067 ± 91 kcal/día, a los tres meses: 1.474 ± 31 kcal/día; p = 0,018), hubo en ambos grupos disminuciones en el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados, pero sin diferencias comparando los grupos; el grupo con la INBC obtuvo mejores resultados que el grupo con la INC.

As más condições nutricionais em muitas localidades maias de Yucatán (México) persistem apesar da implementação de diversos programas. O objetivo era comparar os impactos de uma intervenção nutricional baseada na comunidade com enfoque intercultural (INBC) e uma intervenção nutricional convencional (INC), sobre o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a dieta de mulheres de localidades maias de Yucatán. Foram incluídas mulheres adultas com IMC ≥ 25kg/m2 de duas pequenas localidades rurais maias vizinhas. Ambas as intervenções duraram três meses e contaram com 11 sessões, conforme as normas vigentes; na INBC, foi utilizada a ferramenta intercultural denominada Prato de Comer Bem Maia [Plato del Bien Comer Maya], além de estratégias adicionais idealizadas com base em dados obtidos em uma fase prévia de estudo qualitativo com entrevistas. Em comparação com o grupo com a INC (n = 9), o grupo com a INBC (n = 7) teve maior diminuição de IMC (-0,58 ± 0,70 kg/m2 e +0,27 ± 0,64 kg/m2; p = 0,042), da circunferência abdominal (-2,15 ± 2,60 cm y -0,50 ± 0,75 cm; p = 0,042) e do consumo de gorduras (-53,23 ± 21,92 gramas y -7,34 ± 25,77 gramas; p = 0,004), bem como um aumento maior das frequências semanais de consumo de alguns alimentos locais como o murici (p = 0,012), o tamarindo (p = 0,001) e pimenta (p = 0,004). A INBC foi a única a apresentar uma diminuição significativa do consumo diário de calorias (inicial: 2.067 ± 91 kcal/dia, após três meses: 1.474 ± 31 kcal/dia; p = 0.018). Houve em ambos os grupos redução equivalente do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados; o grupo com a INBC obteve melhores resultados que o grupo com a INC.

Comparación de una intervención nutricional basada en la comunidad y una intervención nutricional convencional en localidades mayas de México / Comparison of a community-based nutritional intervention and a conventional nutritional intervention in Mayan communities in Mexico / Comparação entre uma intervenção nutricional baseada na comunidade e uma intervenção nutricional convencional em localidades maias de México

Las malas condiciones nutricionales en muchas localidades mayas de Yucatán, México, persisten, a pesar de que se han implementado diversos programas. El objetivo fue comparar los efectos de una intervención nutricional basada en la comunidad con enfoque intercultural (INBC) y una intervención nutricional convencional (INC), sobre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la dieta en mujeres de localidades mayas de Yucatán. Fueron incluidas mujeres adultas con IMC ≥ 25kg/m2 de dos pequeñas localidades rurales mayas vecinas. Ambas intervenciones fueron de tres meses y con 11 sesiones, siguiendo la normatividad vigente; en la INBC fue utilizada la herramienta intercultural, denominada Plato del Bien Comer Maya, además se incluyeron en la INBC estrategias diseñadas con base en información obtenida en una fase previa de estudio cualitativo con entrevistas. El grupo con la INBC (n = 7), en comparación con el grupo con la INC (n = 9), tuvo una mayor disminución de IMC (-0,58 ± 0,70 kg/m2 y +0,27 ± 0,64 kg/m2; p = 0,042), de la circunferencia de cintura (-2,15 ± 2,60 cm y -0,50 ± 0,75 cm; p = 0,042) y del consumo de grasas (-53,23 ± 21,92 gramos y -7,34 ± 25,77 gramos; p = 0,004), así como mayor incremento en las frecuencias semanales de consumo de algunos alimentos locales como nance (p = 0,012), tamarindo (p = 0,001) y chile (p = 0,004), la INBC fue la única que presentó una disminución significativa en el consumo diario de calorías (basal: 2.067 ± 91 kcal/día, a los tres meses: 1.474 ± 31 kcal/día; p = 0,018), hubo en ambos grupos disminuciones en el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados, pero sin diferencias comparando los grupos; el grupo con la INBC obtuvo mejores resultados que el grupo con la INC.

Poor nutritional conditions persist in many Mayan communities in Yucatán, Mexico, even though various programs have been implemented. The study aimed to compare the effects of a community-based nutritional intervention with an intercultural focus versus a conventional nutritional intervention on body mass index (BMI) and diet in women in Mayan communities in Yucatán. The sample included adult women with BMI ≥ 25kg/m2 from neighboring rural Mayan villages. Both interventions lasted three months with 11 sessions and followed the prevailing guidelines. The community-based intervention used an intercultural tool called Good Mayan Food [Plato del Bien Comer Maya], besides strategies designed according to information obtained from a prior qualitative study phase using interviews. The group that received the community-based intervention (n = 7), compared to the conventional intervention group (n = 9), showed larger decreases in BMI (-0.58 ± 0.70 kg/m2 and +0.27 ± 0.64kg/m2; p = 0.042), waist circumference (-2.15 ± 2.60 cm and -0.50 ± 0.75 cm; p = 0.042), and consumption of fats (-53.23 ± 21.92 grams and -7.34 ± 25.77 grams; p = 0.004), as well as higher increases in weekly consumption of some local foods such as nance fruit (p = 0.012), tamarind (p = 0.001), and chili peppers (p = 0.004). The community-based intervention was the only one to show a significant decrease in daily calorie intake (baseline: 2,067 ± 91 kcal/day, at three months: 1,474 ± 31 kcal/day; p = 0.018), and both groups showed decreases in the consumption of ultra-processed foods, but without significant differences between the two groups. The community-based intervention group showed better results than the conventional intervention group.

As más condições nutricionais em muitas localidades maias de Yucatán (México) persistem apesar da implementação de diversos programas. O objetivo era comparar os impactos de uma intervenção nutricional baseada na comunidade com enfoque intercultural (INBC) e uma intervenção nutricional convencional (INC), sobre o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a dieta de mulheres de localidades maias de Yucatán. Foram incluídas mulheres adultas com IMC ≥ 25kg/m2 de duas pequenas localidades rurais maias vizinhas. Ambas as intervenções duraram três meses e contaram com 11 sessões, conforme as normas vigentes; na INBC, foi utilizada a ferramenta intercultural denominada Prato de Comer Bem Maia [Plato del Bien Comer Maya], além de estratégias adicionais idealizadas com base em dados obtidos em uma fase prévia de estudo qualitativo com entrevistas. Em comparação com o grupo com a INC (n = 9), o grupo com a INBC (n = 7) teve maior diminuição de IMC (-0,58 ± 0,70 kg/m2 e +0,27 ± 0,64 kg/m2; p = 0,042), da circunferência abdominal (-2,15 ± 2,60 cm y -0,50 ± 0,75 cm; p = 0,042) e do consumo de gorduras (-53,23 ± 21,92 gramas y -7,34 ± 25,77 gramas; p = 0,004), bem como um aumento maior das frequências semanais de consumo de alguns alimentos locais como o murici (p = 0,012), o tamarindo (p = 0,001) e pimenta (p = 0,004). A INBC foi a única a apresentar uma diminuição significativa do consumo diário de calorias (inicial: 2.067 ± 91 kcal/dia, após três meses: 1.474 ± 31 kcal/dia; p = 0.018). Houve em ambos os grupos redução equivalente do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados; o grupo com a INBC obteve melhores resultados que o grupo com a INC.

Monitorización de la presión intracraneal en traumatismo craneoencefálico severo / Monitoring intracranial pressure in severe traumatic brain injury

Introducción: El traumatismo craneoencefálico severo (TCES) es una entidad grave. La monitorización de la presión intracraneal (PIC) permite dirigir el tratamiento, el cual es de limitado acceso en países en vías de desarrollo. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia clínica de pacientes pediátricos con TCES. Pacientes y método: Se incluyeron pacientes con TCES, edad entre 1 y 17 años, previo consentimiento informado de los padres y/o tutores. Se excluyeron pacientes con enfermedades crónicas o retraso psicomotor. Los pacientes ingresaron desde el Servicio de Urgencia, donde se les realizó scanner cerebral (TAC), clasificándose las lesiones por Escala de Marshall. Los pacientes fueron divididos en 2 grupos según criterio neuroquirúrgico: con monitorización (CM) y sin monitorización (SM) de presión intracraneana. La monitorización de la PIC se realizó a través de un catéter intraparenquimatoso 3PN Spiegelberg conectado a un monitor Spiegelberg HDM 26. Los pacientes fueron tratados de acuerdo a las guías pediátricas para TCES. Se consideró la supervivencia como los días transcurridos entre el ingreso hospitalario y el fallecimiento, o su evaluación por Escala de Glasgow para un seguimiento de 6 meses. Resultados: Cuarenta y dos pacientes (CM = 14 y SM= 28). Aquellos con monitorización tenían menor puntuación de la escala de coma de Glasgow y clasificación de Marshall con peor pronóstico. En ellos la supervivencia fue menor y el resultado moderado a bueno. No se registraron complicaciones con el uso del catéter de PIC. Conclusión: Pacientes con monitorización tuvieron mayor gravedad al ingreso y una mayor mortalidad; sin embargo, el resultado funcional de los sobrevivientes fue de moderado a bueno. Se requiere de la realización de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados para definir el impacto de la monitorización de la PIC en la supervivencia y calidad de vida en estos pacientes.

Introduction: Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious condition. Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring can be used to direct treatment, which is of limited access in developing countries. Objective: To describe the clinical experience of pediatric patients with severe TBI. Patients and Method: A clinical experience in patients with severe TBI was conducted. Age was 1-17 years, exclusion criteria were chronic illness and psicomotor retardation. Informed consent was obtained in each case. Two groups were formed based on the criterion of neurosurgeons: with and without intracraneal pressure (ICP) monitoring. PIC monitoring was performed through a 3PN Spiegelberg catheter and a Spiegelberg HDM 26 monitor. Patients were treated according international pediatric guides. The characteristics of both groups are described at 6 months of follow-up. Results: Forty-two patients (CM=14 and SM=28). Those in the CM Group had lower Glasgow coma scale score and Marshall classification with poorer prognosis. Among them survival rate was lower, although the outcome was from moderate to good. No complications were reported with the use of the ICP catheter. Conclusion: Patients with ICP monitoring had greater severity at admission and an increased mortality; however, the outcome for the survivors was from moderate to good. It is necessary to conduct randomized clinical trials to define the impact of ICP monitoring on survival and quality of life in severe TBI patients.

[Monitoring intracranial pressure in severe traumatic brain injury]. / Monitorización de la presión intracraneal en traumatismo craneoencefálico severo.

INTRODUCTION: Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious condition. Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring can be used to direct treatment, which is of limited access in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical experience of pediatric patients with severe TBI. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A clinical experience in patients with severe TBI was conducted. Age was 1-17 years, exclusion criteria were chronic illness and psicomotor retardation. Informed consent was obtained in each case. Two groups were formed based on the criterion of neurosurgeons: with and without intracraneal pressure (ICP) monitoring. PIC monitoring was performed through a 3PN Spiegelberg catheter and a Spiegelberg HDM 26 monitor. Patients were treated according international pediatric guides. The characteristics of both groups are described at 6 months of follow-up. RESULTS: Forty-two patients (CM=14 and SM=28). Those in the CM Group had lower Glasgow coma scale score and Marshall classification with poorer prognosis. Among them survival rate was lower, although the outcome was from moderate to good. No complications were reported with the use of the ICP catheter. CONCLUSION: Patients with ICP monitoring had greater severity at admission and an increased mortality; however, the outcome for the survivors was from moderate to good. It is necessary to conduct randomized clinical trials to define the impact of ICP monitoring on survival and quality of life in severe TBI patients.

Analysis of Thiopurine S-Methyltransferase Deficient Alleles in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients in Mexican Patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It has been demonstrated that heterozygote and homozygote thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) mutant allele carriers are at high risk to develop severe and potentially fatal hematopoietic toxicity after treatment with standard doses of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and methotrexate (MX). Those drugs are the backbone of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and several autoimmune disease treatments. We undertook this study to determine the frequency of the TPMT deficient alleles in children with ALL and non-ALL subjects from Mexico City and Yucatan, Mexico. METHODS: We included 849 unrelated subjects, of which 368 ALL children and 342 non-ALL subjects were from Mexico City, and 60 ALL cases and 79 non-ALL individuals were from Yucatan. Genotyping of the rs1800462, rs1800460 and rs1142345 SNPs was performed by 5'exonuclease technique using TaqMan probes (Life Technologies Foster City, CA). RESULTS: The mutant TPMT alleles were present in 4.8% (81/1698 chromosomes) and only 0.2% were homozygote TPMT*3A/TPMT*3A. We did not find statistically significant differences in the distribution of the mutant alleles between patients from Mexico City and Yucatan in either ALL cases or non-ALL. Nonetheless, the TPMT*3C frequency in ALL patients was higher than non-ALL subjects (p = 0.03). To note, the null homozygous TPMT*3A/TPMT*3A genotype was found in 2.5% of the non-ALL subjects. CONCLUSIONS: TPMT mutant alleles did not exhibit differential distribution between both evaluated populations; however, TPMT*3C is overrepresented in ALL cases in comparison with non-ALL group. Assessing the TPMT mutant alleles could benefit the ALL children and those undergoing 6-MP and MX treatment.

ARID5B, CEBPE and PIP4K2A Germline Genetic Polymorphisms and Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Mexican Patients: A MIGICCL Study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the leading cause of childhood cancer-related deaths worldwide. Multiples studies have shown that ALL seems to be originated by an interaction between environmental and genetic susceptibility factors. The ARID5B polymorphisms are among the most reproducible ALL associated-risk alleles in different populations. The aim of the present study was to examine the contribution of ARID5B, CEBPE, and PIP4K2 risk alleles for the development of ALL in children from Mexico City and Yucatan, Mexico. METHODS: A study was conducted with a total of 761 unrelated subjects. Two hundred eighty five ALL cases (111 from Yucatan and 174 from Mexico City) and 476 healthy subjects. Genotyping included the rs7088318 (PIP4K2A), rs10821936 (ARID5B), rs7089424 (ARID5B) and rs2239633 (CEBPE) polymorphisms. RESULTS: Associations between ALL and rs10821936 and rs7089424 ARID5B SNPs were found (OR = 1.9, 95% CI (1.5-2.4) and OR = 2.0, 95% CI (1.6-2.5), respectively). Moreover, a higher risk was observed in the homozygous risk genotypes of carriers from Mexico City (OR = 3.1, 95% CI (2.0-4.9) and OR 3.1, CI 95% (2.0-4.8), respectively). Otherwise, the rs7088318 (PIP4K2A) and rs2239633 (CEBPE) polymorphisms were not associated with ALL risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis suggests that ARID5B confers risk for childhood ALL in a Mexican population.