Dataset of chemical composition of Avar age glass beads.

Monographic processing of Avar Period (6-8th century) glass beads. Approx. 200 glass beads have been selected from 13 archaeological sites in current day Hungary as the representatives of typical Avar glass beads. The beads were analyzed with electron microprobe analyzer attached with wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometer and/or energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer peripheries for 12-15 elements complemented with archaeological and color description. These beads provide insights primarily into the trade and interactions of the Avar population in the Carpathian Basin with other peoples. Through their analysis, we can learn about the economic systems associated with glass production and the connections between different regions. Furthermore, Avar Age glass beads offer valuable information about craftsmanship and artistic expression. Their diverse shapes, colors, and patterns showcase the skill and creativity of the artisans who made them, as well as hint at the production technology used. The purpose of data collection is to identify the raw materials and coloring agents used in bead production, detect potential chronological changes, internationally explore the identified production technology in terms of space and time, and outline the Avars' trade network, and provide reference for future research. This is the first ever published database of Avar Age glass beads.

Measurement of hepatic glucose (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose) uptake with positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging in fumonisin B intoxicated rabbit bucks.

Rabbit bucks (bodyweight 5 kg) underwent dietary intoxication with fumonisin B series mycotoxins (FB1 + FB2 + FB3, 15 mg/kg diet) for 14 days to test the applicability of positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance (PET MR) hybrid imaging in characterizing experimentally induced mild hepatotoxicosis. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) radiotracer-aided imaging was performed before and after FBs administration on identical animals, and at both time points, blood was sampled for haematology and clinical chemistry. Kinetic PET image analysis revealed time-activity curves with uptake maxima below 1 min in the liver, renal cortex, portal vein, lung and coarctatio aortae. In the frame of static PET image analysis, based on the standardized uptake value (SUV), the so-called metabolic liver volume (MLV, liver volume defined by over 0.9 × average liver SUV) and the total liver glycolysis (TLG, MLV multiplied by the SUVmean) were calculated. Mycotoxicosis increased total liver glycolysis (p < 0.04) after 14 days and liver tissue TLG inhomogeneity was minimal. Pearson correlation between TLG and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was positive (0.515), while negative with LDH and AST (- 0.721 and - 0.491, respectively). Results indicate a slight hepatic mycotoxin effect and significantly increased glucose uptake intensity, which has been sensitively detected with molecular imaging (18F-FDG PET MRI) in the rabbit model.

Interventional Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Zea mays L. Plants When Compensating Irrigation Using Saline Water.

High salinity reduces agriculture production and quality, negatively affecting the global economy. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) enhance plant metabolism and abiotic stress tolerance. This study investigated the effects of 2 g/L foliar Zinc oxide NPs on Zea mays L. plants to ameliorate 150 mM NaCl-induced salt stress. After precipitation, ZnO-NPs were examined by UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and particle size distribution. This study examined plant height, stem diameter (width), area of leaves, chlorophyll levels, hydrolyzable sugars, free amino acids, protein, proline, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde. Gas chromatographic analysis quantified long-chain fatty acids, and following harvest, leaves, stalks, cobs, seeds, and seeds per row were weighed. The leaves' acid and neutral detergent fibers were measured along with the seeds' starch, fat, and protein. Plant growth and chlorophyll concentration decreased under salt stress. All treatments showed significant changes in maize plant growth and development after applying zinc oxide NPs. ZnO-NPs increased chlorophyll and lowered stress. ZnO-NPs enhanced the ability of maize plants to withstand the adverse conditions of saline soils or low-quality irrigation water. This field study investigated the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on maize plant leaves when saline water is utilized for growth season water. This study also examined how this foliar treatment affected plant biochemistry, morphology, fatty acid synthesis, and crop production when NaCl is present and when it is not.

Exposure to an insecticide formulation alters chemosensory orientation, but not floral scent detection, in buff-tailed bumblebees (Bombus terrestris).

Although pesticide-free techniques have been developed in agriculture, pesticides are still routinely used against weeds, pests, and pathogens worldwide. These agrochemicals pollute the environment and can negatively impact human health, biodiversity and ecosystem services. Acetamiprid, an approved neonicotinoid pesticide in the EU, may exert sub-lethal effects on pollinators and other organisms. However, our knowledge on the scope and severity of such effects is still incomplete. Our experiments focused on the effects of the insecticide formulation Mospilan (active ingredient: 20% acetamiprid) on the peripheral olfactory detection of a synthetic floral blend and foraging behaviour of buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) workers. We found that the applied treatment did not affect the antennal detection of the floral blend; however, it induced alterations in their foraging behaviour. Pesticide-treated individuals started foraging later, and the probability of finding the floral blend was lower than that of the control bumblebees. However, exposed bumblebees found the scent source faster than the controls. These results suggest that acetamiprid-containing Mospilan may disrupt the activity and orientation of foraging bumblebees. We hypothesize that the observed effects of pesticide exposure on foraging behaviour could be mediated through neurophysiological and endocrine mechanisms. We propose that future investigations should clarify whether such sub-lethal effects can affect pollinators' population dynamics and their ecosystem services.

Emerging Trends in Non-Protein Amino Acids as Potential Priming Agents: Implications for Stress Management Strategies and Unveiling Their Regulatory Functions.

Plants endure the repercussions of environmental stress. As the advancement of global climate change continues, it is increasingly crucial to protect against abiotic and biotic stress effects. Some naturally occurring plant compounds can be used effectively to protect the plants. By externally applying priming compounds, plants can be prompted to trigger their defensive mechanisms, resulting in improved immune system effectiveness. This review article examines the possibilities of utilizing exogenous alpha-, beta-, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (AABA, BABA, and GABA), which are non-protein amino acids (NPAAs) that are produced naturally in plants during instances of stress. The article additionally presents a concise overview of the studies' discoveries on this topic, assesses the particular fields in which they might be implemented, and proposes new avenues for future investigation.

The Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Salt Stress on the Morphological and Some Biochemical Characteristics of Solanum lycopersicum L. Plants.

Salinity reduces crop yields and quality, causing global economic losses. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) improve plant physiological and metabolic processes and abiotic stress resistance. This study examined the effects of foliar ZnO-NPs at 75 and 150 mg/L on tomato Kecskeméti 549 plants to alleviate salt stress caused by 150 mM NaCl. The precipitation procedure produced ZnO-NPs that were characterized using UV-VIS, TEM, STEM, DLS, EDAX, Zeta potential, and FTIR. The study assessed TPCs, TFCs, total hydrolyzable sugars, total free amino acids, protein, proline, H2O2, and MDA along with plant height, stem width, leaf area, and SPAD values. The polyphenolic burden was also measured by HPLC. With salt stress, plant growth and chlorophyll content decreased significantly. The growth and development of tomato plants changed by applying the ZnO-NPs. Dosages of ZnO-NPs had a significant effect across treatments. ZnO-NPs also increased chlorophyll, reduced stress markers, and released phenolic chemicals and proteins in the leaves of tomatoes. ZnO-NPs reduce salt stress by promoting the uptake of minerals. ZnO-NPs had beneficial effects on tomato plants when subjected to salt stress, making them an alternate technique to boost resilience in saline soils or low-quality irrigation water. This study examined how foliar application of chemically synthesized ZnO-NPs to the leaves affected biochemistry, morphology, and phenolic compound synthesis with and without NaCl.

Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, outcome and biofilm forming properties in candidaemia: A single-centre retrospective 4-year analysis from Hungary.

BACKGROUND: Candidaemia is a life-threatening disease that is associated with high mortality, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). The number of comprehensive studies dealing with the epidemiologic characteristics of biofilm-related properties is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the clinical characteristics of candidaemia, to assess the biofilm-forming properties of isolates, and to identify the risk factors of mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 149 candidaemia episodes from the University of Debrecen, Clinical Centre, between January 2020 and December 2023 were investigated retrospectively. The susceptibility of Candida isolates to fluconazole, amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin was evaluated and compared to the susceptibility of 1-day-old biofilms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the independent predictors of 30-day mortality rate. RESULTS: The most common Candida species was Candida albicans (41%), followed by C. parapsilosis (20%), C. glabrata (14%), C. tropicalis (13%), rare Candida species (7%), and C. krusei (5%). Sixty-six percent of Candida isolates were biofilm formers and 44% had high metabolic activity. The 30-day mortality rate was 52%, which was higher in ICUs (65%). The logistic regression analysis revealed several factors significantly influencing mortality including ICU admission (odds ratio [OR] 2.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-8.04, p = 0.025), fluconazole treatment (OR 4.12, 95% CI 1.62-11.42, p = .004), and pneumonia (OR 0.261, 95% CI 0.1-0.67, p = .006). CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive analysis supports the better characterisation of candidaemia in healthcare settings, which ultimately may reduce mortality among patients.

Reference data on estrogen metabolome in healthy pregnancy.

INTRODUCTION: Estrogen hormones and their metabolites are implicated in the maintenance of healthy pregnancy and adequate fetal development. Abnormal levels were related to increased risk of pregnancy complications, particularly preeclampsia. Our aims were (1) to develop a methodological platform for the comprehensive assessment of estrogen metabolome in pregnancy; (2) to collect healthy reference data for relevant elements of estrogen metabolome in each trimester; (3) to assess unconjugated fractions of the estrogen metabolome, (4) to assess the dominant metabolic pathways of estrogen compounds. METHODS: We enrolled healthy pregnant mothers between gestational week 5-15 (on the confirmation of pregnancy; 79 samples), gestational weeks 19-27 (70 samples), and gestational week 34-39 (54 samples). A method employing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed to assess estrone, 17-beta-estradiol, estriol levels, and their metabolites as conjugated and unconjugated forms. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the level of compounds in each trimester. RESULTS: Estrone, 17-beta-estradiol and estriol levels are dramatically increasing with the advancement of pregnancy. Measured levels were in a very wide range. 17-beta-estradiol is neither glucuronated nor sulphated. To the contrary, estriol and estrone are significantly conjugated; unconjugated fraction is <15% of total hormone levels in any trimester. Regarding metabolism, 4-methoxy-estradiol and 17-epiestriol were not detected. CONCLUSION: We concluded that (1) the levels of estrogen compounds and metabolites increase with advancing gestational age; (2) the wide ranges of levels challenge the establishment of a healthy reference range for clinical purposes; (3) 17-beta-estradiol is not conjugated significantly; (4) 4-methylation and 17-epimerization pathways of estrogens are negligible with our LC-MS/MS method.

The Impact of Salinity on Crop Yields and the Confrontational Behavior of Transcriptional Regulators, Nanoparticles, and Antioxidant Defensive Mechanisms under Stressful Conditions: A Review.

One of the most significant environmental challenges to crop growth and yield worldwide is soil salinization. Salinity lowers soil solution water potential, causes ionic disequilibrium and specific ion effects, and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) buildup, causing several physiological and biochemical issues in plants. Plants have developed biological and molecular methods to combat salt stress. Salt-signaling mechanisms regulated by phytohormones may provide additional defense in salty conditions. That discovery helped identify the molecular pathways that underlie zinc-oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NP)-based salt tolerance in certain plants. It emphasized the need to study processes like transcriptional regulation that govern plants' many physiological responses to such harsh conditions. ZnO-NPs have shown the capability to reduce salinity stress by working with transcription factors (TFs) like AP2/EREBP, WRKYs, NACs, and bZIPs that are released or triggered to stimulate plant cell osmotic pressure-regulating hormones and chemicals. In addition, ZnO-NPs have been shown to reduce the expression of stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) while also affecting transcriptional factors. Those systems helped maintain protein integrity, selective permeability, photosynthesis, and other physiological processes in salt-stressed plants. This review examined how salt stress affects crop yield and suggested that ZnO-NPs could reduce plant salinity stress instead of osmolytes and plant hormones.

A Possible Perspective of Recultivation with Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Inoculated Drought-Tolerant Herbaceous Plants.

Using native species for urban green space is rather important nowadays. Plant cover on soil is necessary for agronomical and architectural investments as well as conservational programs, which all need minimal maintenance and have to be cost efficient. Commercially available seed mixtures for grasslands and lawns include species that partly originated from other mesoclimatic zones, and thus they may not be able to survive in the long-term, nor will they be adventive to the local ecosystem. With a focus on climate change, the most arid part of the Pannon geographical region was selected (near Törökszentmiklós in Nagykunság, Hungarian Great Plain). The local flora has adapted effectively to the environment; therefore, many species growing there were candidates for this study. Annuals and herbaceous perennials were investigated with respect to harvestability, reproducibility, decorativity, seed production, seed morphological characters (size, mass) and germination features. The selected 20 taxa were inoculated with INOQ Agri mycorrhiza (Rhizophagus irregularis) to increase the drought tolerance and biomass of the plants. Mycorrhizal frequency was significantly different among the taxa, reflecting various responses to the symbiotic interaction and possibly various mycorrhizal dependence of the plant species examined. We did not observe significantly higher colonization rate in most cases of the samples with artificial inoculation treatment. We conclude that the degraded mowed lawn soil that we used could contain propagules of AM fungi in a sufficient amount, so in the artificial grassland restorations, the additional AM inoculation treatment is not necessary to achieve a higher AM colonization rate.

The Impact of Palliative Care on Mitigating Pain and Its Associated Effects in Determining Quality of Life among Colon Cancer Outpatients.

Pain continues to be a significant problem for cancer patients, and the impact of a population-based strategy on their experiences is not completely understood. Our study aimed to determine the impact of palliative care on mitigating pain and its associated effects in determining the quality of life (QoL) among colon cancer outpatients. Six collection databases were used to perform a structured systematic review of the available literature, considering all papers published between the year 2000 and February 2023. PRISMA guidelines were adopted in our study, and a total of 9792 papers were evaluated. However, only 126 articles met the inclusion criteria. A precise diagnosis of disruptive colorectal cancer (CRC) pain disorders among patients under palliative care is necessary to mitigate it and its associated effects, enhance health, promote life expectancy, increase therapeutic responsiveness, and decrease comorbidity complications. Physical activities, the use of validated pain assessment tools, remote outpatient education and monitoring, chemotherapeutic pain reduction strategies, music and massage therapies, and bridging social isolation gaps are essential in enhancing QoL. We recommend and place a strong emphasis on the adoption of online training/or coaching programs and the integration of formal and informal palliative care systems for maximum QoL benefits among CRC outpatients.

More than one millennium (2nd-16th century CE) of the White Plague in the Carpathian Basin - New cases, expanding knowledge.

The causative agent of tuberculosis is still a widespread pathogen, which caused the death of ca. 1.6 million people globally in 2021. The paleopathological study of human remains revealed the antiquity of the disease and its continuous presence throughout the history of humankind. The Carpathian Basin has always been a biocultural melting pot, since it has seen several migrations over the centuries, and served as a location of admixture and interaction for numerous populations of different cultures. Thus, this geographical territory is ideal for the examination of the coevolutionary processes of hosts and their pathogens. We aimed to reveal the spatial and temporal distribution of tuberculosis cases excavated inside the borders of Hungary between the 2nd and 16th centuries CE. We established a comprehensive database by collecting 114 already published cases and introducing 39 new cases. The involved cases include those that have been confirmed by different molecular methods, as well as possible infections that were identified based on the presence of macromorphological and radiological alterations. The progress of future molecular and paleopathological studies can be facilitated by our dataset, as it presents spatial and temporal information concerning the spread of the disease in the Carpathian Basin, as well as the biological profile and detailed paleopathological description of lesions illustrated by photo- and radiographs.

Interrelationship of hemoglobin A1c level lipid profile, uric acid, C-reactive protein levels and age in a large hospital database.

INTRODUCTION: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is used to monitor glucose homeostasis and to identify risk for diabetes. As diabetic patients are frequently present with dyslipidaemia, low-grade inflammation and hyperuricemia, we tested whether HbA1c levels can be estimated having the information about lipid profile, uric acid (UA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. We developed formulas to describe the association of these parameters with HbA1c levels. METHODS: Data of 9599 male and 10,817 female patients, measured between 2008 and 2018, were analysed. Patients represented a general hospital patient population with overrepresentation of those with elevated HbA1c over 5.6%. The impact of gender, age, CRP, lipid profile and UA levels on HbA1c % on HbA1c levels was tested with multiple linear regression model. The magnitude of effects of individual factors was used to develop formulas to describe the association between HbA1c and other cardiometabolic parameters. With these formulas we estimated median HbA1c values in each age in both gender and compared them to measured HbA1c levels. RESULTS: The developed formulas are as follow: HbA1c (estimated) in women = 0.752 + 0.237*log10(HDL/cholesterol) + 0.156*log10 (cholesterol) + 0.077*log10 (triglyceride) + 0.025*log10(CRP) +0.001*log10 (age) -0.026*log10(HDL/LDL) -0.063*log10 (uric acid)-0.075*log10 (LDL)-0.199*log10(HDL); HbA1c (estimated) in men = 1.146 + 0.08*log10 (triglyceride) + 0.046*log10(CRP) + 0.01*log10 (cholesterol) + 0.001*log10 (age) -0.014*log10(HDL)-0.018*log10(HDL/LDL)-0.025*log10(HDL/cholesterol) -0.068*log10 (LDL)-0.159*log10 (uric acid) Between 20 and 70 years of age, estimated HbA1c matched perfectly to measured HbA1c in. CONCLUSION: At population level, HbA1c levels can be estimated almost exactly based on lipid profile, CRP and uric acid levels in female patients between 20 and 70 years.

The relative importance of social information use for population abundance in group-living and non-grouping prey.

Predator-prey relationships are fundamental components of ecosystem functioning, within which the spatial consequences of prey social organization can alter predation rates. Group-living (GL) species are known to exploit inadvertent social information (ISI) that facilitates population persistence under predation risk. Still, the extent to which non-grouping (NG) prey can benefit from similar processes is unknown. Here we built an individual-based model to explore and compare the population-level consequences of ISI use in GL and NG prey. We differentiated between GL and NG prey only by the presence or absence of social attraction toward conspecifics that drives individual movement patterns. We found that the extent of the benefits of socially acquired predator information in NG highly depends on the prey's ability to detect nearby predators, prey density and the occurrence of false alarms. Conversely, even moderate probabilities of ISI use and predator detection can lead to maximal population-level benefits in GL prey. This theoretical work provides additional insights into the conditions under which ISI use can facilitate population persistence irrespective of prey social organisation.

Total transcriptome analysis of Candida auris planktonic cells exposed to tyrosol.

Tyrosol, a secondary metabolite of Candida species, regulates fungal morphogenesis, and its application may represent a novel innovative therapy against emerging multi-resistant fungal superbug such as Candida auris. In the current study, the effects of tyrosol on growth, redox homeostasis, intracellular microelement contents and activities of virulence-related enzymes released by C. auris were examined. To gain further information about the effect of tyrosol exposure, we revealed gene transcriptional changes using total transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). At a concentration of 15 mM, tyrosol significantly decrease the growth of fungal cells within 2 h of its addition (5.6 × 107±1.2 × 107 and 2.5 × 107±0.6 × 107 colony forming unit/mL for control and tyrosol-treated cells, respectively). Furthermore, it enhanced the release of reactive oxygen species as confirmed by a dichlorofluorescein (DCF) assay (7.3 ± 1.8 [nmol DCF (OD640)-1] versus 16.8 ± 3.9 [nmol DCF (OD640)-1]), which was coincided with elevated superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Tyrosol exerted in a 37%, 25%, 34% and 55% decrease in intracellular manganese, iron, zinc and copper contents, respectively, compared to control cells. The tyrosol treatment led to a 142 and 108 differentially transcripted genes with at least a 1.5-fold increase or decrease in transcription, respectively. Genes related to iron and fatty acid metabolism as well as nucleic acid synthesis were down-regulated, whereas those related to the antioxidative defence, adhesion and oxoacid metabolic processes were up-regulated. This study shows that tyrosol significantly influences growth, intracellular physiological processes and gene transcription in C. auris, which could highly support the development of novel treatment approaches against this important pathogen.

The Medicago truncatula nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides, NCR343 and NCR-new35 are required for the maintenance of rhizobia in nitrogen-fixing nodules.

In the nodules of IRLC legumes, including Medicago truncatula, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia undergo terminal differentiation resulting in elongated and endoreduplicated bacteroids specialized for nitrogen fixation. This irreversible transition of rhizobia is mediated by host produced nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides, of which c. 700 are encoded in the M. truncatula genome but only few of them have been proved to be essential for nitrogen fixation. We carried out the characterization of the nodulation phenotype of three ineffective nitrogen-fixing M. truncatula mutants using confocal and electron microscopy, monitored the expression of defence and senescence-related marker genes, and analysed the bacteroid differentiation with flow cytometry. Genetic mapping combined with microarray- or transcriptome-based cloning was used to identify the impaired genes. Mtsym19 and Mtsym20 mutants are defective in the same peptide NCR-new35 and the lack of NCR343 is responsible for the ineffective symbiosis of NF-FN9363. We found that the expression of NCR-new35 is significantly lower and limited to the transition zone of the nodule compared with other crucial NCRs. The fluorescent protein-tagged version of NCR343 and NCR-new35 localized to the symbiotic compartment. Our discovery added two additional members to the group of NCR genes essential for nitrogen-fixing symbiosis in M. truncatula.

In Vitro Killing Activities of Anidulafungin and Micafungin with and without Nikkomycin Z against Four Candida auris Clades.

Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant pathogen against which echinocandins are the drug of choice. However, information on how the chitin synthase inhibitor nikkomycin Z influences the killing activities of echinocandins against C. auris is currently lacking. We determined the killing activities of anidulafungin and micafungin (0.25, 1, 8, 16 and 32 mg/L each) with and without nikkomycin Z (8 mg/L) against 15 isolates representing four C. auris clades (South Asian n = 5; East Asian n = 3; South African n = 3; South American n = 4, two of which were of environmental origin). Two and one isolates from the South Asian clade harbored mutations in the hot-spot 1 (S639Y and S639P) and 2 (R1354H) regions of the FKS1 gene, respectively. The anidulafungin, micafungin and nikkomycin Z MIC ranges were 0.015-4, 0.03-4 and 2->16 mg/L, respectively. Anidulafungin and micafungin alone exerted weak fungistatic activity against wild-type isolates and the isolate with a mutation in the hot-spot 2 region of FKS1 but was ineffective against the isolates with a mutation in the hot-spot 1 region. The nikkomycin Z killing curves were always similar to their respective controls. Twenty-two of sixty (36.7%) anidulafungin plus nikkomycin Z and twenty-four of sixty (40%) micafungin plus nikkomycin Z combinations produced at least 100-fold decreases in the CFUs (synergy), with a 41.7% and 20% fungicidal effect, respectively, against wild-type isolates. Antagonism was never observed. Similar results were found with the isolate with a mutation in hot-spot 2 of FKS1, but the combinations were ineffective against the two isolates with prominent mutations in hot-spot 1 of FKS1. The simultaneous inhibition of ß-1,3 glucan and chitin synthases in wild-type C. auris isolates produced significantly greater killing rates than either drug alone. Further studies are warranted to verify the clinical efficacy of echinocandin plus nikkomycin Z combinations against echinocandin susceptible C. auris isolates.

Proximate Analysis of Moringa oleifera Leaves and the Antimicrobial Activities of Successive Leaf Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts Compared with Green Chemically Synthesized Ag-NPs and Crude Aqueous Extract against Some Pathogens.

Research on the use of different parts of the Moringa oleifera plant as a nutritional and pharmaceutical resource for human and animals has increased in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and the TPCs and TFCs of Moringa leaves, the antimicrobial activities of Moringa successive ethanolic, aqueous, crude aqueous extracts, and green-chemically synthesized characterized Ag-NPs. The results indicated that the ethanolic extract recorded the highest activity against E. coli. On the other side, the aqueous extract showed higher activity, and its effects ranged from 0.03 to 0.33 mg/mL against different strains. The MIC values of Moringa Ag-NPs against different pathogenic bacteria ranged from 0.05 mg/mL to 0.13 mg/mL, and the activity of the crude aqueous extract ranged from 0.15 to 0.83 mg/mL. For the antifungal activity, the ethanolic extract recorded the highest activity at 0.04 mg/mL, and the lowest activity was recorded at 0.42 mg/mL. However, the aqueous extract showed effects ranging from 0.42 to 1.17 mg/mL. Moringa Ag-NPs showed higher activity against the different fungal strains than the crude aqueous extract, and they ranged from 0.25 to 0.83 mg/mL. The MIC values of the Moringa crude aqueous extract ranged from 0.74 to 3.33 mg/mL. Moringa Ag-NPs and their crude aqueous extract may be utilized to boost antimicrobial attributes.