[Elite athletes' electrocardiogram in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso]. / Electrocardiographie du sportif de haut niveau d'entrainement à Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

High-performance sport results in electrocardiographic changes. Some are benign, other can cause sudden death. The purpose of this study is to describe the features of electrocardiogram at rest in elite athletes living in Bobo-Dioulasso. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in the Department of Cardiology at the Souro Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso from August 2015 to February 2016. Elite athletes aged 17 to 35 years who had been training at least eight hours per week for more than six months, regardless of the type of sport, were enrolled. Two hundred elite athletes from four different sporting disciplines were included. The average age of athletes was 24 years (IIQ: 21-27). The median seniority in sport practice was 6 years (IIQ: 4-8) and the median duration of weekly training was 10 hours (IIQ: 10-10). Only 4% of the athletes had already undergone electrocardiogram. ECG showed abnormalities in 90.5% of cases and sinus bradycardia was the most common abnormality in 72.5% of cases. Left ventricular hypertrophy and left-atrial dilatation were reported in 44% and 34.5% respectively. Early repolarization syndrome was found in 47% of cases. In athletes, high-performance sport can result in electrical modifications. Practitioners need to know them in order to differentiate them from heart disease.

[Severe acute limb ischemia resulting in rescue disarticulation in a patient with Nicolau syndrome following intramuscular penicillin injection: a case report]. / Ischémie aiguë de membre sévère sanctionnée par désarticulation de sauvetage dans un contexte de syndrome de Nicolau suite à une injection intramusculaire de pénicilline: à propos d'un cas.

We here report the case of a 9-year-old child suffering from Nicolau syndrome involving the left pelvic limb with severe acute limb ischemia following intramuscular benzathine penicillin injection into the buttock. Given the rarity of acute limb ischemia in children, this case of complicated Nicolau syndrome combining acute arterial thrombosis and severe rhabdomyolysis leading to rescue hip dislocation is very interesting.

[Prevalence and knowledge of arterial hypertension in the elderly: cross-sectional study conducted in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso]. / Prévalence et connaissances de l'hypertension artérielle chez les personnes âgées: étude transversale menée à Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

This study aims to determine the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) in the elderly people as well as their knowledge of this disease. We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study in the town of Bobo-Dioulasso from October to November 2015 at the intervention sites of the Association of Medical Assistance to elderly people "KAFOLI". Patients aged 60 years and more, with or without hypertension, who wished to participate in the study were included. Subjects were considered to be hypertensive when they had systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or when they were under antihypertensive treatment. Socio-demographic and clinical data as well as the risk factors associated with the disease were collected. Knowledges on arterial hypertension were based on general knowledges about arterial hypertension as sources of information about it. A total of 88 subjects were included in this study. The study involved 56 women and 32 men (sex ratio 0.57). The average age of patients was 71 years (IQR:66-76). The prevalence of arterial hypertension was 61,36% and it was associated with knowledges about AH and with alcohol consumption; 68.18 % of patients had knowledge of AH. The majority of them were followed up in first-level health care nursing centres (64,81%). This study highlighted a high prevalence of hypertension in elderly people living in Bobo-Dioulasso. The majority of these persons were aware of this disease. In the majority of cases follow-up was ensured by nursing staff.

[Electrocardiography coupled with transthoracic echocardiography at rest in the diagnosis of cardiac impairments in type 2 diabetics: lessons learned from a cross-sectional case series in Burkina Faso]. / Electrocardiographie couplé à l'échocardiographie transthoracique de repos dans le diagnostic des atteintes cardiaques chez le diabétique de type 2: les enseignements d'une série transversale au Burkina Faso.

Diabetes is a powerful independent cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of this study is to describe the electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities observed in patients with type 2 diabetes treated in the Department of Medicine at the University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of all patients with type 2 diabetes who gave consent from April to September 2014. We gathered clinical data from all the patients. They, moreover, underwent electrocardiography and doppler echocardiography. A total of 155 diabetics were investigated. The average age of patients was 55 years (IQR: 47-64) with a female predominance (sex ratio 0.5). Electrocardiographic abnormalities included repolarization abnormalities (31%) and atrial rhythm disorders (16,12%). Echocardiographic examination showed left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in 20,64% of cases. Left atrium was dilated in 14.19% of cases, LV was dilated in 1.3% of cases. Abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction was detected in 3.87% of cases. Nosological entities included hypertensive heart disease in 27 cases (54%), ischemic heart disease in 19 cases (38%), dilated cardiomyopathy in 2 cases (4%) and diabetic cardiomyopathy in 2 cases (4%). Heart failure was detected in 22 cases (44%) independently from cardiac impairment. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities are frequent in type 2 diabetes population at the University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso. Improved cooperation between cardiologists and diabetologists as well as the establishment of adequate technical screening equipment would be prerequisite for better cardiac risk stratification in this population.

Can Urbanization, Social and Spatial Disparities Help to Understand the Rise of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Bobo-Dioulasso? A Study in a Secondary City of Burkina Faso, West Africa.

Background: Unplanned urbanization plays a key role in chronic disease growth. This population-based cross-sectional study assessed the occurrence of cardiometabolic risk factors in Bobo-Dioulasso and their association with urbanization conditions. Methods: Through spatial sampling, four Bobo-Dioulasso sub-spaces were selected for a population survey to measure the adult health status. Yéguéré, Dogona, Tounouma and Secteur 25 had very different urbanization conditions (position within the city; time of creation and healthcare structure access). The sample size was estimated at 1000 households (250 for each sub-space) in which one adult (35 to 59-year-old) was randomly selected. Finally, 860 adults were surveyed. Anthropometric, socioeconomic and clinical data were collected. Arterial blood pressure was measured and blood samples were collected to assess glycemia. Results: Weight, body mass index and waist circumference (mean values) and serum glycemia (83.4 mg/dL ± 4.62 mmol/L) were significantly higher in Tounouma, Dogona, and Secteur 25 than in Yéguéré; the poorest and most rural-like sub-space (p = 0.001). Overall, 43.2%, 40.5%, 5.3% and 60.9% of participants had overweight, hypertension, hyperglycemia and one or more cardiometabolic risk markers, respectively. Conclusions: Bobo-Dioulasso is unprepared to face this public health issue and urgent responses are needed to reduce the health risks associated with unplanned urbanization.

[Cardiopathies in children hospitalized at the University hospital Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso: echocardiographic and therapeutic aspects]. / Les cardiopathies de l'enfant au CHU Souro Sanou de Bobo-Dioulasso: aspects échocardiographies et thérapeutiques.

Children's heart diseases in Africa represent a public health problem that is difficult to cope with due to young population density, low socioeconomic status and lack of suitable technical platforms. This study aims to highlight the echocardiographic and therapeutic aspects of cardiopathies in children hospitalized at the pediatric department of the University Hospital Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study over the period January 2013-December 2014 (24 months). It was based on a literature review of echocardiography reports performed on children under 15 years of age in the echocardiography laboratory of CHUSS and of medical records of their therapeutic follow-up. During the study period, 184 echocardiographic examinations were performed and allowed identification of 93 cases of children with heart disease (50.50% of cases). Among them, 71% (66/93) of cases with congenital cardiopathies were distinguished and 29% (27/93) of acquired cardiopathies. The most common congenital heart diseases were: IVC (27.2%), IAC (10.6%), AVC (7.5%), F4T (9.1%), CAT (6%), related forms ( 15%). Acquired heart diseases were dominated by rheumatic valve diseases (48%), hypokinetic dilated cardiomyopathy (33.3%) and pericardial tamponade (18.5%). Surgery was recommended in 53.7% (50/93) of cases, of whom 86% (43/50) with congenital heart diseases and 14% (7/50) with acquired heart diseases. 21% (9/43) of patients with congenital heart diseases underwent cardiac surgery. No acquired heart disease requiring surgery was surgically treated. Cardiopathies in children are frequent in Bobo-Dioulasso. Multidisciplinary strategies associated with resource optimization should improve the management of these cardiopathies.