Phénotypes de résistance des souches d'escherichia coli responsables des infections urinaires communautaires dans la ville de Yaoundé (Cameroun)

Introduction. L'objectif etait de rechercher les phenotypes de resistance des souches d'Escherichia coli (E. coli) dans les infections urinaires a Yaounde. Methodologie. Il s'agissait d'une etude prospective realisee de juin a decembre 2012. Les souches collectees dans quelques laboratoires ont ete identifiees par la galerie API 20E ; l'antibiogramme a ete realise par la methode des disques selon le CA-SFM 2012. La cytologie urinaire a ete effectuee par coloration de Papanicolaou. Resultats. Au total 103 souches d'E. coli ont ete isolees sur une cytologie urinaire avec des cellules transitionnelles reactives. L'antibiogramme a revele un haut niveau de resistance aux penicillines 76%-93;2% et inhibiteurs; cefalotine 60% et cefotaxime 69;9%. L'imipeneme a ete active sur toutes les souches. Les phenotypes de haut niveau de resistance etaient frequents chez les sujets de plus de 60 ans. Conclusion. Les phenotypes de resistance des souches d'E. coli ont ete frequemment retrouves dans la communaute

[Cardiac surgery in Cameroon. Results at one year of the pilot phase]. / Chirurgie cardiaque au Cameroun. Résultats à un an de la phase pilote.

In the framework of implementation of his national program for control and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, Cameroonian government has set up a cardiac surgery project. We report in this manuscript results of one year follow up of the patients operated during the pilot phase. From September 22 till 26, 2008, 11 patients have been operated in Cameroun. Surgical procedures were 5 mitral mechanic valve replacement, 2 aortic mechanic valve replacement, 1 atrial septal defect closure, 2 pace maker implantation. No intrahospital death was observed. One patient died at 11th month after the operation due to mitral valve thrombosis and attributed to lack of compliance. One patient presented low cardiac output, pneumonia and a pleural effusion. 2 patients presented 2 minor complications consisting of pericarditis and superficial wound infection. The results of the pilot phase of cardiac surgery in Cameroon are effective. However, the sustainability of the program require human, material capacity building, and funding mechanism as well.

[Early ENT manifestations of HIV infection/AIDS. An analysis of 76 cases observed in Africa]. / Manifestations Oto-Rhino-Laryngologiques inaugurales de l'infection à VIH/SIDA. Analyse de 76 cas observés en milieu africain.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work is to describe the ENT clinical manifestations by which HIV positive patients inaugurate their AIDS-illness and to classify these manifestations in respect to the biological state of the infection. MATERIAL AND METHOD: It was a multicenter, prospective study carried out in the ENT services of Yaounde (Cameroon), between the period of September 2000 and June 2002. Included in this study were HIV patients who started their AIDS with an ENT illness. The stage of evolution of the HIV infection was evaluated using the CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte counts. This was carried out using the Flux cytometric technique of Fascount/Becton. RESULTS: We thereafter recruited 76 patients. The incidence rate of ENT early manifestations in HIV positive patients was 11.5%. Pharyngeal and oral candidosis represented the most observed manifestation (30.60%), followed by peripheral facial paralysis (11.13%) and rhino-sinusitis (10.58%). Parotid gland hypertrophy represented 8.23% of the affections. Persistant cervical lymphadenopathy was observed in 7.05% of cases. Kaposi sarcoma and cervical lymph node tuberculosis represented each 3.53% of cases of the sample. The correlation of lymphocytic count and initial ENT manifestations showed that these manifestations were observed in all the biological states of the HIV/AIDS infection. CONCLUSION: The above mentioned ENT manifestations in the patient should motivate the request of the HIV screening tests.