Traduction franco-canadienne de l'Assessment of Systematic Reviews Revised (AMSTAR 2) : validation transculturelle et fidélité interjuges.

Objective: Produce a French-Canadian translation of AMSTAR 2, affirm its content validity, and examine interrater reliability. Methods: Based on Vallerand's methodological approach, we conducted forward and parallel inverse-translations. Subsequently, an expert panel evaluated the translations to create a preliminary experimental French-Canadian version. A second expert panel examined this version and proposed additional modifications. Twenty future health professionals then rated the second experimental version for ambiguity on a scale (from 1 to 7). The principal co-investigators then reviewed the problematic elements and proposed a pre-official version. To ascertain content validity, a final back-translation was conducted resulting in the official version. Four judges evaluated 13 systematic reviews using the official French-Canadian version of AMSTAR 2. The Kappa coefficient was used to evaluate interrater reliability. Results: This rigorous adaptation enabled the development of a Franco-Canadian version of AMSTAR 2. Its application demonstrated low ambiguity (mean 1.15; SD 0.26) as well as good overall interrater reliability (total κ > 0.64) across all items. Conclusion: The French-Canadian version of AMSTAR 2 can now support francophone clinicians, educators, and managers in Canada as they undertake evidence-based practice.

Le transfert des connaissances en soins de plaies chez les infirmières : une revue intégrative des écrits.

Introduction : Wound care represents a public health issue and is an important concern for nursing care.Context : Despite the availability of best practice recommendations and clinical practice guidelines, there is a lack of use of this evidence in clinical practice.Objectives : The aim of this integrative review is to identify the barriers to nurses’ optimal knowledge transfer in wound care.Method : An integrative literature review based on Whittemore and Knalf’s (2005) methodology was conducted ; six databases were searched.Results : Of the 82 articles that were retrieved, 13 were retained for analysis. They were all published in English. The literature highlights a theory–practice gap in wound care. Barriers related to knowledge, attitudes, and environmental factors contribute to this gap.Discussion : Nursing could benefit from interventions to improve its role in wound care. The perspectives of new graduate nurses as well as nurses working in rural healthcare settings were limited.Conclusion : A strategic plan, adapted to the situation of each healthcare facility, could improve the quality of wound care practice.

Validation transculturelle de contenu de la version franco-canadienne de l'échelle COREQ.

Purpose: The main purpose of this article is to produce a French-Canadian translation of the Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ) scale under the proposed name "échelle COREQ" and to assess the transcultural validity of its content. The secondary purpose is to examine the inter-rater reliability of the French-Canadian version of the COREQ scale. Method: A modified approach to Vallerand's methodology (1989) for cross-cultural validation was used. First, a parallel back-translation of the COREQ scale was performed, by both professionals and clinicians. Next, a first committee of experts(P1) examined the translations to create a first draft of the French-Canadian version of the COREQ scale. This draft was then evaluated and modified by a second committee of experts (P2). Finally, 28future professionals (master's students in physiotherapy) rated this second draft of the tool for clarity using a seven-point scale (1:very clear; 7:very ambiguous). The principal co-investigators then reviewed the problematic elements and proposed final changes. Two independent raters used this French-Canadian version of the COREQ scale to assess 13qualitative studies that were published in French after the year2007. The kappa coefficient was used to examine inter-rate reliability. Results: The different elements of the final version of the COREQ scale received an average ambiguity rating between 1.04 and 2.56. These low values show a high level of clarity for the French-Canadian version of the COREQ scale. In relation to the total score of the COREQ scale, inter-rater reliability (n = 2) is considered to be average to excellent for 62.5% of individual elements, according to the kappa values obtained. Conclusions: A valid French-Canadian version of the COREQ scale was created using this rigorous five-step process.

La version franco-canadienne du « STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology ¼ (STROBE) Statement : L'outil STROBE.

Purpose: The main purpose is to produce a French-Canadian translation of the "STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology" (STROBE) Statement under the proposed name of "outil STROBE" and to assess the cross-cultural validity of its content. The secondary purpose is to examine its preliminary interrater reliability. Method: A modified approach to Vallerand's cross-cultural validation methodology was used. First, professional translators and clinical practitioners produced a parallel reverse translation of the "STROBE Statement." Then, a committee of experts (P1) examined the translated versions and created a first experimental draft of the "outil STROBE." This draft was assessed and modified by a second committee of experts (P2). Finally, 32 future professionals doing their master's degree in physiotherapy and occupational therapy assessed this second experimental version of the tool using an ambiguity scale of 8 points (0 meaning "not at all ambiguous" and 7 meaning "extremely ambiguous"). The main co-researchers examined the problematic elements and proposed final modifications. Ten observational studies published in French after 1980 were assessed by two independent raters using the French-Canadian version of the "outil STROBE." The kappa coefficient was used to examine interrater reliability. Results: For the different elements of the final version of the "outil STROBE," the averages on the ambiguity scale varied from 0.0 to 2.4. No element received an average below 2.4, which showed a high level of clarity. The interrater reliability (n = 2) for the "outil STROBE" is thought to be good for 74% of individual elements, according to the kappa coefficient values obtained. Conclusions: The process's five rigorous steps enabled the production of a valid French-Canadian version of the "STROBE Statement."

La version franco-canadienne de l'outil Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR).

Objectives: The primary objective was to produce a French-Canadian translation of AMSTAR (a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews) and to examine the validity of the translation's contents. The secondary and tertiary objectives were to assess the inter-rater reliability and factorial construct validity of this French-Canadian version of AMSTAR. Methods: A modified approach to Vallerand's methodology (1989) for cross-cultural validation was used.1 First, a parallel back-translation of AMSTAR2 was performed, by both professionals and future professionals. Next, a first committee of experts (P1) examined the translations to create a first draft of the French-Canadian version of the AMSTAR tool. This draft was then evaluated and modified by a second committee of experts (P2). Following that, 18 future professionals (master's students in physiotherapy) rated this second draft of the instrument for clarity using a seven-point scale (1: very clear; 7: very ambiguous). Lastly, the principal co-investigators then reviewed the problematic elements and proposed final changes. Four independent raters used this French-Canadian version of AMSTAR to assess 20 systematic reviews that were published in French after the year 2000. An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and kappa coefficient were calculated to measure the tool's inter-rater reliability. A Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also calculated to measure internal consistency. In addition, factor analysis was used to evaluate construct validity in order to determine the number of dimensions. Results: The statements on the final version of the AMSTAR tool received an average ambiguity rating of between 1.0 and 1.4. No statement received an average rating below 1.4, which indicates a high level of clarity. Inter-rater reliability (n=4) for the instrument's total score was moderate, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29, 0.97). Inter-rater reliability for 82% of the individual items was good, according to the kappa values obtained. Internal consistency was excellent, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.99). The French-Canadian version of AMSTAR is a unidimensional tool, as confirmed by factor analysis and community values greater than 0.30. Conclusion: A valid French-Canadian version of AMSTAR was created using this rigorous five-step process. This version is unidimensional, with moderate inter-rater reliability for the elements overall, and with excellent internal consistency. This tool could be valuable to French-Canadian professionals and researchers, and could also be of interest to the international Francophone community.

The effect of an educational pre-operative DVD on parents' and children's outcomes after a same-day surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

AIMS: To examine the effect of a pre-operative DVD on parents' knowledge, participation and anxiety and on children's distress, pain, analgesic requirements and length of recovery after same-day surgery. BACKGROUND: Very few parents are adequately prepared to participate in their child's care during a same-day surgery. An educational DVD was developed to educate parents on how to actively support their child in the recovery room. DESIGN: Single-blind, post-test randomized controlled trial. Study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02766452. METHODS: Between September 2011-September 2012, 123 parent-child dyads where the child underwent an ENT or dental same-day surgery were recruited in a Canadian paediatric hospital. Dyads were randomly assigned to either the intervention (DVD and standard preparation) or control group (standard preparation). Parents and children were videotaped in the recovery room where parental participation and anxiety and children's distress were measured. Data on parents' knowledge, children's postoperative pain, analgesic requirements and length of recovery were measured. Independent and paired t-tests, chi square and repeated measures anova were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Parents in the intervention group gained greater knowledge of and used more positive reinforcement and distraction and relaxation methods than those in the control group. Children's postoperative pain in the day-care surgery unit was significantly lower among the intervention group compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: A pre-operative DVD can increase parents' participation in the recovery room and decrease children's postoperative pain.

[Visible minority nurses and vertical mobility in hospitals] / Infirmières issues de minorités visibles et mobilité verticale en milieu hospitalier.

Canada has experienced a significant change in its ethnic and cultural composition in recent decades. The sustained immigration from non-European countries has given rise to new generation of visible minorities. This new trend is clearly reflected in healthcare institutions. However, the number of visible minority nurses (VMN) is particularly low in management positions. This research adopting critical ethnography and postcolonial approach focuses on the career paths of VMN in Canadian healthcare institutions. Nurses (n = eight, MVN) and managers (n = four caucasian) participated in a series of semi-structured interviews to gather relevant information about the representativeness of the VMN in management positions. Theoretical framework « Othering ¼ was used to guide this research as it makes the link with "la lutte de classement" of Bourdieu. Four main themes closely associated with barriers emerged from the analysis namely ; Hiring and Promotion ; instrumentalization of IMV ; interpersonal and suffering and defensive strategies. Results showed that the VMN faced obstacles, often invisible, that contribute to keeping them at a lower level of the institutional hierarchy, including the hiring and promotion process that they describe as unfair and discriminatory.

Partnering with parents in a pediatric ambulatory care setting: a new model.

Pediatric care has greatly evolved during the past 30 years, moving from a traditional, medically oriented approach to a more consultative, interactive model. In the literature, the concept of partnership has been explored and presented in various terms, including presence, collaboration, involvement, and participation. The models of partnership that have been proposed have rarely been evaluated, and do not take the unique environment of ambulatory care into account. Based on a literature review, strong clinical experience with families, and previous research with parents and health professionals, both the conceptual and empirical phases of a new model are described. This model can be adapted to other pediatric health care contexts in either primary or tertiary care and should be evaluated in terms of efficacy and usefulness.

[Franco-Ontarian parenting couples living in the Ottawa region and their perceptions regarding the usefulness of prenatal classes]. / Les rencontres prénatales : sont-elles utiles ? La perception des couples parentaux franco-ontariens de la région d'Ottawa.

In the last few years, there has been an important decrease in parents' interest and participation in prenatal classes in Canada and elsewhere in the world. Partial results were obtained on parenting couples' participation in and satisfaction with prenatal classes, from a larger study involving 103 francophone couples living in Ottawa, using'a mixed methods descriptive and longitudinal research design. This article aims to present the reasons why parents do not participate in prenatal classes and their suggestions to improve them. Several parents indicated that subjects such as pain management, birthing with a midwife, labor support from a doula, breastfeeding, and postnatal sexuality should be added to the classes. Also, they would like to have more flexible hours, more interaction during the classes, more emphasis given to expectant fathers, more access to a variety of resources and content and teaching methods that are more dynamically delivered. These research findings will provide recommendations for the delivery of prenatal education, for nurses' training in this domain, and for future research.

[Not Available]. / Une version franco-canadienne de la Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale : L'Échelle PEDro.

PURPOSE: To prepare a Canadian French translation of the PEDro Scale under the proposed name l'Échelle PEDro, and to examine the validity of its content. METHODS: A modified approach of Vallerand's cross-cultural validation methodology was used, beginning with a parallel back-translation of the PEDro scale by both professional translators and clinical researchers. These versions were reviewed by an initial panel of experts (P1), who then created the first experimental version of l'Échelle PEDro. This version was evaluated by a second panel of experts (P2). Finally, 32 clinical researchers evaluated the second experimental version of l'Échelle PEDro, using a 5-point clarity scale, and suggested final modifications. RESULTS: The various items on the final version of l'Échelle PEDro show a high degree of clarity (from 4.0 to 4.7 on the 5-point scale). CONCLUSION: The four rigorous steps of the translation process have produced a valid Canadian French version of the PEDro scale.

Evaluation of a virtual tour for children undergoing same-day surgery and their parents.

This study evaluated a virtual tour entitled, "Surgery Virtual Tour," offered on a Web site of a university-affiliated pediatric center. A pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was used to assess the level of health care knowledge, emotional state, degree of utilization, and perceived usefulness of the Virtual Tour. The convenience sample consisted of 138 children having same-day surgery and their parents. The "Surgery Virtual Tour" was used by 55% of 138 families. Children who viewed the Web site had statistically significant higher knowledge scores than those who did not. Although there was no statistically significant difference in emotional distress for children in either group before the surgery (Time 1) to the day of the surgery (Time 2), parents' level of emotional distress increased significantly from Time 1 to Time 2 when they took the Virtual Tour. The results of this study will help clinicians and managers build virtual tours for children undergoing same-day surgery and their parents.

[Evaluation of a preoperative virtual tour for parents and children]. / Evaluation d'une visite virtuelle pré-opératoire pour parents et enfants.

A Canadian pediatric center has set a preoperative virtual tour on its website. This tour was evaluated by a descriptive study, in terms of utilization, efficacy and usefulness. The tour was utilized by 49.6% of the 123 families. Children of these families had a significant increase in knowledge from Time I (preop clinic) to Time 2 (day of surgery). Children and youth who did not use the tour reported themselves as more anxious the day of surgery but not significantly. There was no significant change in parents. The internet is a useful tool in families' preparation but cannot replace a direct interaction. Other researches are necessary in order to evaluate the impact of this type of preparation on the quality of care and on the child's recovery.

Health professionals' beliefs related to parental involvement in ambulatory care: an international inquiry.

Changes in health care delivery in Canada and Europe, especially the shift to ambulatory care, have modified the care that children and parents receive and have prompted the need for a partnership alliance. The objectives of this exploratory study were to identify Canadian and Belgian health professionals' beliefs and attitudes towards parental involvement in their child's ambulatory care and to determine if these beliefs varied according to cultural background. Health professionals from both countries generally were in favor of parental involvement in their child's care, but are uncertain about its advantages and disadvantages. Facilitators and barriers mentioned by the health care providers were related to parents' abilities or their attitudes toward partnership, and they also expressed a need for more education on the subject. Results of this study indicate that health professionals working in ambulatory care are not fully ready to utilize parents as true partners in their interventions with children and families. Staff education is an important step towards the establishment and maintenance of a real partnership.

[What do health professionals think about parents' participation in care for children?]. / Que pensent les professionnels de la santé de la participation des parents aux soins de l'enfant?

This research report concerns a pilot study carried out in Canada and Belgium concerning the beliefs and attitudes of healthcare professionals--doctors and nurses--regarding parents' participation in ambulatory care for their children. The professionals surveyed see many advantages in such participation, including less stress for parents and children, but they also see some obstacles, most of them related to the parents themselves and the hospital environment.

Determinants of parental behaviour when children undergo day-care surgery.

AIMS: This paper reports an investigation of the nature and strength of parental beliefs about their participation in their children's day-care surgery as well as demonstrated parental behaviours during the immediate post-recovery period. BACKGROUND: Parents want to participate in their children's hospital care but their behaviour does not reflect their intention. Parents' beliefs about their role in the hospital may be a factor influencing the way they help their children at the course of a day-care surgery. RESEARCH METHODS: A descriptive correlative design was used. French and English speaking parents of 3-12-year old children were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire which comprised 42 items measuring the intensity of attitudes, norms and sense of control and their influence in predicting their intention to participate in hospital care. Parents' behaviours during the first hour following the child's return from the recovery room were video-recorded. RESULTS: A total of 220 parents participated in the study. Parental beliefs about participation in care were quite strong in terms of subjective norms, sense of control and attitude, predicting 64% of their intention to participate. Parents demonstrated mostly attitude type behaviours, while the level of demonstrated helping behaviours was somewhat low. CONCLUSIONS: Parents can be valuable partners in ambulatory care settings. Clinicians and health care managers should aim at establishing a true partnership with parents, in order to improve the quality of care given to children and their family in hospital and at home.

Fathers' behavior during their child's ambulatory surgery.

This study is a secondary analysis of data previously collected to examine the effects of preoperative parental teaching in ambulatory pediatric surgery. The authors used a descriptive comparative design to re-examine and differentiate mothers' and fathers' behaviors during their child's ambulatory surgery experience. Parental behaviors of 142 families during the hour following their child's return from surgery were captured on videotape and scored by two nurses using the Parental Behaviors Inventory. The final sample was comprised of 78 fathers and 131 mothers. Fathers and mothers demonstrated similar types of behaviors, mostly behaviors such as showing affection and giving some physical care. Fathers were less present at the bedside than mothers and demonstrated quantifiably less helping behaviors than mothers. The results of this analysis illustrated that fathers demonstrate helping behaviors at the hospital and that these behaviors can be encouraged and supported by hospital staff. Additional research is needed with larger samples and with different ethnicities that investigates fathers' roles in this and other healthcare settings and that will lead to programs aimed at building fathers' competencies in their child's health care.