Assuntos
Biotina/análise , Biotina/sangue , Artefatos , Biotina/metabolismo , Gonadotropina Coriônica/análise , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Estudos de Coortes , Suplementos Nutricionais , Uso Indevido de Medicamentos/tendências , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Prevalência , Medição de Risco/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although serum ferritin is considered a reliable indicator of iron stores, there are few data documenting the prevalence of low ferritin in representative samples of young women. AIMS: To estimate the prevalence of low ferritin and to identify factors associated with low ferritin in young Australian women. METHODS: Women, aged 18-39 years, living in the eastern states of Australia were recruited by email to a cross-sectional, online questionnaire-based study between November 2016 and July 2017. Participants not pregnant, breast feeding, taking hormonal contraception, using assisted reproduction or postmenopausal were invited to provide a blood sample. RESULTS: Of the 3689 invited participants, 761 (23.1%) provided a sample and 736 women, mean (SD) age 31.7 (±5.6) years, were included in the analyses. The overall prevalence of serum ferritin <30 µg/L was 34.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 31.4-38.3%), with 41.4% (35.1-48.0%) in NSW, 31.5% (26.4-37.1%) in Victoria and 32.6% (26.8-39.0%) in Queensland. Serum ferritin <30 µg/L was positively associated with the reporting of >2 days of heavy menstrual bleeding (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.73, 95% CI 1.15-2.59), living in New South Wales (AOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.07-2.30), not working outside home (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.01-2.49), and inversely associated with never experiencing heavy menses (AOR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23-0.93) and obesity (AOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.21-0.50). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that serum ferritin below 30 µg/L is common amongst young Australian women. Healthcare professionals should note the association between low ferritin and heavy bleeding.
Assuntos
Ferro/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Ferritinas , Humanos , New South Wales , Gravidez , Queensland , Vitória , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Biotina/administração & dosagem , Biotina/efeitos adversos , Erros de Diagnóstico , Hipertireoidismo/diagnóstico , Esclerose Múltipla/tratamento farmacológico , Austrália , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Colaboração Intersetorial , Testes de Função Tireóidea , Hormônios Tireóideos/sangueRESUMO
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells kill their targets by secreting specialized granules that contain potent cytotoxic molecules. Through the study of rare immunodeficiency diseases in which this granule pathway of killing is impaired, proteins such as Rab27a have been identified as components of the secretory machinery of these killer cells. Recent evidence suggests that the destruction of activated lymphocytes through granule-mediated killing may be an important mechanism of immunological homeostasis. Although the process by which this occurs is not yet known, it is possible that events taking place at the immunological synapse may render the killer cell susceptible to fratricidal attack by other killer cells.