[Urological works and biography of Dr. Felipe Alcalá Santaella Nuñez (1927-1977). Historical documentary analysis]. / Obra urológica y biografía del doctor Felipe Alcala-Santaella Núnez (1927-1977). Análisis documental histórico.

OBJECTIVES: In the middle of the 20th century, Urology in Valencia was fully consolidated as a surgical speciality since Prof. Molla started it about the end of the 19th century; Dr. Felipe Alcala Santaella Nuñez stands out as the chairman of the Department of Urology of the "Hospital Provincial de Valencia", after his father Dr. Rafael Alcalá Santaella. He achieved to form a group of renowned professionals, some of which still are in active practice. METHODS: We reviewed all his scientific work and the journals it was published in, mainly Archivos Espaioles de Urologia, through the Department of Medical History of the University of Valencia. His biography was reconstructed using the "Biographic and Bibliographic History of Spanish Urology" by Drs. E. Maganto Pavón and M. Pérez Albacete, as well as direct interviews with family members. DISCUSSION: We emphasize the magnificent approach to the clinical presentations of tuberculosis he does in his doctoral thesis, analyzing its types by location, main features, and most adequate treatment. He also emphasized the importance of relapse in lithiasic patients and recommendations to be follow, as well as the condition of bladder neoplasias. CONCLUSIONS: We consider Dr. Felipe Alcalá Santaella Nuñez as a wide-experience-professional who mode solid contributions to the regional urology in his times, thanks to his excellent surgical abilities and dedication.

Obra urológica y biografía del doctor Felipe Alcalá-Santaella Núñez (1927-1977). Análisis documental histórico / Urological works and biography of Dr. Felipe Alcalá Santaella Núñez (1927-1977). Historical documentary analysis

OBJETIVO: A mediados del S. XX, con una Urología en Valencia ya plenamente consolidada como especializada desde que el Profesor Mollá iniciara tal menester a finales del S. XIX, encontramos al Dr. Felipe Alcalá-Santaella Núñez, quien destacó como jefe del servicio de Urología del Hospital Provincial de Valencia, sustituyendo a su padre, D. Rafael Alcalá Santaella. En dicho ámbito logró formar un grupo de profesionales de renombre en el ámbito nacional, algunos de los cuales todavía ejercen en la actualidad. MÉTODOS: Revisamos a través del Departamento de Historia de la Medicina de la Universidad de Valencia toda su obra científica y las revistas en la que ha sido publicada, fundamentalmente la revista Archivos Españoles de Urología. Su biografía ha sido reconstruida usando como fuente la obra Historia Biográfica y Bibliográfica de la Urología Española de los Dres. E. Maganto Pavón y M. Pérez Albacete, así como entrevista con familiares directos. RESULTADOS: Destaca el magnífico abordaje que hace en su tesis doctoral de las formas clínicas de la tuberculosis renal, donde analiza sus tipos según localización, principales características y terapéutica mas adecuada. Realza también la importancia de la recidiva en los enfermos litiásicos y las recomendaciones a seguir, así como, en otro trabajo, la misma condición de las neoplasias vesicales. CONCLUSIONES: Consideramos a Felipe Alcalá-Santaella Núñez como un profesional de amplio bagaje y de sólida aportación en la Urología Regional de sus tiempos, dadas, según quienes le conocieron personalmente, sus excelentes capacidades quirúrgicas y dedicación a su profesión

OBJECTIVES: In the middle of the 20th century, Urology in Valencia was fully consolidated as a surgical speciality since Prof. Molla started it about the end of the 19th century; Dr. Felipe Alcala Santaella Nuñez stands out as the chairman of the Department of Urology of the “Hospital Provincial de Valencia”, after his father Dr.Rafael Alcalá Santaella. He achieved to form a group of renowned professionals, some of which still are in active practice. METHODS: We reviewed all his scientific work and the journals it was published in, mainly Archivos Españoles de Urología, through the Department of Medical History of the University of Valencia. His biography was reconstructed using the “Biographic and Bibliographic History of Spanish Urology” by Drs. E. Maganto Pavón and M. Pérez Albacete, as well as direct interviews with family members. DISCUSSION: We emphasize the magnificent approach to the clinical presentations of tuberculosis he does in his doctoral thesis, analyzing its types by location, main features, and most adequate treatment. He also emphasized the importance of relapse in lithiasic patients and recommendations to be follow, as well as the condition of bladder neoplasias. CONCLUSIONS: We consider Dr.Felipe Alcalá Santaella Nuñez as a wide-experience-professional who made solid contributions to the regional urology in his times, thanks to his excellent surgical abilities and dedication

Evolución del conocimiento en patología uretral en Valencia desde finales del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Análisis documental histórico / Evolution of knowledge of urethral pathology in Valencia from the end of the XIX century to the middle of XX century. Historical documentary analysis

OBJETIVO: La patología de la uretra hasuido siempre un interesante tema de estudio, apareciendoya en los textos de 600 años a.C., donde sedescriben los dilatadores de madera y metal. En laépoca judeo-musulmana aparecen las primeras uretrotomíasexternas, y Francisco Díaz describe en 1588 eltratamiento de las carnosidades de la verga. ConCiviale y Maisoneuve, entre 1700 y 1800, aparece ladescripción del uretrotomo, y finalmente a mediadosdel siglo XIX, se comienza con la búsqueda de tejidoscapaces de sustituir a la uretra.MÉTODOS: Revisamos todos los artículos de los autoresvalencianos de la época referidos a la patologíauretral, publicados fundamentalmente la RevistaValenciana de Ciencias Médicas. RESULTADOS: Destacamos el uso de las bujías y sondasen el abordaje de la patología estenótica uretral,por varios autores, con sus ventajas e inconvenientes.Asimismo, la descripción de una uretrotomía externapor el Prof. Mollá. Finalmente destacamos el tratamientode una rotura de uretra posterior mediante tunelizaciónpor el Dr. Alfredo Tramoyeres.CONCLUSIONES: A pesar de no ser una patologíacon un alto volumen de publicaciones, ha interesadodesde siempre a los autores. Exponemos todos los tratamientos,técnicas de sondaje y la dilatación como primeraopción

OBJECTIVES: Urethral pathology has ;;always been an interesting topic for study, being present ;;in texts from 600 years B.C, where wood and metallic ;;dilators are described. First external urethrotomies ;;appear in the Jewish-Muslim period, and Francisco Diaz ;;describes in 1588 the treatment of the prostate in his ;;book “Tratamiento de las carnosidades de la verga”. ;;With Civiale and Maisoneuve, between 1700 and ;;1800, appears the description of the urethrotome, and ;;finally in the middle XIX century starts the search for ;;adequate tissues to replace urethra. ;;METHODS: We review all articles on the topic of urethral ;;pathology from authors from Valencia in that period, mainly published in the journal “Revista Valenciana de ;;Ciencias Médicas”. ;;RESULTS: We emphasize the use of bulbs and sounds ;;in the approach to urethral stenosis by several authors, ;;with their advantages and limitations. We also emphasize ;;the description of external urethrotomy by Prof. Molla. ;;Finally, we point out the treatment of a posterior urethra ;;fracture by tunneling reported by Dr. Alfredo ;;Tramoyeres. ;;CONCLUSIONS: Despite not being a topic with a high ;;volume of publications, it has always interested authors. ;;We describe all treatments, and sound insertion and ;;dilation techniques as first option

[Valencia's scientific contribution to the consolidation of Urology as a speciality. Bibliometric classification by subject, author and journal. Historical documentary analysis]. / Aportación cientifica valenciana en la consolidación de la Urología como especialidad. Bibliometría por materias, autores y revistas. Análisis documental histórico.

OBJECTIVES: Urology, as other medical-surgical specialities, had its consolidation process in the mid 19th century. This phenomenon in the history of medicine occurs around certain authors, which in the case of urology in Valencia was Dr. Raphael Molla Rodrigo, and several key elements such as development of lithotripsy and cystoscopy, as cited by prestigious authors in the second national meeting of history of medicine in Salamanca in 1965. For this process a spreading media is necessary, either regional or national, for posterior bibliometric analysis. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of urological publications in the area of Valencia to know the main areas of knowledge, main authors and publications. Regarding this latter we point out Cronica medica, Revista Valenciana de Ciencias Médicas, Archivos Españoles de Urología y Policlínica. As authors, Rafael Molla Rodrigo, Victor Molla Fambuena and Rafael Alcalá Santaella stand out. Genitourinary tuberculosis and surgical procedures with their complications are among the most commonly treated topics. RESULTS: Dr. Rafael Molla Rodrigo is the author with the highest number of articles and the one who contributed to the consolidation of the speciality nationwide with his extensive scientific contributions. Genitourinary tuberculosis is extensively treated, and surgical procedures and their complications are in second place. The journal in which we were able to find more articles was Cronica Medica, due to its greater diffusion among general practitioners. CONCLUSIONS: We emphasize Dr. Rafael Molla as the main author, genitourinary-tuberculosis as the main topic and the journal Cronica Médica as the most commonly used media.

Aportación científica valenciana en la consolidación de la urología como especialidad. Bibliometría por materias, autores y revistas. Análisis documental histórico / Valencia´s scientific contribution to the consolidation of Urology as a speciality. Bibliometric classification by subject, author and journal. Historical documentary analysis

OBJETIVO: La urología, al igual que otras especialidades médico-quirúrgicas asisten a su proceso de consolidación a mediados del siglo XIX. Este fenómeno en la historia de la medicina se produce en torno a determinados autores, que en el caso de esta especialidad en Valencia fue en torno a Rafael Mollá Rodrigo y citándose elementos clave como fueron el desarrollo de la litotricia y la cistoscopia, según citan prestigiosos autores en el segundo congreso nacional de historia de la medicina celebrado en Salamanca en 1965. Para este proceso es necesario un medio de difusión, bien de carácter regional o nacional, para el posterior análisis bibliométrico. MÉTODOS: Hemos realizado un estudio retrospectivo de las publicaciones urológicas en el ámbito geográfico valenciano, para conocer las principales áreas del conocimiento, los principales autores y los principales medios de difusión. En cuanto a estas últimas destacamos Crónica Médica, Revista Valenciana de Ciencias Médicas, Archivos Españoles de Urología y Policlínica. En cuanto a los autores destacamos a Rafael Mollá Rodrigo, Víctor Mollá Fambuena y Rafael Alcalá Santaella. De entre los temas más tratados hemos podido constatar que se tratan de la tuberculosis genitourinaria y los procedimientos quirúrgicos y sus complicaciones. RESULTADOS: El Dr. Rafael Mollá Rodrigo es el autor del que más artículos se han localizado y el que, con sus amplias aportaciones científicas, contribuye a la consolidación de la especialidad en el ámbito nacional. Se tratan ampliamente las áreas de tuberculosis genitourinaria y procedimientos quirúrgicos y sus complicaciones en segundo lugar. La revista en que mayor número de artículos hemos podido localizar ha sido Crónica Médica, por su mayor difusión entre médicos generales. CONCLUSIONES: Destacamos a Rafael Mollá como el principal autor, la tuberculosis genitourinaria como tema principal y la revista Crónica Médica como medio de difusión mas usado (AU)

OBJECTIVES: Urology, as other medicalsurgical specialities, had its consolidation process in the mid 19th century. This phenomenon in the history of medicine occurs around certain authors, which in the case of urology in Valencia was Dr. Raphael Molla Rodrigo, and several key elements such as development of lithotripsy and cystoscopy, as cited by prestigious authors in the second national meeting of history of medicine in Salamanca in 1965. For this process a spreading media is necessary, either regional or national, for posterior bibliometric analysis. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of urological publications in the area of Valencia to know the main areas of knowledge, main authors and publications. Regarding this latter we point out Cronica medica, Revista Valenciana de Ciencias Médicas, Archivos Españoles de Urología y Policlínica. As authors, Rafael Molla Rodrigo, Victor Molla Fambuena and Rafael Alcalá Santaella stand out. Genitourinary tuberculosis and surgical procedures with their complications are among the most commonly treated topics. RESULTS: Dr. Rafael Molla Rodrigo is the author with the highest number of articles and the one who contributed to the consolidation of the speciality nationwide with his extensive scientific contributions. Genitourinary tuberculosis is extensively treated, and surgical procedures and their complications are in second place. The journal in which we were able to find more articles was Cronica Medica, due to its greater diffusion among general practitioners. CONCLUSIONS: We emphasize Dr. Rafael Molla as the main author, genitourinary tuberculosis as the main topic and the journal Cronica Médica as the most commonly used media (AU)

[Genitourinary tuberculosis in the urologic works of Professor Rafael Mollá Rodrigo]. / La tuberculosis genitourinaria en la obra urológica del profe- sor Rafael Mollá Rodrigo (1862--1930). Análisis documental histórico de su obra.

OBJECTIVES: Professor Rafael Molla Rodrigo is considered by some the author who contributed with his scientific work and solid technique to consolidate Urology as a speciality in Valencia. Such importance is also perceived in a national level, as demonstrated by the fact that he belonged to the first board of the Spanish Association of Urology and contributed to its foundation in the two-year period 1910--1911, from his position of head of the department of Surgical Therapy and Operations at the Central University. Genitourinary tuberculosis is one of the most outstanding chapters of his extensive works. METHODS: We reviewed all his works, selecting all original articles about genitourinary tuberculosis. Original articles have been obtained from the journals Revista de Higiene y Tuberculosis, La Medicina Valenciana, Revista Valenciana de Ciencias Médicas y Policínica, and from his two most important books, Clinical Lessons In Urology and Clinical Lessons in Urology and Genitourinary Surgery. RESULTS: Throughout his work he analyzes features of relevance about this disease, such as diagnosis, about which he emphasizes the clinical and bacteriological difficulties, and treatment, which was only feasible by precocious nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: He dedicates a great part of his work to the study of this pathology and defends a precocious diagnosis in order to perform the only treatment that had demonstrated efficacy. He also exposes the symptoms and variety of clinical presentations, as well as diagnosis through separate kidney catheterization with the aim to determine unilateral involvement.

[Bladder squamous metaplasia: report of one case and bibliographic review]. / Metaplasia escamosa vesical, a propósito de un caso. Revisión de la uteratura.

OBJECTIVES: We report a new case of squamous metaplasia because of its interest and subtle differential diagnosis with other bladder pathologies. METHODS: We report the case of a male patient with history of previous neoplasia with an exophytic lesion of the bladder wall discovered on follow-up. Pathological diagnosis after TUR was bladder squamous metaplasia. RESULTS: Follow-up is performed by ultrasound, cystoscopy, and urine cytology in adherence to clinical guidelines due to the possibility of transformation into squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Urothelium is able to develop non neoplastic transformations such as squamous metaplasia. The importance of such transformations depends on proper diagnosis and follow-up due to their ability to transform into a neoplastic process.

La tuberculosis genitourinaria en la obra urológica del profesor Rafael Mollá Rodrigo (1862-1930). Análisis documental histórico de su obra / Genitourinary tuberculosis in the urologic works of Professor Rafael Molla Rodrigo

OBJETIVO: El profesor Rafael Mollá Rodrigo está considerado por diversos autores, el autor que contribuyó con su obra científica y solidez técnica a consolidar la urología como especialidad en Valencia. Dicha importancia también se percibe a nivel nacional, como demuestra el hecho que perteneciese a la primera junta directiva de la Asociación Española de Urología y contribuyese a su fundación en el bienio 1910-1911, desde su cátedra de terapéutica quirúrgica y operaciones en la universidad central. La tuberculosis genitourinaria es uno de los capítulos más destacados de su extensa obra. MÉTODOS: Hemos revisado toda su obra, extrayendo todos los artículos originales en materia de tuberculosis genitourinaria. Los artículos originales han sido obtenidos de la Revista de Higiene y Tuberculosis, La Medicina Valenciana, Revista Valenciana de Ciencias Médicas y Policlínica, y de sus dos libros más importantes, Lecciones Clínicas de Urología y Lecciones Clínicas de Urología y Cirugía Genitourinaria. RESULTADOS: Analiza a lo largo de su obra aspectos tan relevantes como el diagnóstico, donde resalta las dificultades tanto clínicas como bacteriológicas y tratamiento de esta enfermedad, por entonces solo factible mediante la nefrectomía precoz. CONCLUSIONES: Dedica gran parte de su obra al estudio de esta patología y defiende un diagnóstico precoz para aplicar el único tratamiento que ha demostrado su efectividad. También expone la sintomatología y sus variadas formas clínicas, así como el diagnóstico a través del cateterismo de ambos riñones, con la finalidad de determinar la unilateralidad de la lesión (AU)

OBJECTIVES: Professor Rafael Molla Rodrigo is considered by some the author who contributed with his scientific work and solid technique to consolidate Urology as a speciality in Valencia. Such importance is also perceived in a national level, as demonstrated by the fact that he belonged to the first board of the Spanish Association of Urology and contributed to its foundation in the two-year period 1910-1911, from his position of head of the department of Surgical Therapy and Operations at the Central University. Genitourinary tuberculosis is one of the most outstanding chapters of his extensive works. METHODS: We reviewed all his works, selecting all original articles about genitourinary tuberculosis. Original articles have been obtained from the journals Revista de Higiene y Tuberculosis, La Medicina Valenciana, Revista Valenciana de Ciencias Médicas y Policínica, and from his two most important books, Clinical Lessons In Urology and Clinical Lessons in Urology and Genitourinary Surgery. RESULTS: Throughout his work he analyzes features of relevance about this disease, such as diagnosis, about which he emphasizes the clinical and bacteriological difficulties, and treatment, which was only feasible by precocious nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: He dedicates a great part of his work to the study of this pathology and defends a precocious diagnosis in order to perform the only treatment that had demonstrated efficacy. He also exposes the symptoms and variety of clinical presentations, as well as diagnosis through separate kidney catheterization with the aim to determine unilateral involvement (AU)

[Evolution of the knowledge of urethral pathology in Valencia from the end of the XIX century to the middle of XX century. Historical documentary analysis]. / Evolución del conocimiento en patología uretral en Valencia desde finales del siglo XIX hasta mediados del siglo XX. Análisis documental histórico.

OBJECTIVES: Urethral pathology has always been an interesting topic for study, being present in texts from 600 years B.C, where wood and metallic dilators are described. First external urethrotomies appear in the Jewish-Muslim period, and Francisco Diaz describes in 1588 the treatment of the prostate in his book "Tratamiento de las carnosidades de la verga". With Civiale and Maisoneuve, between 1700 and 1800, appears the description of the urethrotome, and finally in the middle XIX century starts the search for adequate tissues to replace urethra. METHODS: We review all articles on the topic of urethral pathology from authors from Valencia in that period, mainly published in the journal "Revista Valenciana de Ciencias Médicas". RESULTS: We emphasize the use of bulbs and sounds in the approach to urethral stenosis by several authors, with their advantages and limitations. We also emphasize the description of external urethrotomy by Prof. Molla. Finally, we point out the treatment of a posterior urethra fracture by tunneling reported by Dr. Alfredo Tramoyeres. CONCLUSIONS: Despite not being a topic with a high volume of publications, it has always interested authors. We describe all treatments, and sound insertion and dilation techniques as first option.

[Spontaneous recanalization of the vas deferent after vasectomy: report of 2 new cases. Bibliographic review]. / Recanauzación espontánea tras vasectomía: a propósito de 2 nuevos casos. Revisión de la literatura.

OBJECTIVES: Vasectomy is a low morbidity and high efficacy surgical method. A small percentage of cases may have paternity after surgery as a complication. METHODS: We reviewed all patients who underwent vasectomy at our department from 1995 to 1999 (n = 1492), defining technical failure as pregnancy or no disappearance of spermatozoids in the follow-up sperm analysis. RESULTS: We found 2 cases; one of them did not have a negative sperm test after three months, the other one's wife became pregnant after previous azoospermia. Both patients showed granulomas in the pathologic report after a second operation. CONCLUSIONS: Vasectomy is a surgical technique that may have a failure rate close to 2%. Paternity after the operation may appear even after several years. Several authors report the existence of granulomas in those cases in which spontaneous recanalization appears. In our series it was a constant.

[Urologic work and biography of Prof. Rafael Alcalá Santaella (1896-1959). Historical document analysis]. / Obra urológica y biografía del Profesor Rafael Alcalá Santaella (1896-1959). Análisis documental histórico.

OBJECTIVES: We find that Urology at the end of the 20th century was a consolidated speciality as a result of years of evolution and development, and the studies and works of authors whose contributions are considered today the basements of our speciality. So we think that Urology should be understood with its historical references, because, as Aristotle said "... thinks are better understood when one has got to clearly see how they were formed..." Numerous specialists contributed to this; among them we can cite Prof. Rafael Alcala Santaella, the object of this bibliographic and scientific works compilation paper. METHODS: We reviewed all his scientific works. Original articles have been obtained from Medicina Ibera, Revista Española de Cirugía y Urología, and Cirugía, Urología y Ginecología. His most important urologic work is Clinic Urology (1942), divided in 3 volumes. For his biography we used the biographic and bibliographic historical source of Spanish urology over the 20th-century and direct family members interviews. RESULTS: He analyzed topics as important as voiding disorders and the study of urine pyuria. He gave special importance to the study of prostatic pathology, its diagnosis by means of cystourethrography, and the modification of surgical techniques, as well as the results of urinary diversions performed in his department. CONCLUSIONS: Due to his extensive scientific and technical contributions he is one of the most outstanding figures of Valencia's Urology over the first half of the 20th century, together with Rafael Molla Rodrigo and Nicasio Benlloch Giner.

[Biography and analysis of the urologic works of Dr. Nicasio Benlloch Giner (1888-1957) (I)]. / Biografía y análisis de la obra urológica del Dr. Nicasio Benlloch Giner (1888-1957) (I).

OBJECTIVES: The practice of Urology in our country has a long tradition, as demonstrated by several treaties of surgery from the Renaissance; it was the end of the XIX century when the scientific basis of the speciality were established separate from Surgery, as some authors demonstrated, with the notorious contribution of Prof. Rafael Mollá Rodrigo. Dr. Nicasio Benlloch Giner (1888-1957) did the same at the beginning of the XX century when he came back from the professional school of George Marion, contributing to the consolidation of this speciality. METHODS: We reconstructed his biography and analyzed all his bibliography, both in regional and national journals. RESULTS: According to Nicasio Benlloch, renal lithiasis and its treatment were under controversy. Renal lithiasis might demand three indications: nephrectomy, pyelolithectomy and nephrolithectomy. In his chapter on intravenous pyelography he describes its absolute and relative indications. In his work about urinary catheterization and endoscopy he describes in detail the exploratory catheterization of urethra, bladder, and ureters, as well as the catheterization for evacuation and dilatation, and the most frequently used instruments. Finally, he talks about the benefits of endoscopic resection for bladder neck diseases and describes a resectoscope. CONCLUSIONS: Dr. Nicasio Benlloch contributes with his works to the consolidation of Urology as a speciality in Valencia, mainly in the field of lithiasis, a topic in which his works were fundamental.

[Biography and analysis of the urologic works of Dr. Nicasio Benlloch Giner (1888-1957) (II)]. / Biografía y análisis de la obra urológica del Dr. Nicasio Benlloch Giner (1888-1957) (II).

OBJECTIVES: The practice of Urology in our country has a long tradition, as demonstrated by several treaties of surgery from the Renaissance; it was the end of the XIX century when the scientific basis of the speciality were established separate from Surgery, as some authors demonstrated, with the notorious contribution of Prof. Rafael Mollá Rodrigo. Dr. Nicasio Benlloch Giner (1888-1957) did the same at the beginning of the XX century when he came back from the professional school of George Marion, contributing to the consolidation of this speciality. METHODS: We reconstructed his biography and analyzed all his bibliography, both in regional and national journals. RESULTS: According to Nicasio Benlloch, renal lithiasis and its treatment were under controversy. Renal lithiasis might demand three indications: nephrectomy, pyelolithectomy and nephrolithectomy. In his chapter on intravenous pyelography he describes its absolute and relative indications. In his work about urinary catheterization and endoscopy he describes in detail the exploratory catheterization of urethra, bladder, and ureters, as well as the catheterization for evacuation and dilatation, and the most frequently used instruments. Finally, he talks about the benefits of endoscopic resection for bladder neck diseases and describes a resectoscope. CONCLUSIONS: Dr. Nicasio Benlloch contributes with his works to the consolidation of Urology as a speciality in Valencia, mainly in the field of lithiasis, a topic in which his works were fundamental.

[Dr. Victor Mollá Frambuena (1901-1972): biography and analysis of his urologic work]. / Biografía y análisis de la obra urológica del Dr. Victor Mollá Fambuena (1901-1972).

OBJECTIVES/METHODS: Dr. Victor Mollá Frambuena developed his practice in Valencia during his whole professional career, following the steps of his father (the prestigious Professor Rafael Mollá Rodrigo), in the disappeared Red Cross Hospital where he became the first chairman of the department of urology. He published all his scientific work, which we analyze in this article, in this city, mainly in the journal "Cronica Médica". RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: After an exhaustive search, we analyze all the data about his medical biography and his scientific publications, this latter mainly in the journal Cronica Medico from 1928 to 1938, the year in which the last number was published.

[Seminal vesicle cyst. Report of one case and bibliography review]. / Quiste de vesícula seminal. A propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

OBJECTIVES: We report one case of seminal vesicle cyst with ectopic drainage of the left ureter. We performed a bibliographic review of this pathology. METHODS: 23-year-old patient who presented several episodes of acute epididymitis. Complementary study showed a retroprostatic cystic structure on transrectal ultrasound. Surgical treatment with resection of the cystic structure was proposed. RESULTS: The clinical picture which caused the process was solved and the patient keeps his fertility. CONCLUSIONS: This is a rather infrequent pathology that urologists should know. We bring up the need of performing complementary studies in pathologies that in spite of seeming banal do not progress satisfactorily.

[Treatment of urethral stenosis by self expandable endourethral prosthesis. Long-term results]. / Tratamiento de la estenosis de uretra mediante prótesis endouretral autoexpansible. Resultados a largo plazo.

OBJECTIVES: Urethral stenosis is a frequent disease in males. The variable results of its treatment have prompted the surgeon to search for new therapeutic alternatives. We propose to treat it by self expandable endourethral prosthesis. METHODS: Since February 1993 to March 2000 48 patients with urethral stenosis previously treated with endoscopic urethrotomy have undergone the procedure. RESULTS: All patients completed a minimum of 3 years of follow-up. Patients lost to follow-up for any cause were not included in the final study description. All patients had satisfactory micturition at the time of discharge. Mean flow on uroflowmetry at three years was higher than 14 ml/ s in 87.5% (42/48 patients evaluated). CONCLUSIONS: The use of self expandable endourethral prosthesis is a valid alternative in the treatment of recurrent urethral strictures due to its good long-term results and low morbidity. We recommend not using it in cases of traumatic etiology.

[Our experience with simplified vasovasostomy. Review of our results during the last 5 years]. / Nuestra experiencia en vasovasostomia simplificada. Revisión de los resultados obtenidos en los ultimos 5 años.

OBJECTIVES: We currently see an increase of demand of vasectomy reversion, mainly due to the wish of recovering fertility. METHODS: We review 21 cases of vasovasostomy performed at our department over the last 5 years with the single layer technique under optical magnification, comparing our results with those from bibliography for both vasovasostomy and in vitro fecundation techniques used in patients with obstructive azoospermia, specifically intracytoplasmic spermatozoids injection (ICSI). RESULTS: Success rates obtained for permeability, pregnancy, and births were 80%, 33%, and 26.66% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results in terms of pregnancies are equivalent to those obtained by ICSI. These data, together with the disadvantage of greater rates of multiple pregnancies associated with in vitro fecundation techniques, moved us to choose vasovasostomy as the initial option for treatment of male infertility secondary to vasectomy.

Nuestra experiencia en vasovasostomia simplificada. Revisión de los resultados obtenidos en los ultimos 5 años / Our experience with simplified vasovasostomy. Review of our results during the last 5 years

OBJETIVOS: En la actualidad asistimos a un aumento de la demanda de reversión de la vasectomía fundamentalmente por deseo de recuperación de la fertilidad. MÉTODOS: Hemos revisado 21 casos de vasovasostomía realizadas en nuestro servicio con técnica monocapa y con magnificación óptica en los últimos 5 años comparando nuestros resultados con los de la literatura tanto para la vasovasostomía como para las técnicas de fecundación in vitro usadas en pacientes con azoospermia obstructiva, concretamente la inyección intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides (ICSI). RESULTADOS: Hemos obtenido unas tasas de éxito en permeabilidad, gestaciones y nacimientos del 80 por ciento, 33 por ciento y 26,66 por ciento respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: Nuestros resultados en cuanto a gestaciones son equiparables a los obtenidos mediante ICSI. Estos datos, junto al inconveniente que suponen las mayores tasas de gestaciones múltiples que implican las técnicas de fecundación in vitro, nos inclinan a elegir la vasovasostomía como opción inicial de tratamiento de la infertilidad masculina secundaria a vasectomía (AU)

Tratamiento de la estenosis de uretra mediante prótesis endouretral autoexpansible. Resultados a largo plazo / Treatment of urethral stenosis by self expandable endourtthral prosthesis. Long-term results

OBJETIVOS: La estenosis uretral es una patología frecuente en el varón. Los dispares resultados de su tratamiento ha motivado la búsqueda de alternativas terapéuticas. Proponemos el tratamiento de la misma mediante prótesis endouretral autoexpansible. MÉTODO: Desde febrero de 1993 hasta marzo de 2000 han sido tratados 48 pacientes que presentaban estenosis de uretra tratados previamente con uretrotomía endoscópica interna. RESULTADOS: Todos los pacientes completaron un seguimiento mínimo de 3 años, pues los pacientes que se perdieron por diferentes causas no han sido incluidos en la descripción final del estudio. Todos los pacientes orinaron satisfactoriamente en el momento del alta. A los 3 años mediante flujometría obtenemos un flujo medio (Qmedio) mayor a 14 ml/s en el 87.5 por ciento que corresponde a 42 de los 48 pacientes que son evaluados. CONCLUSIONES: El empleo de prótesis endouretral auto expansible es una alternativa válida en el tratamiento de la sestenosis de uretra recidivada por sus buenos resultados a largo plazo y su baja morbilidad. Recomendamos no emplearlo en los casos de etiología traumática (AU)

[Alfredo Tramoyeres Cases (1910-2002): first chairman of the Department of Urology at the Ciudad Sanitaria La Fe. Documentary-historical analysis of his works]. / Alfredo Tramoyeres Cases (1910-2002): primer jefe de Servicio de Urología de la Ciudad Sanitaria "La Fe". Análisis documental histórico de su obra.

OBJECTIVES: Urology, having been part of general surgery for centuries, was completely consolidated as a medical speciality in the middle of the XX Century as the result of years of evolution and development, and all the studies and works of certain authors that represent today the mainstays of our speciality. Valencia in the middle of the 20th century saw the birth of new hospitals including the "Ciudad Sanitaria La Fe". Alfredo Tramoyeres Cases was the first chairman of the Department of Urology. This article reviews his long and fertile professional life. METHODS: We have reviewed all his scientific works. The articles have been obtained from Medicina Española, Revista Española de Cirugía Traumatológica y Ortopedia, and Archivos Españoles de Urología. His most important urological work is his doctoral thesis with the title "Sigmoid-procto-ureterostomy: personal modification" published in Valencia in 1976. For his biography we used the" Biographic and bibliographic history of the Spanish Urology over the XX century" and interviews with family members. RESULTS: We emphasize his thorough description of the various types of urinary diversion. He covers the topics of bladder diverticula and bladder neck disorders, in which he supports surgical treatment. Finally, he sets out the rupture of the posterior urethra and various treatments for prostate cancer at that time. CONCLUSIONS: Alfredo Tramoyeres Cases contributed to the definitive consolidation of our speciality in the area of Valencia during the second half of the XX century, through his long professional life, with his interesting scientific contributions.