Multimodal analysis of methylomics and fragmentomics in plasma cell-free DNA for multi-cancer early detection and localization.

Despite their promise, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based assays for multi-cancer early detection face challenges in test performance, due mostly to the limited abundance of ctDNA and its inherent variability. To address these challenges, published assays to date demanded a very high-depth sequencing, resulting in an elevated price of test. Herein, we developed a multimodal assay called SPOT-MAS (screening for the presence of tumor by methylation and size) to simultaneously profile methylomics, fragmentomics, copy number, and end motifs in a single workflow using targeted and shallow genome-wide sequencing (~0.55×) of cell-free DNA. We applied SPOT-MAS to 738 non-metastatic patients with breast, colorectal, gastric, lung, and liver cancer, and 1550 healthy controls. We then employed machine learning to extract multiple cancer and tissue-specific signatures for detecting and locating cancer. SPOT-MAS successfully detected the five cancer types with a sensitivity of 72.4% at 97.0% specificity. The sensitivities for detecting early-stage cancers were 73.9% and 62.3% for stages I and II, respectively, increasing to 88.3% for non-metastatic stage IIIA. For tumor-of-origin, our assay achieved an accuracy of 0.7. Our study demonstrates comparable performance to other ctDNA-based assays while requiring significantly lower sequencing depth, making it economically feasible for population-wide screening.

Clinical validation of a ctDNA-Based Assay for Multi-Cancer Detection: An Interim Report from a Vietnamese Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study of 2795 Participants.

The SPOT-MAS assay "Screening for the Presence Of Tumor by Methylation And Size" detects the five most common cancers in Vietnam by evaluating circulating tumor DNA in the blood. Here, we validated its performance in a prospective multi-center clinical trial, K-DETEK. Our analysis of 2795 participants from 14 sites across Vietnam demonstrates its ability to detect cancers in asymptomatic individuals with a positive predictive value of 60%, with 83.3% accuracy in detecting tumor location. We present a case report to support further using SPOT-MAS as a complementary method to achieve early cancer detection and provide the opportunity for early treatment.

Lignin for white natural sunscreens.

Long-time exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation is harmful and causes various skin problems. Natural sun blockers have been drawing considerable attention recently. Even though lignin, an abundant aromatic polymer from plants, is a natural UV screening agent, its unfavorable dark color hinders its high value-added applications in sunscreens and cosmetics. In this study, we separate lignin under mild conditions (at room temperature with neutral solvents) in order to prevent darkening occurring during delignification and apply the resultant lignin as a natural sunscreen ingredient for the first time. Lignins isolated from Miscanthus sacchariflorus (MWL-M) and from Pinus densiflora (MWL-P) are compared with organosolv lignin (OL), which showed the best sunscreen performance, in color and UV protection. MWLs separated under mild conditions were light in color unlike conventional lignins extracted under harsh conditions. UV absorption of light-colored MWL-M was revealed to be as high as dark-colored OL. MWLs also showed synergistic effects with a commercial sunscreen; exposure of the MWL-added sunscreen to UVA radiation greatly enhanced the sun protection factor (SPF) value of the sunscreen.

Study on some factors influencing on the stability of tobramycin 0.3% eye drops

Study on some influencing factors such as buffer, antioxidant substances to build primary formulation of tobramycin eye drops with stability over 12 months. Result: temperature and light have much influence to the stability of tobramycin and pH contents of eye drops solution. High temperature impacts clearly to the decrease of tobramycin pH and contents. The solution was stable with borate buffer more than phosphate and citrate buffer. Product samples without antioxidant substances have low remained tobramycin contents, about 70% after three months ageing. Dinatri EDTA, natri bisulfit and dinatri EDTA-natri bisulfit combination have significant effect to the stable of tobramycin content. However, dinatri EDTA choice compared with dinatri EDTA-natri bisulfit combination is the same because of dinatri EDTA effect. Dinatri EDTA has better effect to the stable of pH and increase anti-bacteria effect of benzalkonium chloride