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1.
J Affect Disord ; 156: 104-10, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24388684

RESUMO

AIM: To determine the point prevalence of depression in the general Latvian population and to explore the associated sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: The study was part of the cross-sectional survey on the general population on substance use in Latvia in 2011. It consisted of face-to-face interviews of a randomised stratified multi-stage probability sample. In total, 4493 persons were included, aged between 15 and 64. To assess depression, the participants were interviewed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9; a score of ≥10 was defined as indicating the presence of a depressive episode. Socio-demographic, subjective health status and alcohol use were assessed using the structured interviews. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze data. RESULTS: The point prevalence of depression was 6.7%. The odds of having depression were higher in females, in urban dwellers (though not in the capital city, Riga), in persons with non-Latvian ethnicity, with alcohol dependence, with poor subjective health status and having a dissatisfaction with life. Limitations. Cross-sectional nature of the sampling and the symptom scale used for the assessment of depression. CONCLUSIONS: The point prevalence of depression in Latvia is within the European average. Certain socio-demographic and health related factors are associated with higher risk of morbidity with depression.


Assuntos
Depressão/epidemiologia , Transtorno Depressivo/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Letônia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Adulto Jovem
2.
Alcohol Alcohol ; 49(1): 118-22, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24226811

RESUMO

In response to our suggestion to define substance use disorders via 'heavy use over time', theoretical and conceptual issues, measurement problems and implications for stigma and clinical practice were raised. With respect to theoretical and conceptual issues, no other criterion has been shown, which would improve the definition. Moreover, heavy use over time is shown to be highly correlated with number of criteria in current DSM-5. Measurement of heavy use over time is simple and while there will be some underestimation or misrepresentation of actual levels in clinical practice, this is not different from the status quo and measurement of current criteria. As regards to stigma, research has shown that a truly dimensional concept can help reduce stigma. In conclusion, 'heavy use over time' as a tangible common denominator should be seriously considered as definition for substance use disorder.


Assuntos
Estigma Social , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/diagnóstico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Humanos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia , Fatores de Tempo
3.
Alcohol Alcohol ; 48(6): 633-40, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23926213

RESUMO

AIMS: The aim of the study was to explore whether the concept of heavy substance use over time can be used as definition of substance use disorder. METHODS: Narrative review. RESULTS: Heavy use over time clearly underlies the neurobiological changes associated with current thinking of substance use disorders. In addition, there is evidence that heavy use over time can explain the majority of social problems and of burden of disease (morbidity and mortality). A definition of substance use disorders via heavy use over time would avoid some of the problems of current conceptualizations, for instance the cultural specificity of concepts such as loss of control. Finally, stressing the continuum of use may avoid the high level of stigmatization currently associated with substance use disorders. CONCLUSION: 'Heavy substance use over time' seems to be a definition of substance use disorders in line with results of basic research and epidemiology. Additionally, it reduces stigmatization. This approach should thus be further explored.


Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Humanos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/diagnóstico , Terminologia como Assunto
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