Accuracy of the third molar maturity index (I3M) for diagnosing the legal majority of young southern Brazilians.

Background: The numerous techniques for identifying adulthood require research testing the accuracy of each method in different populations. This study verified the accuracy of the third molar maturity index (I3M) proposed by Cameriere et al. (2008) for diagnosing the age of majority in a southern Brazilian population sample. Material and Methods: Panoramic radiographs of patients with dental element 38 treated at the School of Dentistry of the University of Passo Fundo (UPF), RS, Brazil, were analyzed. The patients were separated into age groups between 15.00 and 22.99 years. The Cameriere (2008) method was applied to each radiograph. The study sample comprised 671 individuals, with 385 women (mean age 19.67 ± 2.05) and 286 men (mean age 19.5 ± 2.11). Results: The original cut-off value of I3M≤0.08 classified individuals younger and older than 18 years. ROC curve plotting resulted in an overall accuracy of 0.69 and 0.84 for women and men, respectively. The most favorable cut-off value for southern Brazilian men was 0.06, and women showed better results with an I3M adjusted to 0.13. The new cut-off values produced an accuracy of 0.78 for women and 0.84 for men. The original cut-off point to the I3M (0.08) was not the most appropriate for the studied sample. Conclusions: Thus, index adjustments to 0.13 for women and 0.06 for men may improve method performance among southern Brazilian individuals. Key words:Molar, third, radiography, panoramic, forensic dentistry, age groups, imputability.

Prevalence of oral injuries and salivary changes in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis: systematic review and meta-analysis

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether individuals with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing hemodialysis treatment have more salivary and oral mucosa alterations when compared to healthy individuals, through a systematic review followed by meta-analysis. A systematic literature review was performed, evaluating randomized clinical trials found in the Proquest, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Lilacs and Pubmed databases, using MeSH terms and other keywords. Initially, 40 articles were included in the study and, after reading the complete articles, only 15 clinical trials that analyzed oral lesions and salivary changes in patients with CRF undergoing hemodialysis treatment were eligible. Most of the clinical studies included were cross-sectional and composed of a study group and a control group. The mean age of participants in the study group was 50.19 years and in the control group, 48.95 years. The most common oral alterations found in the CRF group in relation to the control group were xerostomia, uremic breath, dysgeusia, coated tongue, gingival bleeding and pale mucosa. The salivary flow of patients with CRF was 46.6% lower than the control group. The salivary pH in the study group was also more alkaline when compared to the control group. Greater amounts of urea, phosphate, C-reactive protein and total proteins were found in the saliva of individuals with CRF. Individuals with CRF undergoing hemodialysis are more prone to changes in both the quantity and quality of saliva, as well as having a greater amount of oral changes.

Uncommon case of histoplasmosis with oral manifestation: A case report of diagnosis in a South American patient.

INTRODUCTION: Histoplasmosis is a systemic fungal disease caused by the H. capsulatum fungus, which is mainly present in feces and guano of birds and bats. This condition manifests in several ways and it is more severe in its disseminated form and in immunosuppressed patients, putting the patient at risk of death if not diagnosed in time. CASE PRESENTATION: This report presents the case of a 39-year-old white female patient, a seller of agricultural machinery, with a history of lupus erythematosus, who attended a private dental office complaining of a tongue lesion. The patient reported having been subjected to an incisional biopsy of this lesion and the histopathological examination identified an inflammatory process. Considering the inefficient management of the lesion with intralesional application of corticosteroids, squamous cell carcinoma or granulomatous fungal infection was suspected, and a new biopsy was performed allowing the diagnosis of histoplasmosis already spread to the liver, intestines, and bone marrow. The diagnosed disease led the patient to undergo extensive antifungal treatment, including a period of hospitalization. DISCUSSION: The diagnosis of histoplasmosis can be delayed due to several factors, mainly due to its diverse clinical presentation between acute, chronic and disseminated forms. However, achieving an early diagnosis for histoplasmosis is very important to maintain the patient's quality of life. CONCLUSION: Greater education, information, and awareness about histoplasmosis among health professionals are required for managing these cases, especially in endemic areas to H. capsulatum.

Evaluation of the Genotoxicity of Tobacco and Alcohol in Oral Mucosa Cells: A Pilot Study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To define the genotoxic potential of tobacco and alcohol in the oral mucosa through a micronuclei (MN) test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of exfoliative cells from oral mucosa were collected using superficial scraping of the right- and left-cheek mucosa of 83 patients divided into four groups, namely: (G1) 24 individuals abstaining from tobacco and alcoholic beverages; (G2) 23 individuals who smoke and abstain from alcoholic beverages; (G3) 24 smokers and alcoholics; and (G4) 12 individuals who consume alcohol and abstain from tobacco. The samples were stained with Giemsa-Wright, and the frequencies of MN, binucleated cells, and metanuclear changes were recorded in the samples of each group (1,000 cells per patient). RESULTS: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a difference between groups for changes concerning karyorrhexis (p = 0), pycnosis (p = 0.002), karyolysis (p = 0.003), and binucleated cells (p = 0.046). As for the total number of changes, G3, G2, and G4, respectively, were significantly higher than G1. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the influence of smoking and drinking on exfoliating cells of oral mucosa may cause metanuclear changes due to genetic changes that these products cause, and the MN test is effective in detecting and monitoring such changes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: MN test may work for constantly monitoring the oral mucosa of smokers and/or alcoholic patients, so that early cell changes may be diagnosed, preventing the genesis of oral cancer.

Evaluation of a Series of Overdentures Made in a Higher Education Dental Institution in Southern Brazil.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological profile, oral health self-perception index, and level of satisfaction of users of complete implant-supported overdentures that had been used for at least 1 year and were made at the School of Dentistry of the University of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (FO/UPF), between 2014 and 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 30 patients with overdentures, who were selected from the dental records filed at the institution. Data on general health and the dental implants involved (brand, type of prosthetic connection, number of implants, and additional overdenture retention system) were collected from the medical records. The 30 patients were invited to answer the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaires, and due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, it was possible to contact 15 patients. RESULTS: Most of the prostheses studied were mandibular overdentures, and 66.66% of the cases were retained by the O-ring system. As for the oral health self-perception of the individuals, it was concluded that male patients had a lower mean overall score (p = 0.047) and functional domain (p = 0.042) in the OHIP-14. The number of implants and the installation arch interfered with functional domain and psychological capacity (p <0.05). The VAS showed that women have greater esthetic satisfaction with prostheses (p = 0.048) and that the bar-clip retention system is more satisfactory than the O-ring (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Despite the limitations of overdentures, it was noted that, when properly indicated, they are a viable option for oral rehabilitation on implants. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Oral rehabilitation well-indicated with overdentures, especially those retained by the bar-clip system, results in an improvement in the patients' quality of life.

Prevalence of red and orange microbial complexes in endodontic-periodontal lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review assesses the prevalence of microbial complexes in endodontic-periodontal lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine databases were searched through August 2020. Experts were consulted to indicate additional studies. Studies were blindly selected by two reviewers based on pre-defined eligibility criteria. Studies that evaluated the prevalence of microbial orange and red complexes among patients with endodontic-periodontal lesion were considered eligible. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. RESULTS: From 572 articles found on all databases, 11 clinical studies were finally included. The following microorganisms were investigated: P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, F. nucleatum, F. periodonticum, P. micra, P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, S. constellatus, C. gracilis, C. rectus, C. showae and E. nodatum. Considering the orange complex, P. micra, E. nodatum and S. constellatus were prevalent in both root canal and periodontal pockets. P. gingivalis and T. forsythia belonging to the red complex were prevalent only in periodontal pockets. The red complex microorganisms were not found very frequently in root canal. CONCLUSIONS: There is a similarity between the microbiome of root canal and periodontal pockets, with prevalence of the three microorganisms of the orange complex. Two microorganisms from the red complex were prevalent only in periodontal pockets. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The prevalence of specific microorganisms in endodontic-periodontal lesion is important to understand the microbiological profile of the patients involved and to correlate it with possible clinical and repair conditions of this pathology.

Orthognathic surgery and orthodontics associated with orofacial harmonization: Case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Orthognathic surgery aims to restore the functional and esthetic standards of the face and non-surgical or minimally invasive procedures have been optimizing the results of facial orthosurgical treatments. This case report aimed to show the use of minimally invasive techniques that, associated with orthognathic surgery, represent a trend in current oral and maxillofacial rehabilitation. CASE PRESENTATION: A female patient, 28 years old, white, sought care from the Dentistry team of the São Vicente de Paulo Hospital, in Passo Fundo, Brazil, complaining of mandibular prognathism, anteroposterior maxillary deficiency, dental crowding, malocclusion, functional and esthetic changes that negatively affected her psychosocial interactions and stomatognathic function. The treatment involved orthodontics, orthognathic surgery, and orofacial harmonization with dermal fillers. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: The multidisciplinarity among the specialties of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology, Orthodontics, and Orofacial Harmonization add and contribute to the process of planning and implementing the treatment proposed, as well as the prognosis toward patient satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The surgical procedure associated with minimally invasive facial harmonization not only corrected the functional complaint of the patient but also played an important role in improving facial harmony, contributing significantly to self-esteem.

Building oral health assignments for community health workers through the Delphi technique. / Construção de atribuições em saúde bucal para agentes comunitários de saúde através da técnica Delphi.

The literature does not clearly define the assignments of Community Health Workers (CHW) in the field of oral health. This study aimed to redefine the main assignments of CHW regarding their work processes in oral health in basic health care. A theoretical-logical model based on an official publication from the Brazilian Ministry of Health, with six dimensions of work, was used. The model was built based on the assignments of CHW in Dentistry and sent to 30 experts chosen intentionally for the consensual study, using the Delphi technique. The matrix presented the following dimensions: registration of families, mapping the coverage area, home visits, work with community health education, participation in the community, and intersectoral work. These dimensions were detailed with sub-dimensions and measurable criteria. After the study participants analyzed the dimensions, two criteria were excluded. Fourteen experts concluded the study. The final matrix showed the need for CHW to be trained in several oral health topics. This study provides an objective framework of the work process of CHW in oral health and shows their ability to perform oral health promotion, surveillance, prevention, and education actions.

As atribuições dos Agentes Comunitários em Saúde (ACS) na área da saúde bucal não estão claramente especificadas na literatura. Este estudo objetivou redefinir as principais atribuições dos ACS em relação aos processos de trabalho em saúde bucal na atenção básica à saúde. Utilizou-se um modelo teórico lógico baseado em publicação oficial do Ministério da Saúde, com seis dimensões de trabalho. O modelo construído sobre as atribuições dos ACS na Odontologia foi enviado a trinta "experts" escolhidos de forma intencional para o estudo consensual através da técnica Delphi. A matriz apresentou como dimensões: cadastramento das famílias, mapeamento da área de atuação, visita domiciliar, trabalhando educação em saúde na comunidade, participação na comunidade e atuação intersetorial. O detalhamento dessas dimensões foi realizado com subdimensões e critérios mensuráveis. Depois de analisadas as dimensões pelos participantes do estudo, dois critérios foram excluídos. Quatorze experts realizaram o estudo por completo. A matriz final demonstrou a necessidade do ACS estar capacitado em diversos tópicos de saúde bucal. Este estudo fornece uma imagem-objetivo do processo de trabalho do ACS em saúde bucal e demonstra a capacidade do mesmo de realizar atividades de promoção, vigilância, prevenção e educação em saúde bucal.

Construção de atribuições em saúde bucal para agentes comunitários de saúde através da técnica Delphi / Building oral health assignments for community health workers through the Delphi technique

Resumo As atribuições dos Agentes Comunitários em Saúde (ACS) na área da saúde bucal não estão claramente especificadas na literatura. Este estudo objetivou redefinir as principais atribuições dos ACS em relação aos processos de trabalho em saúde bucal na atenção básica à saúde. Utilizou-se um modelo teórico lógico baseado em publicação oficial do Ministério da Saúde, com seis dimensões de trabalho. O modelo construído sobre as atribuições dos ACS na Odontologia foi enviado a trinta "experts" escolhidos de forma intencional para o estudo consensual através da técnica Delphi. A matriz apresentou como dimensões: cadastramento das famílias, mapeamento da área de atuação, visita domiciliar, trabalhando educação em saúde na comunidade, participação na comunidade e atuação intersetorial. O detalhamento dessas dimensões foi realizado com subdimensões e critérios mensuráveis. Depois de analisadas as dimensões pelos participantes do estudo, dois critérios foram excluídos. Quatorze experts realizaram o estudo por completo. A matriz final demonstrou a necessidade do ACS estar capacitado em diversos tópicos de saúde bucal. Este estudo fornece uma imagem-objetivo do processo de trabalho do ACS em saúde bucal e demonstra a capacidade do mesmo de realizar atividades de promoção, vigilância, prevenção e educação em saúde bucal.

Abstract The literature does not clearly define the assignments of Community Health Workers (CHW) in the field of oral health. This study aimed to redefine the main assignments of CHW regarding their work processes in oral health in basic health care. A theoretical-logical model based on an official publication from the Brazilian Ministry of Health, with six dimensions of work, was used. The model was built based on the assignments of CHW in Dentistry and sent to 30 experts chosen intentionally for the consensual study, using the Delphi technique. The matrix presented the following dimensions: registration of families, mapping the coverage area, home visits, work with community health education, participation in the community, and intersectoral work. These dimensions were detailed with sub-dimensions and measurable criteria. After the study participants analyzed the dimensions, two criteria were excluded. Fourteen experts concluded the study. The final matrix showed the need for CHW to be trained in several oral health topics. This study provides an objective framework of the work process of CHW in oral health and shows their ability to perform oral health promotion, surveillance, prevention, and education actions.

Clinical and satisfaction outcomes of using one or two dental implants for mandibular overdentures: preliminary short-term follow-up of a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the marginal bone loss and peri-implant aspects in patients with mandibular overdentures retained by one or two implants and assess patient satisfaction, prosthesis-related clinical outcomes, and masticatory efficiency. METHODS: Patients from the School of Dentistry of the University of Passo Fundo (UPF) with lower conventional complete dentures dissatisfied with prosthetic retention were selected. Eighteen patients were analyzed and divided into randomized treatment groups: GA, installation of one implant in the midline of the mandibular symphysis (8 patients), and GB, installation of two implants in the lower canine region (10 patients). Implant survival and prosthetic maintenance were assessed by clinical and radiographic examinations performed 6 months after implant placement and 3 months after loading. Finally, the masticatory efficiency of the prostheses was evaluated with the QoLIP-10 (Quality of Life with Implant-Prostheses) questionnaire, and the degree of patient satisfaction used the visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: Regarding the esthetic satisfaction of the patients, there was no statistical difference between the two groups studied (p = 0.680). Patients who received two implants presented easier chewing (p = 0.049) and a lower average number of prosthesis maintenance. There was no difference between the groups regarding peri-implant bone resorption 3 months after the use of prostheses. CONCLUSIONS: The use of two dental implants showed higher masticatory ability and lower need for maintenance appointments when compared with one implant in mandibular overdentures but did not affect peri-implant aspects and patient satisfaction. The treatment using one implant was effective for the aspects evaluated, but further clinical studies are required on the subject.

Testing international techniques for the radiographic assessment of third molar maturation.

BACKGROUND: To assess the radiographic third molar maturation with internationally developed techniques for age estimation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study analyzed 1,062 panoramic radiographs of patients treated at the School of Dentistry of the University of Passo Fundo/RS/Brazil, between 2009 and 2020. The patients were separated into ages between 15.00 and 23.99 years and, for each radiograph, the third molars were classified into stages from 1 to 10, with the subsequent application of one of the formulae proposed by Gunst et al. A dichotomous variable indicating whether each individual was younger or older than 18 was calculated from the chronological age of the individuals. A logistic regression model was adjusted to assess whether the third molar stages are correlated with the age of individuals. RESULTS: The error indicators between estimated and chronological ages showed that mean errors closer to zero are seen in the 18-18.9 and 17-17.9 age groups, respectively. Male individuals were earlier in terms of dental mineralization but there were no significant differences between sexes regarding the applicability of the method. The ROC curve shows that the analysis of a single third molar for age estimation gives a maximum of 70.4% reliability. CONCLUSIONS: The moderate performance of the technique tested in the present study justify future country-specific corrections to improve age estimation from the radiographic assessment of third molar maturity. Key words:Dental age estimation, forensic dentistry, radiology, third molar.

Oral leukoplakia-epidemiological survey and histochemical analysis of 107 cases in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To perform an epidemiological survey comparing the cell proliferative activity of 107 cases of oral leukoplakia with their clinical and histopathological characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational, and histological-histochemical study. The cases came from the Histopathological Diagnostic Service of UPF/RS and the School of Dentistry of Araçatuba FOA/UNESP/SP (1986-2016). The histopathological sections were stained using the silver staining (AgNOR) technique and the nuclei of 100 epithelial cells selected randomly were recorded to count the number of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). The mean NORs per lesion were correlated to clinical and histological characteristics using ANOVA, at 5% significance. RESULTS: Most of the cases included men (62.62%), white (64.49%), and with an average age of 53.94 years. The most probable etiological factors were smoking (44.7%) and alcohol consumption (9.85%). The evolution time of most lesions was fast (33.65%), manifesting mainly in the form of plaques (70.37%) and without symptoms (58.88%). They were located mainly in the cheek mucosa (26.62%) and presented white color (66.35%), well-defined edges (59.81%), firm consistency (47.5%), and keratinized surface (49.53%). Etiological factor (p = 0.003), evolution time (p = 0.006), symptoms (p = 0.029), location (p = 0.020), consistency (p = 0.047), histopathological characteristics (p = 0.004), and superficial keratinization (p = 0.001) were statistically significant regarding the mean NORs of the leukoplakias studied. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Oral leukoplakias caused by alcohol consumption and/or tobacco use, considering an evolution time of fewer than 12 months, asymptomatic, located in the lower lip or tongue, and with a firm consistency and increased superficial keratinization should be treated more aggressively by the clinician to avoid cancerization.

Diferenciação oxidativa em dispositivos temporários de ancoragem de Ti6Al4V e aço 316L ­ estudo piloto / Oxidative differentiation in temporary anchoring devices made by Ti6Al4V and 316L steel ­ a pilot study

Resumo Este estudo piloto testou a hipótese de que os dispositivos temporários de ancoragem (DATs) fabricados de Aço 316L são mais resistentes à corrosão, mesmo em meio com flúor, do que os DATs fabricados a partir de ligas de titânio, para tanto foram realizadas medições eletroquímicas em Potenciostato. Materiais e Métodos: Quatro amostras de cada material foram testadas em cada conjunto de teste, a formulação artificial de saliva de Fusayama foi usada como eletrólito solução neste estudo de corrosão in vitro, sem flúor em sua composição e, em um segundo momento, com a concentração de 1500ppM de flúor em sua composição. No teste, uma polarização catódica foi então realizada aumentando essa voltagem por 5 minutos ou até que se obtivessem os pitins de corrosão. Em saliva artificial contendo até 1500ppmF- foi repetido esse teste com novas amostras de cada material em solução de saliva artificial sem a presença de flúor. Resultados: Os resultados de escala de corrente de indução foram inseridos no software OriginPro8 para confecção dos gráficos de valores. Tratando-se de um número reduzido de amostras, para não violar a confiabilidade do estudo, não se realizou teste estatístico. Dentre todas as ligas metálicas utilizadas atualmente, a liga de Ti6Al4V apresentou uma boa resistência à corrosão em saliva artificial. Entretanto a corrosão dessas ligas ocorre em contato com altas concentrações de flúor, diferentemente da liga de Aço 316L, que além da corrosão faz a passivação da superfície. (AU)

Abstract The aim of this pilot study was to test the hypothesis that temporary anchoring devices (TADs) made of 316L steel are more resistant to corrosion even in fluorine environment than DATs manufactured in addition to titanium alloys, for this Potentiostat electrochemical measurements were performed. Materials and Methods: Four pieces of each material were tested in each test set, an application of Fusayama artificial saliva was used as an electrolytic solution in this study of in vitro corrosion, without fluorine in its composition and in a second moment with 1500ppM of fluorine in its composition. In the test, a cathodic polarization was performed by increasing this voltage for 5 minutes or until the corrosion pins were obtained. In artificial saliva containing up to 1500ppmF- this test was repeated with new samples of each material in artificial saliva solution without fluorine. Results: The results of the induction current scale were inserted into OriginPro8 software for making value graphs. As there was a small number of samples, in order not to violate the study's reliability no statistical test was performed. Among all metal alloys currently used the Ti6Al4V alloy showed good resistance to corrosion in artificial saliva. However, the corrosion of these alloys occurs in contact with high fluorine concentration, unlike 316L steel alloy, which in addition to corrosion makes surface passivation. (AU)

Histopathological Classifications of Oral Leukoplakia and its Relation to Cell Proliferative Activity: A Case Series.

AIM: This study relates the average number of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) obtained in a series of cases of oral leukoplakia, with three methods of histopathological classification of such lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a histopathological-histochemical laboratory cross-sectional study. The 18 cases of leukoplakia analyzed were filed at Pathology Service of the Biological Sciences Institute of the University of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (SDH/ICB/UPF) (2017 and 2018), from which epidemiological data were extracted. New histological sections were performed for impregnation by the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) technique. The histopathological slides were analyzed by photon microscopy (1,000×), and the nuclei of 100 epithelial cells were photographed to count the number of NORs. Three methods were used for the lesions' histopathological classification [World Health Organization (WHO), Brothwell, and binary system]. The means of NORs were compared with the three histopathological classifications by means of the t or analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical tests, at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: According to the WHO classification method, most cases (11-61.1%) had a moderate classification. Evaluations by the Brothwell method showed moderate and mild classification in 50 and 38.9% of cases, respectively. According to the binary system, most cases (10-55.6%) had low risk. The average NORs found in 100 nuclei of each of the 18 lesions ranged from 2 to 4. When crossing the average NORs with the histopathological classification methods of the lesions by means of the t test or ANOVA, no significant relationship was noted. CONCLUSION: The average of NORs is not associated with the histological classifications of leukoplakias. Thus, the AgNOR method should be used with caution when differentiating different histological grades of leukoplakias. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The AgNOR method should be used with caution to determine the clinical treatment of oral leukoplakias, since no agreement was observed between this method and the histopathological classifications available for such lesion.

Treatment of facial myiasis in an elderly patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma: Case report.

Myiasis is caused by the infestation of fly larvae in human tissues and it presents immunodeficiency, poor hygiene, or malignant neoplasias as predisposing chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE: To describe a clinical case of myiasis associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in an elderly patient. CASE PRESENTATION: A 60-year-old male, black, smoker, and alcoholic patient with OSCC, who refused initial cancer treatment and sought hospital care with an extensive facial lesion and approximately 150 larvae in the extraoral region. The treatment was given through the administration of 6 mg of Ivermectin associated with the surgical removal of the larvae. Subsequently, palliative chemotherapy began. DISCUSSION: Myiasis can sometimes be associated with OSCC and it commonly occurs in individuals who live in unhealthy locations and present poor hygiene and low immunity. In addition to medication, the surgical removal of the larvae is important in the treatment of myiasis. CONCLUSION: Patient adherence to cancer treatment is essential to avoid the negative evolution of the tumor. The social component linked to the development of myiasis makes it an important public health topic, as it is related directly to the lack of primary care. Surgical and drug treatments are required to cure myiasis.

Etiologia das lesões endo-periodontais - uma visão para o diagnóstico clínico: uma revisão de literatura / Etiology of endo-periodontal lesions - a vision for clinical diagnosis: a literature review

O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar e discutir as principais etiologias das lesões endo-periodontais com intuito de auxiliar o Cirurgião-dentista na busca de um correto diagnóstico clínico e posterior tratamento. Foram coletados dados na literatura, pertinentes ao assunto, nas plataformas de busca de dados Crochane, Medline, PubMed e Scielo, contendo artigos científicos no período de 01/2002 até 06/2019, nos idiomas inglês e português. Com isso, os resultados dessa busca foram selecionados pelos seguintes critérios: estudos abrangendo a etiologia das lesões endo-periodontais, estudos com metodologias e resultados claros, objetivos e pesquisas in vivo ou in vitro devidamente estruturadas e com resultados relevantes para a comunidade científica. Os critérios de exclusão foram os artigos que não apresentassem nenhum dos objetivos a serem pesquisados. Assim, os resultados encontrados no estudo foram: 73 artigos, incluídos 23 artigos e 50 artigos excluídos. As etiologias das lesões endo-periodontais estão relacionadas a diferentes alterações patológicas nos tecidos pulpares e/ou periodonto, entre elas pode-se considerar a anatomia dental, doença periodontal, doença endodôntica, microbiota, cárie dentária, biofilme dental, trauma dental, reabsorções dentárias, tratamento endodôntico deficiente, fraturas, mal formações dentárias, iatrogênias, entre outros. Assim, o Cirurgião-Dentista deve estar atento às diversas etiologias para futuramente elaborar um diagnóstico e um plano de tratamento eficiente baseado na fonte de origem dessa lesão endo-periodontal (AU)

The objective of this study is to present and discuss the main etiologies of the endo-periodontal lesions in order to assist the dentist in the search for a correct clinical diagnosis and subsequent treatment. Data were collected from the Crochane, Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed and Scielo data search platforms, containing scientific articles from 01/2002 to 06/2019, in the English and Portuguese languages. The results of this search were selected according to the following criteria: studies covering the etiology of endo-periodontal lesions, studies with clear methodologies and results, objectives and in vivo or in vitro research, duly structured and with relevant results for the scientific community. Exclusion criteria were articles that did not present any of the objectives to be investigated. Thus, the results found in the study were: 73 articles, including 23 articles and 50 excluded articles. The etiologies of the endo-periodontal lesions are related to different pathological alterations in the pulp and / or periodontal tissues, among them the dental anatomy, periodontal disease, endodontic disease, microbiota, dental biofilm, dental trauma, dental resorption, poor endodontic treatment, fractures, dental malformations, iatrogenes, among others. Thus, the Dentist should be aware of the different etiologies in order to elaborate a diagnosis and an efficient treatment plan based on the source of the endo-periodontal lesion. (AU)

Alterações estomatológicas mais frequentes e seu processo diagnóstico ­ revisão de literatura / Most frequent stomatological changes and their diagnostic process ­ literature review

Introdução: os estudos epidemiológicos exercem um importante papel na Saúde Pública, indicando a prevalência e a incidência das lesões do complexo bucomaxilofacial, e revelando fatores associados, como perfil socioeconômico, fatores genéticos e ambientais, e permitindo o direcionamento de ações de promoção e de prevenção de saúde. Objetivo: o objetivo do presente trabalho é realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca dos aspectos mais importantes para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico das alterações estomatológicas. Revisão de literatura: um dos principais obstáculos dos profissionais da saúde diante de um caso de lesão bucal é o estabelecimento de um diagnóstico preciso, devido à grande quantidade de diagnósticos diferenciais que tais condições podem apresentar. É viável, através do auxílio dos estudos de prevalência, reduzir o número de diagnósticos diferenciais, identificando a frequência das lesões para cada região, ao considerar também variáveis, como faixa etária, etnia e gênero. Considerações finais: conhecer a prevalência das lesões e saber identificar as variáveis associadas a cada uma é de suma importância para o estudante de odontologia e mesmo para o profissional, uma vez que este conhecimento contribuirá para o melhor manuseio e proservação de seu paciente.

Introduction: epidemiological studies performs an important role in Public Health, indicating the prevalence and incidence of injuries of the bucomaxillofacial complex, and revealing associated factors such as socioeconomic profile, genetic and environmental factors, and allowing the promotion of prevention and Cheers. Objective: the aim of the present study is to carry out a literature review about the most important aspects for establishing the diagnosis of stomatologic alterations. Literature review: one of the main obstacles faced by health professionals in the case of oral lesions is the establishment of an accurate diagnosis, due to the large number of differential diagnoses that such conditions may be present. It is feasible, through the aid of prevalence studies, to reduce the number of differential diagnoses, identifying the frequency of lesions for each region, as well as variables such as age, ethnicity and gender. Final considerations: knowing the prevalence of lesions and knowing how to identify the variables associated with each one is of paramount importance for the student of dentistry and even for the professional, since this knowledge will contribute to the better handling and proservation of his patient.

Sobredentadura retida por sistema barra-clipe: revisão de literatura / Overdenture retained by bar-clip system: literature review

Introdução: as overdentures são próteses totais removíveis, mucoimplanto-suportadas, estabilizadas por elementos instalados sobre raízes residuais e/ou sobre implantes. Uma variedade de sistemas de encaixe tem sido utilizada para suportar as sobredentaduras, dentre os quais os sistemas barra-clipe, bolas, magnetos e coroas telescópicas. Objetivo: avaliar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, as sobredentaduras retidas por sistema barra-clipe, expondo um correto planejamento, bem como descrevendo protocolos de confecção de tais aparelhos. Métodos: foi realizada uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados do Centro Latino-americano e do Caribe de Informações em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medline, Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia (BBO), na biblioteca virtual (SCIELO), e no acervo de livros da Universidade de Passo Fundo/RS (UPF). Revisão de literatura: o sistema barra-clipe consiste de uma barra plástica para fundição (ou já em metal) e de um clipe de retenção. Em algumas situações, o sistema de encaixes por barra-clipe é mais indicado do que os demais sistemas, apresentando, todavia, limitações em determinados cenários clínicos. O sistema barra-clipe permite considerável retenção e estabilidade, resultando num restabelecimento da função mastigatória, maior segurança e grande satisfação do paciente. Considerações finais: a maior parte dos estudos mostrou uma melhora da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal dos pacientes após tratamento com overdenture em comparação com a prótese total removível convencional.

Introduction: overdentures are removable, muco-implantsupported, complete dentures, stabilized by elements installed on residual roots or implants. A variety of docking systems have been used to support overdentures, including bar-clip systems, balls, magnets and telescoping crowns. Objective: to evaluate, through a literature review, the overdentures retained by bar-clip system, exposing a correct planning, as well as describing protocols of making such devices. Methods: a literature review was carried out in the databases of the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (LILACS), Medline, Brazilian Dentistry Bibliography (BBO), the virtual library (SCIELO) and the collection of books from the University of Passo Fundo/RS (UPF). Literature Review: the bar-clip system consists of a plastic bar for casting or already metal and a retention clip. In some situations, the clip-on system is more suitable than other systems, although it has limitations in certain clinical scenarios. The bar-clip system allows considerable retention and stability, resulting in a restoration of the masticatory function, greater safety and great patient satisfaction. Final considerations: most of the studies showed an improvement in the quality of life related to the oral health of the patients after treatment with overdenture compared to the conventional total removable prosthesis.

Recobrimento radicular de recessões gengivais classe II de miller: dois relatos de casos clínicos / Root coverage of miller class II gingival recessions: two clinical case reports

O presente estudo objetivou descrever dois casos clínicos de recessão gengival em incisivos inferiores Classe II de Miller, tratados através da técnica de enxerto gengival livre. Ambos pacientes eram do gênero feminino, com condição sistêmica saudável e procuraram atendimento em consultório particular. O diagnóstico e plano de tratamento foi enxertia gengival para os dois casos e o prognóstico considerado favorável. A sequência da técnica cirúrgica foi descrita para cada situação clínica individual. Também foi relatado o pós-operatório e a preservação dos dois casos clínicos. Observou-se que o recobrimento radicular foi obtido para as duas situações clínicas, sendo que o caso 1 teve um maior percentual de recobrimento de 90% e apresentou um "crepping attachment", e o caso 2, em função da altura da recessão, teve um recobrimento de 57%, que são resultados considerados favoráveis para a técnica empregada. Pôde-se concluir que a técnica cirúrgica executada nesta descrição clínica foi resolutiva no aspecto de efetivo ganho de gengiva ceratinizada em parte da área desnuda, possibilitando melhorias na condição de saúde periodontal e nos métodos de higiene adotados pelo paciente. (AU)

The present study aimed at modifying the clinical cases of Miller's Class II in lower lateral incisor gingival recessions, followed by the free gingival graft technique. Both patients were of the female gender, had a healthy systemic condition and were attended in a private practice, the diagnosis and plan of treatment was gingival graft for both cases and the prognosis were considered favorable. The sequence of the surgical technique was reported for each individual clinical situation. The postoperative period and the proservation of the two clinical cases were also reported. It was observed that the root coverage was revised for both clinical situations, with case 1 having a higher percentage of root coverage of 90% and presenting a "creping attachment", and case 2, as a function of the height of recession has covering of 57%, which is results considered favorable for the technique used. It was concluded that the surgical technique used in the description of this case was decisive in the effective gain of keratinized gingiva in the recession area, allowing for improvements in periodontal health and the hygiene methods adopted by the patient (AU)

Oral Lesions found in a Dental School in Southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to perform an epidemiological survey of the cases of oral lesions diagnosed in a Brazilian dental school. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An epidemiological survey was carried out at the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Passo Fundo (FOUPF), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between March 2015 and June 2017, characterizing the patients in terms of gender, age, and ethnicity. A total of 3,200 records were evaluated, from which 716 presented information on oral lesions diagnosed and treated at the clinics of the FOUPF. The data were evaluated by descriptive statistics of frequency. RESULTS: The most frequent change was the coated tongue (13.83%). The majority of the patients were female (56%), white (31.57%), in the sixth decade of life (21.65%). Regarding the classification of lesions, the most frequent group was developmental changes (25%). CONCLUSION: It is considered that the sample studied presented a significant index of oral lesions and normality changes, considering that 716 (22.38%) patients studied showed some type of change in the oral cavity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The sample studied presents peculiar characteristics regarding the number of oral lesions/conditions diagnosed. It is also considered that Schools of Dentistry are valuable environments for carrying out epidemiological surveys in stomatology, providing the diagnostic exercise, as long as the students are stimulated for this purpose.