Risk factors for severe morbidity and definitive stoma after elective surgery for sigmoid diverticulitis: a multicenter national cohort study.

BACKGROUND: In the decision to perform elective surgery, it is of great interest to have data about the outcomes of surgery to individualize patients who could safely undergo sigmoid resection. The aim of this study was to provide information on the outcomes of elective sigmoid resection for sigmoid diverticular disease (SDD) at a national level. METHODS: All consecutive patients who had elective surgery for SDD (2010-2021) were included in this retrospective, multicenter, cohort study. Patients were identified from institutional review board-approved databases in French member centers of the French Surgical Association. The endpoints of the study were the early and the long-term postoperative outcomes and an evaluation of the risk factors for 90-day severe postoperative morbidity and a definitive stoma after an elective sigmoidectomy for SDD. RESULTS: In total, 4617 patients were included. The median [IQR] age was 61 [18.0;100] years, the mean ± SD body mass index (BMI) was 26.8 ± 4 kg/m2, and 2310 (50%) were men. The indications for surgery were complicated diverticulitis in 50% and smoldering diverticulitis in 47.4%. The procedures were performed laparoscopically for 88% and with an anastomosis for 83.8%. The severe complication rate on postoperative day 90 was 11.7%, with a risk of anastomotic leakage of 4.7%. The independent risk factors in multivariate analysis were an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score ≥ 3, an open approach, and perioperative blood transfusion. Age, perioperative blood transfusion, and Hartmann's procedure were the three independent risk factors for a permanent stoma. CONCLUSIONS: This series provides a real-life picture of elective sigmoidectomy for SDD at a national level. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Comité National Information et Liberté (CNIL) (n°920361).

Microbiological epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility of infected meshes after prosthetic abdominal wall repair.

INTRODUCTION: Infectious complications of parietal mesh after prosthetic abdominal wall repair are rare. Their management is complex. Furthermore, the emergence of bacterial resistance, the presence of a foreign material, the need to continue an extended antibiotic therapy, and the choice of an appropriate treatment are crucial. The objective of this study is to access the microbiological epidemiology of infected parietal meshes in order to optimize the empirical antibiotic therapy. METHODS: Between January 2016 and December 2021, a monocentric and retrospective study was performed in patients hospitalized for infected parietal meshes at Avicenne hospital, in Paris area. Clinical and microbiological data such as antibiotic susceptibility were collected. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients with infected parietal meshes have been hospitalized during this period. Meshes were in preaponevrotic positions (n=10; 38%), retromuscular (n=6; 23%) and intraperitoneal (n=10; 38%). Among the 22 (84.6%) documented cases of infections, 17 (77.3%) were polymicrobial. A total of 54 bacteria were isolated, 48 of which had an antibiogram available. The most frequently isolated bacteria were: Enterobacterales (n=19), Enterococcus spp. (n=11) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=6), whereas anaerobes were poorly isolated (n=3). Concerning these isolated bacteria, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, metronidazole-associated cefotaxime, piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem were susceptible in 45.5%, 68.2%, 63.6%, 77.2%, of cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: This work highlights that infections of abdominal parietal meshes may be polymicrobial and the association amoxicillin-clavulanic acid cannot be used as a probabilist antibiotic therapy because of the high resistance rate in isolated bacteria. The association piperacillin-tazobactam appears to be a more adapted empirical treatment to preserve carbapenems, a broad-spectrum antibiotic class.

Intra-abdominal abscesses: Microbiological epidemiology and empirical antibiotherapy.

PURPOSE: Data on the microbiological epidemiology of Intra-Abdominal Abscesses (IAAs) are very scarce. We aimed to study the microbiological epidemiology of these infections in order to optimize empirical antibiotic therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2015 and December 2020, we retrospectively analyzed all IAAs files in our hospital. Clinical and microbiological data such as antibiotic susceptibilities were collected. RESULTS: We studied 243 IAA cases. All in all, 139 (57.2%) IAAs were healthcare-associated and 201 (82.7%) were drained. The highest risk situations for IAAs were appendicitis (n = 69) and diverticulitis (n = 37). Out of the 163 microbiologically documented infections, 136 (81.9%) were polymicrobial. Enterobacterales (n = 192, 36.1%), Enterococcus sp. (n = 84, 17.6%) and anaerobes (n = 66, 16.1%) were the most frequently identified bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to amoxicillin-acid clavulanic, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefotaxime, meropenem in 55.2%, 84.9%, 77.6% and 99.5% of cases, respectively. Concerning Gram-positive bacteria, the susceptibility rate was 81.8% for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem, and decreased to 63.4% for cefotaxime. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the polymicrobial profile of IAAs and their low susceptibility to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. The piperacillin-tazobactam association remained the most appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy.

Management of gastro-intestinal emergencies in patients with ileal conduit ureteral diversion.

Radical cystectomy with urinary deviation is performed increasingly in France. Ileal conduit ureteral diversion (ICUD), described by Bricker and widely used after this type of radical resection, leads to substantial anatomic modifications that are potential danger zones during subsequent gastro-intestinal or urinary tract operations. Injury to the urinary diversion apparatus can lead to disastrous complications in these patients who are often elderly and frail. General surgeons are most often called upon to re-operate these patients, either for an ICUD-related gastro-intestinal complication, or for an unrelated abdominal emergency that arises later (bowel obstruction, infection, cancer). During such operations, certain anatomic structures are particularly exposed to injury that may be irreversible, particularly, the mesentery of the ileal conduit and the left ureter. Approaching the right lower quadrant, the dissection of the ileo-ileal anastomosis or of the left mesocolon are the procedures or maneuvers that pose the most risk. A number of simple but effective preventive measures are available and must be known, such as to operate the patient with an urologist or to insert ureteral stents before surgery. Preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography with late phase urinary imaging is essential to assess the anatomic modifications and anticipate the operative procedural steps. Finally, one should not hesitate to disinsert the stoma and proceed with retrograde dissection, thus facilitating the identification of the ileal conduit, the mesentery and the ureters.

History of transplantation: Nothing is ever written. Part I.

The history of the first transplants is an ideal model for analyzing the different stages of disruptive innovation in surgery. Pioneers have often taken paths that were strewn with pitfalls, mistakes or failures. Sometimes victory, brilliant or more modest, lies at the end of this path. We propose to re-explore the extraordinary pathways that led to the first transplantations of the kidney, liver, lung and heart. That these first transplants should one day become possible required the concurrence of several factors: basic research, laboratory work to perfect the surgical techniques, a favorable legislative and societal context, and, above all, pioneering surgeons who would dare to apply their expertise to human subjects. Initial failures were not technical but immunological. Not everything would be perfect, especially ethical questions in some cases. Furthermore, initial results often humbled the greatest surgeons. Even though the historical and legislative contexts have evolved considerably as have science, society and the organization of the health system, this analysis of the past is rich in lessons for the modern surgeon who wishes to embark today along innovative pathways in the face of a still unresolved problem. Because nothing is ever carved in stone.

History of first transplantations: Nothing is ever written. Part II.

The history of the first transplants is an ideal model for analyzing the different stages of disruptive innovation in surgery. Pioneers have often taken paths that were strewn with pitfalls, mistakes or failures. Sometimes victory, brilliant or more modest, lies at the end of this path. We propose to re-explore the extraordinary pathways that led to the first transplantations of the kidney, liver, lung and heart. That these first transplants should one day become possible required the concurrence of several factors: basic research, laboratory work to perfect the surgical techniques, a favorable legislative and societal context, and, above all, pioneering surgeons who would dare to apply their expertise to human subjects. Initial failures were not technical but immunological. Not everything would be perfect, especially ethical questions in some cases. Furthermore, initial results often humbled the greatest surgeons. Even though the historical and legislative contexts have evolved considerably as have science, society and the organization of the health system, this analysis of the past is rich in lessons for the modern surgeon who wishes to embark today along innovative pathways in the face of a still unresolved problem. Because nothing is ever carved in stone.

Upper lateral lip flap for the coverage of large superficial labial defect.

BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of large superficial defects of the upper lip is challenging, as it requires the restoration of both function and morphology. To achieve optimal results, facial features and landmarks should be preserved and similar skin should be used. Moreover, in male patients, upper lip pilosity should be restored. Although myriad of local flaps have previously been described, few address these issues. Herein, we describe our results with an upper lateral lip rotation flap for large upper lip cutaneous defects coverage. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A retrospective study was performed including every patient who underwent an upper lateral lip flap between 2010 and 2017. Demographic data, defect dimensions, etiology, type of anesthesia, operative time, postoperative complications, functional and morphological outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 31 patients were included. All procedures were performed under local anesthesia as outpatient procedures. The length of the operative procedure was 48minutes in average. The mean size of the superficial defect was 19mm (ranging from 6 to 30mm). All patients were fully healed after 15 days, and no flap necrosis (partial or total) was reported. No nasal or lip distortion was observed and facial hair was successfully restored in all male patients. CONCLUSION: The upper lateral lip flap is a fast, safe, and reproducible procedure to cover defects of the lateral upper lip of up to 3cm. With scars hidden in natural folds and lip defects covered by lip tissues, this technique restores facial cosmetic features with very satisfying aesthetic outcome, especially in men as facial hair is restored.

Voice modulation, self-perception and motor branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.

OBJECTIVES: Vocal morbidity resulting from damage to the motor branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) after endocrine surgery is well known, but diagnosis is often delayed. The present study aimed to quantify these vocal changes acoustically (main objective), and correlate this with the vocal complaints of patients with suspected SLN motor impairment (secondary objective). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty females patients with suspected injury of the SLN cricothyroid branch (CT-) were compared to 30 patients without postoperative vocal impairment (CT+) and to 30 control subjects. Mean, minimal and maximal fundamental frequencies (F0mean, F0min and F0max) and vocal range were measured on /e/ at high frequency, sirens (glissandi), a reading text, and minimal intonation pairs. Subjective vocal impairment was evaluated on the Voice Handicap Index (VHI). RESULTS: A lowering of F0mean associated with vocal range reduction by one fifth (in the reading text) seemed to be specific to CT- patients. Production of questions was affected, with differences in melodic curve and attack. Thyroidectomy within 2 months in itself (without suspected SLN cricothyroid branch injury) also affected these parameters, but to a lesser degree. CT- patients reported greater voice impairment than CT+ patients or controls (P=0.0004). CONCLUSION: Alterations in speech intonation, quantified on minimal pair test, and self-assessed vocal handicap (VHI) are tools that can easily be used in daily practice to screen for SLN motor branch lesion.

Thyroid surgery in obese patients: A review of the literature.

The incidence of obesity in the general population has tripled in the past four decades. The number of bariatric surgeries performed annually has quadrupled in the past ten years due to this obesity epidemic. Concomitantly, the number of patients who are obese or who have undergone bariatric surgery and have become candidates for thyroid surgery has also increased considerably. Among patients undergoing thyroidectomy in the French population, the proportion of obese patients currently represents 10 to 20%. In addition, the frequency of benign and malignant thyroid pathologies seems to be increased by obesity, with a Hazard Ratio of around 1.8 for thyroid cancers in obese women. While obesity does not seem to influence the specific post-operative morbidity of thyroidectomy, a history of malabsorptive bariatric surgery should encourage the greatest caution in patients who need to undergo thyroid surgery since it is associated with a significant risk of severe hypocalcemia (>60% in some studies) requiring intravenous calcium supplementation in about 20% of cases. In the latter situation, peri-operative vitamin D-calcium supplementation is essential. In addition, the replacement dose of Levothyroxine (T4) intended for replacement must also be adapted in obese patients, calculated not from the actual weight but from the ideal weight. The objective of this review is to discuss the influence of obesity on the evolution of nodular and neoplastic thyroid pathologies, on the morbidity of thyroid surgery as well as on post-operative drug treatments. The impact of bariatric surgery on these different aspects is also discussed.

Is brachioplasty acceptable as an outpatient procedure? A prospective study comparing ambulatory and traditional hospitalization procedures.

BACKGROUND: Ambulatory or outpatient surgery is defined as surgery that does not require an overnight hospital stay. It offers patients both convenience and reduced costs. With the increased use of bariatric surgery, Extended L-shaped Lipo-brachioplasty is now frequently requested as a follow-up procedure. Although numerous studies have focused on its technique and outcomes, none have evaluated its acceptability as an outpatient procedure. This was the aim of this prospective study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was performed between January 2016 and September 2019. All patients undergoing extended L-shaped Lipo-brachioplasty during that period were included and divided into two groups, according to the type of hospitalization. For both groups, we recorded the demographics, medical and surgical data, as well as any postoperative complications. In the outpatient group, we also recorded discharge failures at day 0. RESULTS: 75 patients were included in the study (40 outpatients, 35 hospitalizations). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographics, surgical data, or the incidence of complications. In the outpatient group, three patients could not be discharged the evening of the procedure and had to stay overnight. No readmissions or major complications were reported in this group. CONCLUSION: Our prospective study shows that outpatient Extended L-shaped Lipo-brachioplasty safely provides the same outcomes as those performed during traditional hospitalization. We believe that for eligible patients, it should routinely be performed as an outpatient procedure.

[Endocrine surgery during and after the COVID-19 epidemic: Guidelines from AFCE]. / Chirurgie endocrinienne au cours et au décours de l'épidémie de COVID-19 : recommandations de l'AFCE.

The COVID-19 pandemic commands a major reorganization of the entire French healthcare system. In France, general rules have been issued nationally and implemented by each healthcare center, both public and private, throughout France. Guidelines drafted by an expert group led by the French-speaking Association of Endocrine Surgery (AFCE) propose specific surgical management principles for thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine pancreas and adrenal surgery during and after the COVID-19 epidemic.

Endocrine surgery during and after the COVID-19 epidemic: Expert guidelines from AFCE.

The COVID-19 pandemic commands a major reorganisation of the entire French healthcare system. In France, general rules have been issued nationally and implemented by each healthcare centre, both public and private, throughout France. Guidelines drafted by an expert group led by the French-speaking Association of Endocrine Surgery (AFCE) propose specific surgical management principles for thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine pancreas and adrenal surgery during and after the COVID-19 epidemic.

Impact of total thyroidectomy on quality of life at 6 months: the prospective ThyrQoL multicentre trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study is to determine the impact of complications after total thyroidectomy on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and to identify significant predictive factors of HR-QoL changes. HR-QoL is usually impaired in patients with thyroid diseases compared to the general population. Thyroidectomy is largely performed in the case of benign thyroid benign and can be associated with long-term complications (vocal cord palsy, hypoparathyroidism). DESIGN: The prospective ThyrQoL multicenter trial (NCT02167529) included 800 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for benign or malignant non-extensive disease in seven French referral hospitals between 2014 and 2016. METHODS: HR-QoL was assessed using the MOS 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) self-questionnaire with a 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: We observed a significant improvement of HR-QoL 6 months after surgery (P < 0.0001). Postoperative complications were associated with a non-significant impairment of HR-QoL. In multivariable analysis, Graves' disease was associated with a significant improvement of HR-QoL (OR = 2.39 [1.49; 3.84]) and thyroid malignant disease with an impairment of HR-QoL (OR = 1.44 [0.99; 2.08]) after thyroidectomy. CONCLUSION: We observed a significant improvement of HR-QoL 6 months after total thyroid surgery for benign thyroid disease.

Medical expert witness testimony in France and in Europe.

Health care professionals are usually at a loss when it comes to medical "complaints", essentially because they lack knowledge with regard to existing litigation procedures. After a short reminder of the different rights of appeal in France, we describe how medical appeals function in other European countries. Next, we give the details of how the evaluation of claims of bodily damage works, a process in which every physician may be called upon to participate several times in a career, either as the defendant, or as a medical counselor, or as an expert. The goal of this update is to understand the different compensation appeal circuits available to patients and help the surgeon demystify and dedramatize the situation while preparing for the medical expert witness testimony. All such testimony reports, via whatever appeal circuit, follow a similar procedure, even if they are not exactly identical.