Adenovirus 36 infection and daycare starting age are associated with adiposity in children and adolescents

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate human adenovirus 36 (Adv36) as an associated factor for adiposity in children and adolescents aged 9-12 years. Methods This was a case-control study comparing overweight (cases) and eutrophic (controls) children and adolescents aged 9-12 years based on their body mass index in relation to human adenovirus 36 serology. Human adenovirus 36-specific neutralizing antibodies were assessed using the serum neutralization assay, and a questionnaire regarding the subjects' personal backgrounds, breastfeed history, age of starting daycare, and eating and exercise habits was also applied. Results A total of 101 (51, eutrophic; 50, overweight) children were included in the study. The Adv36 seropositivity rate was of 15.8%, which increased the chance of being overweight by 3.17 times (p = 0.049). Enrollment in a full-time daycare center before the age of 24 months increased the chance of being overweight by 2.78 times (p = 0.027). Metabolic parameters (total cholesterol and blood glucose) were insignificantly different among children who were seropositive or seronegative for human adenovirus 36. Conclusion This study concluded that excessive weight was positively associated with seropositivity for human adenovirus 36. Early enrollment in a full-time daycare was also an associated factor for obesity. Such data, confirmed in new studies, reinforces the role of human adenovirus 36 in the increase of childhood adiposity.

Adenovirus 36 infection and daycare starting age are associated with adiposity in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate human adenovirus 36 (Adv36) as an associated factor for adiposity in children and adolescents aged 9-12 years. METHODS: This was a case-control study comparing overweight (cases) and eutrophic (controls) children and adolescents aged 9-12 years based on their body mass index in relation to human adenovirus 36 serology. Human adenovirus 36-specific neutralizing antibodies were assessed using the serum neutralization assay, and a questionnaire regarding the subjects' personal backgrounds, breastfeed history, age of starting daycare, and eating and exercise habits was also applied. RESULTS: A total of 101 (51, eutrophic; 50, overweight) children were included in the study. The Adv36 seropositivity rate was of 15.8%, which increased the chance of being overweight by 3.17 times (p=0.049). Enrollment in a full-time daycare center before the age of 24 months increased the chance of being overweight by 2.78 times (p=0.027). Metabolic parameters (total cholesterol and blood glucose) were insignificantly different among children who were seropositive or seronegative for human adenovirus 36. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that excessive weight was positively associated with seropositivity for human adenovirus 36. Early enrollment in a full-time daycare was also an associated factor for obesity. Such data, confirmed in new studies, reinforces the role of human adenovirus 36 in the increase of childhood adiposity.

Instruments measuring pregnant women's expectations of labor and childbirth: A systematic review.

To systematically identify studies about the assessment of pregnant women's expectations, using measuring instruments. An online search was made of Medline/PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar, CAPES and LILACS databases in national and international publications from their first indexation until December 2018, using words associated with expectations during pregnancy. This review included observational studies that presented instruments to measure the expectations of pregnant women; observational studies that described the instrument development or tested the psychometric properties of an instrument. The studies were independently assessed for inclusion, data extraction and potential risks of bias. Because all study designs were observational, MOOSE was used to evaluate the quality of data. The Terwee's quality criteria were used for quality assessment of the instruments. Thirty-two studies were included in this review. The aim of the identified instruments was to measure expectations, experiences, satisfaction, quality of attachment, and attitudes at delivery, encompassing several aspects of the pregnancy process and childbirth. Most studies measured expectations only by relating them to fear and pain during childbirth. The results of this systematic review indicated that there are currently no instruments measuring pregnant women's expectations about childbirth other than those focusing on fear and pain. This gap indicates a need to develop a specific instrument for assessing and measuring this phenomenon comprehensively.

Health-related quality of life and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

OBJECTIVE: Most, but not all cross-sectional surveys have identified lower quality of life among patients with hypertension. We summarized the estimates for this association in a systematic review and in a meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. METHODS: Studies that used the Short-Form Health Survey (SF) to compare the quality of life of normotensive and hypertensive individuals were searched in Embase, MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, Ovid, ScienceDirect, SciELO and Cochrane databases using 'hypertension' and 'quality of life' medical subject heading (MeSH) terms and the words 'health survey, SF-12, SF-36 and their spelling variations (SF12, SF 12, SF36 and SF 36)'. Data extraction was conducted by two researchers. Data were analyzed with MIX 1.7 using random effects model. Results of the meta-analysis were expressed as differences of mean scores between hypertensive and normotensive individuals. RESULTS: Most of the 20 studies selected for the systematic review identified lower quality of life in patients with hypertension, but they were very heterogeneous in regard to selection criteria and comparison groups, limiting their external validity. The meta-analysis identified lower scores in hypertensive patients for physical [-2.43; 95% confidence interval (CI) -4.77 to -0.08] and mental (-1.68; 95% CI -2.14 to -1.23) components. Quality of life was lower in the eight domains of the SF-36: physical and functional functioning, role physical and emotional, bodily pain, general health, vitality and mental health. CONCLUSION: Quality of life of individuals with hypertension is slightly worse than that of normotensive individuals. The influence of high blood pressure and of the awareness to have hypertension requires further investigation.