Prevalence of body composition phenotypes and their associations with glycemic, lipidic, and inflammatory biomarkers: a population-based study.

We aimed to verify the prevalence of body composition phenotypes and the association of glycemic, lipidic, and inflammatory biomarkers with such phenotypes. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study, with 720 participants aged 20 to 59 years. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Obesity was defined as body fat percentage ≥ 25% in males and ≥ 32% in females and sarcopenia by appendicular muscle mass index < 7.0kg/m2 in males and < 5.5kg/m2 in females. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) was defined as the presence of both sarcopenia and obesity. The prevalence of obesity, sarcopenia, and SO were 62.5%, 4.5%, and 6.2%, respectively. The association between biomarkers and phenotypes was verified using multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for confounding factors. The models showed that increased glycemia (OR = 3.39; 95%CI: 1.83-6.27), total cholesterol (TC) (OR = 2.24; 95%CI: 1.35-3.70), LDL-c (OR = 1.01; 95%CI: 1.00-1.02), VLDL-c (OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.02-1.06), non-HDL-c (OR = 1.02; 95%CI: 1.01-1.03), triglycerides (Tg) (OR = 3.66; 95%CI: 2.20-6.06), and decreased HDL-c (OR = 0.97; 95%CI: 0.95-0.98) were significantly associated with the obesity phenotype. Increased HOMA-IR (OR = 3.94; 95%CI: 1.69-9.21), LDL-c (OR = 1.01; 95%CI: 1.00-1.02), non-HDL-c (OR = 1.01; 95%CI: 1.00-1.02), and hs-CRP (OR = 2.42; 95%CI: 1.04-5.66) were independently associated with SO phenotype. Our findings indicate that increased glycemia, TC, Tg, LDL-c, VLDL-c, non-HDL-c, and decreased HDL-c may be indicators of the obesity phenotype and that increased hs-CRP, HOMA-IR, LDL-c, and non-HDL-c appear to be indicators of the SO phenotype. Those parameters may be used as additional markers for screening.

Effects of Probiotic Use on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in the Late Postoperative Period of Bariatric Surgery: A Cross-Over, Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

INTRODUCTION: Despite the benefits associated with weight reduction, the anatomical and functional changes of bariatric surgery may favor the development of undesirable side effects such as the appearance of gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of using probiotics in individuals with GIS 1 year after being submitted to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an experimental, prospective, randomized, cross-over, triple-blind, placebo-controlled study, carried out with patients 1 year after being submitted to RYGB and who reported at least one moderate GIS. Subjects were randomized into two groups and completed the two research periods: in one they received placebo capsules, in the other 50 billion CFU of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus gasseri), both for 8 weeks, with 8 weeks of wash-out period in between, and were evaluated for the presence of Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) and GIS, through the Hydrogen breath test and Gastric Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaire. RESULTS: Of a total of 56 participants, 47 individuals completed the study. No significant effects were observed in neither the gastrointestinal symptoms or in the prevalence of SIBO with the use of probiotics. CONCLUSION: Supplementation of the probiotics chosen for this study does not seem to alleviate GIS or influence the improvement of SIBO in symptomatic patients after 1 year of RYGB.

Prevalence of body composition phenotypes and their associations with glycemic, lipidic, and inflammatory biomarkers: a population-based study / Prevalência de fenótipos corporais e suas associações com biomarcadores dos perfis glicídico, lipídico e inflamatório: um estudo de base populacional / Prevalencia de fenotipos corporales y sus asociaciones con biomarcadores de perfiles glucídicos, lipídicos e inflamatorios: un estudio de base poblacional

Abstract: We aimed to verify the prevalence of body composition phenotypes and the association of glycemic, lipidic, and inflammatory biomarkers with such phenotypes. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study, with 720 participants aged 20 to 59 years. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Obesity was defined as body fat percentage ≥ 25% in males and ≥ 32% in females and sarcopenia by appendicular muscle mass index < 7.0kg/m2 in males and < 5.5kg/m2 in females. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) was defined as the presence of both sarcopenia and obesity. The prevalence of obesity, sarcopenia, and SO were 62.5%, 4.5%, and 6.2%, respectively. The association between biomarkers and phenotypes was verified using multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for confounding factors. The models showed that increased glycemia (OR = 3.39; 95%CI: 1.83-6.27), total cholesterol (TC) (OR = 2.24; 95%CI: 1.35-3.70), LDL-c (OR = 1.01; 95%CI: 1.00-1.02), VLDL-c (OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.02-1.06), non-HDL-c (OR = 1.02; 95%CI: 1.01-1.03), triglycerides (Tg) (OR = 3.66; 95%CI: 2.20-6.06), and decreased HDL-c (OR = 0.97; 95%CI: 0.95-0.98) were significantly associated with the obesity phenotype. Increased HOMA-IR (OR = 3.94; 95%CI: 1.69-9.21), LDL-c (OR = 1.01; 95%CI: 1.00-1.02), non-HDL-c (OR = 1.01; 95%CI: 1.00-1.02), and hs-CRP (OR = 2.42; 95%CI: 1.04-5.66) were independently associated with SO phenotype. Our findings indicate that increased glycemia, TC, Tg, LDL-c, VLDL-c, non-HDL-c, and decreased HDL-c may be indicators of the obesity phenotype and that increased hs-CRP, HOMA-IR, LDL-c, and non-HDL-c appear to be indicators of the SO phenotype. Those parameters may be used as additional markers for screening.

Resumo: Objetivou-se verificar a prevalência de fenótipos corporais e suas associações com biomarcadores dos perfis glicídico, lipídico e inflamatório. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com 720 indivíduos de 20 a 59 anos. A composição corporal foi avaliada por absorciometria com raios X de dupla energia. Obesidade foi definida como percentual de gordura corporal ≥ 25% em homens e ≥ 32% em mulheres e sarcopenia pelo índice de massa muscular apendicular < 7,0kg/m2 em homens e < 5,5kg/m2 em mulheres. A obesidade sarcopênica foi definida como a coexistência de sarcopenia e obesidade. As prevalências de obesidade, sarcopenia e obesidade sarcopênica foram de 62,5%, 4,5% e 6,2%, respectivamente. A associação entre biomarcadores e fenótipos foi verificada por meio de modelos de regressão logística multinomial ajustados por variáveis de confusão. Os modelos mostraram que níveis aumentados de glicemia (OR = 3,39; IC95%: 1,83-6,27), colesterol total (OR = 2,24; IC95%: 1,35-3,70), LDL-c (OR = 1,01; IC95%: 1,00-1,02), VLDL-c (OR = 1,04; IC95%: 1,02-1,06), não HDL-c (OR = 1,02; IC95%: 1,01-1,03), triglicerídeos (OR = 3,66; IC95%: 2,20-6,06) e diminuição do HDL-c (OR = 0,97; IC95%: 0,95-0,98) foram significativamente associados ao fenótipo de obesidade. Índices aumentados de HOMA-IR (OR = 3,94; IC95%: 1,69-9,21), LDL-c (OR = 1,01; IC95%: 1,00-1,02), não HDL-c (OR = 1,01; IC95%: 1,00-1,02) e PCR-us (OR = 2,42; IC95%: 1,04-5,66) foram independentemente associados ao fenótipo de obesidade sarcopênica. Nossos resultados sugerem que níveis aumentados de glicemia, colesterol total, triglicerídeos, LDL-c, VLDL-c, não HDL-c e graus reduzidos de HDL-c são indicadores do fenótipo de obesidade e que o aumento em níveis de PCR-us, HOMA-IR, LDL-c e não HDL-c são indicadores do fenótipo de obesidade sarcopênica. Esses parâmetros podem ser usados como marcadores adicionais para triagem.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de fenotipos corporales y sus asociaciones con biomarcadores de perfiles lipídicos, glucídicos e inflamatorios. Se trata de un estudio transversal, de base poblacional, realizado con 720 individuos de entre 20 y 59 años. La composición corporal se evaluó mediante absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual. La obesidad se estimó como porcentaje de grasa corporal ≥ 25% en hombres y ≥ 32% en mujeres, y la sarcopenia como índice de masa muscular apendicular < 7,0kg/m2 en hombres y < 5,5kg/m2 en mujeres. La obesidad sarcopénica se evaluó como la coexistencia de sarcopenia y obesidad. Las prevalencias de obesidad, sarcopenia y obesidad sarcopénica fueron del 62,5%, 4,5% y 6,2%, respectivamente. La asociación entre biomarcadores y fenotipos se comprobó mediante modelos de regresión logística multinomial ajustados por variables de confusión. Los modelos mostraron que el incremento de los niveles de glucosa en la sangre (OR = 3,39; IC95%: 1,83-6,27), colesterol total (OR = 2,24; IC95%: 1,35-3,70), LDL-c (OR = 1,01; IC95%: 1,00-1,02), VLDL-c (OR = 1,04; IC95%: 1,02-1,06), no HDL-c (OR = 1,02; IC95%: 1,01-1,03), triglicéridos (OR = 3,66; IC95%: 2,20-6,06) y disminución de HDL-c (OR = 0,97; IC95%: 0,95-0,98) se asociaron significativamente con el fenotipo de obesidad. Las tasas aumentadas de HOMA-IR (OR = 3,94; IC95%: 1,69-9,21), LDL-c (OR = 1,01; IC95%: 1,00-1,02), no-HDL-c (OR = 1,01; IC95%: 1,00-1,02) y PCR-us (OR = 2,42; IC95%: 1,04-5,66) se asociaron de manera independiente con el fenotipo de obesidad sarcopénica. Los resultados demuestran que el aumento de los niveles de glucosa en la sangre, colesterol total, triglicéridos, LDL-c, VLDL-c, no-HDL-c y grados reducidos de HDL-c son indicadores del fenotipo de obesidad y que el incremento de los niveles de PCR-us, HOMA-IR, LDL-c y no-HDL-c son indicadores del fenotipo de obesidad sarcopénica. Estos parámetros se pueden utilizar como marcadores adicionales para el cribado.

Oxygen uptake and indicators of obesity: meta-analysis including 17,604 adolescents / Consumo de oxígeno e indicadores de obesidad: metanálisis incluindo 17.604 adolescentes / Consumo de oxigênio e indicadores de obesidade: metanálise incluindo 17.604 adolescentes

ABSTRACT Introduction: Low aerobic fitness levels are associated with excess body adiposity in adolescents. However, studies that have analyzed this association in adolescents have used different methods and measures to evaluate aerobic fitness, making it difficult to compare the results. Objective: To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis of studies that have analyzed the association between aerobic fitness and anthropometric body adiposity indicators in adolescents aged 10-19 years. Methods: A systematic search was performed in May 2016, updated in March 2017, in the following electronic databases: LILACS (BIREME), Embase, MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science (Web of Knowledge), Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. Results: Twenty-three studies were selected. The meta-analysis indicated that as the aerobic fitness levels increased, the BMI, waist circumference and body fat percentage values of the adolescents decreased. Conclusion: There is a negative association between aerobic fitness (evaluated by measuring maximum oxygen uptake in the 20-meter Shuttle Run test) and the body fat percentage, BMI and waist circumference of adolescents and a negative association between aerobic fitness (assessed by measuring the number of laps in the 20-meter Shuttle Run test) and body fat percentage. However, caution is required in the interpretation of data due to the heterogeneity of the studies analyzed. Level of Evidence II; Systematic review of studies with level II of evidence.

RESUMEN Introducción: La evidencia sugiere que los niveles bajos de aptitud aeróbica están asociados a un exceso de adiposidad corporal en los adolescentes. Sin embargo, los estudios que analizaron esta asociación en adolescentes utilizaron diferentes métodos y medidas para evaluar la aptitud aeróbica, lo que dificulta la comparación de los resultados encontrados. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática con metanálisis de estudios que evaluaron la asociación entre aptitud aeróbica e indicadores antropométricos de adiposidad corporal en adolescentes de 10 a 19 años. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en mayo de 2016, actualizada em marzo de 2017, en las bases de datos electrónicas: LILACS (BIREME), Embase, MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science (Web of Knowledge), Scopus y SPORTDiscus. Esta revisión incluyó estudios transversales con adolescentes de 10 a 19 años que analizaron la asociación entre la aptitud aeróbica (con diferentes métodos de evaluación) y los indicadores antropométricos de la adiposidad corporal (utilizando la antropometría como método). Resultados: Se seleccionaron 23 estudios. El metanálisis indicó que a medida que aumentaban los niveles de aptitud aeróbica, el IMC, la circunferencia de la cintura y el porcentaje de grasa corporal de los adolescentes disminuían. Conclusión: Existe una asociación negativa entre la aptitud aeróbica (evaluada por el test Shuttle Run 20 metros mediante el consumo máximo de oxígeno) y el porcentaje de grasa, IMC y circunferencia de cintura de los adolescentes y una asociación negativa entre la aptitud aeróbica evaluada por el test Shuttle Run 20 metros según el número de vueltas y el porcentaje de grasa corporal. Sin embargo, se requiere precaución al interpretar los datos debido a la heterogeneidad de los estudios analizados. Nivel de evidencia II; Revisión sistemática de estudios de nivel II

RESUMO Introdução: Os baixos níveis de aptidão aeróbica estão associados ao excesso de adiposidade corporal em adolescentes. Porém, os estudos que analisaram essa associação em adolescentes, utilizaram diferentes métodos e medidas para avaliar a aptidão aeróbica, o que dificulta a comparação dos resultados. Objetivos: Realizar uma revisão sistemática com metanálise de estudos que analisaram a associação entre aptidão aeróbica e indicadores antropométricos de adiposidade corporal em adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos. Métodos: Realizou-se busca sistemática em maio de 2016, atualizada em março de 2017, nas seguintes bases de dados eletrônicas: LILACS (BIREME), Embase, MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science (Web of Knowledge), Scopus e SPORTDiscus. Resultados: Foram selecionados 23 estudos. A metanálise indicou que à medida que aumentavam os níveis de aptidão aeróbica, diminuíam os valores de IMC, do perímetro da cintura e do percentual de gordura corporal dos adolescentes. Conclusões: Existe uma associação negativa entre aptidão aeróbica (avaliada pela medida da captação de oxigênio no teste de corrida de vaivém de 20 metros [20m Shuttle Run]) e percentual de gordura, IMC e perímetro da cintura dos adolescentes e associação negativa entre aptidão aeróbica (avaliada pela contagem de voltas no teste de vai e vem de 20 metros) e percentual de gordura corporal. Contudo, é necessária cautela na interpretação dos dados devido à heterogeneidade dos estudos analisados. Nível de evidência II; Revisão sistemática de Estudos de Nível II

Impact of social isolation by Coronavirus disease 2019 in food: a narrative review / Impacto do isolamento social pela Coronavirus disease 2019 na alimentação: uma revisão narrativa

ABSTRACT The objective of this narrative review, with a systematic survey, was to investigate the impact of social isolation on food (eating habits) during the 2019 Coronavirus disease pandemic. A retrieval of studies published from January 1st, 2019 to June 18th, 2020 was carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases. The screening was structured using the terms corresponding to Coronavirus disease 2019, social isolation and food. All steps were carried out independently by three reviewers. Twelve studies were included, totaling 20,789 people assessed, with a predominance of cross-sectional studies of adult population. The studies reviewed had been carried out in Italy (n=4), Spain (n=2), Poland (n=1), China (n=1), India (n=1), United States of America (n=1), South Africa (n=1) and in a continental multicenter (n=1). The analysis of the studies included showed that most people reported that they did not change their usual diet; in addition, an increase in cooking habits, consumption of fruits and vegetables and a decrease in the consumption of alcoholic beverages was observed. A decrease in fish consumption and an increase in comfort foods were also reported. It was found that food habits changed in times of social isolation. We suggest that new investigations be carried out in different socioeconomic and demographic frameworks. We propose to continue the study on this theme, with a systematic review with or without meta-analysis.

RESUMO Trata-se de revisão narrativa com busca sistemática, tendo por objetivo investigar o impacto do isolamento social na alimentação (hábitos alimentares) durante a pandemia da Coronavirus Disease 2019. Foi realizado rastreio de estudos publicados no período de 1º de janeiro de 2019 a 18 de junho de 2020 nas bases PubMed, Web of Science e Embase. A busca foi estruturada utilizando os unitermos correspondentes a Coronavirus Disease 2019, isolamento social e alimentação. Todas as etapas foram executadas de forma independente por três revisores. Foram incluídos 12 estudos, totalizando 20.789 pessoas pesquisadas, com a predominância de estudos de corte transversal na população adulta. Os estudos analisados foram desenvolvidos na Itália (n=4), Espanha (n=2), Polônia (n=1), China (n=1), Índia (n=1), Estados Unidos da América (n=1), África do Sul (n=1) e multicêntrico continental (n=1). A análise dos estudos incluídos evidenciou que a maioria das pessoas relatou não mudar a dieta habitual, observando-se também o aumento do hábito de cozinhar, consumir frutas, legumes e verduras e a diminuição do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas. Constatou-se diminuição do consumo de peixes e aumento das chamadas comfort foods. Verificou-se que a alimentação sofreu alterações em tempos de isolamento social. Sugerimos que novas pesquisas sejam realizadas em diferentes contextos socioeconômicos e demográficos. Propomos a continuidade do estudo desta temática, com realização de revisão sistemática com ou sem metanálise.

Fish oil decreases the severity of treatment-related adverse events in gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: A randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blind clinical trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Due to its high peroxidizable characteristics, n-3 fatty acids, present in fish oil, could increase tumor cells sensitivity to conventional cancer treatment while non-neoplastic cells remain unaffected, this may lead to an increase in cancer treatment response with no increase on adverse effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-cancer treatment response, performance status and adverse events in gastrointestinal cancer patients supplemented with fish oil. Oxidative stress parameters were investigated in blood non-neoplastic cells as an indicator of cytotoxicity. METHODS: This is a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Fish oil group (FOG) received two capsules of fish oil containing 1.55 g of EPA + DHA a day for nine weeks, placebo group (PG) received two capsules containing olive oil. Baseline was set right before the administration of the first chemotherapy, oxidative stress parameters, adverse events presence and grading and performance status were assessed at baseline and after nine weeks of supplementation. Tumor markers, response to treatment and survival were evaluated at baseline and after one year of study inclusion. RESULTS: 76 patients were considered eligible, 56 were randomized, and 51 remained for analysis. After nine weeks, although there were no differences between groups for treatment response and presence of adverse events, PG patients were graded with more severe diarrhea than FOG patients (p = 0.03) and with higher (worse) performance status score (p = 0.02). No differences in lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidant enzymes were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Fish oil may lead to a better performance status for gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy while does not seem to increase treatment-related toxicity. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT02699047, www.clinicaltrials.gov.

Selenium intake and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Metabolic syndrome is a multi-causal disease. Its treatment includes lifestyle changes with a focus on weight loss. This systematic review assessed the association between Selenium intake and metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Data were collected mainly from four databases: PubMed, CENTRAL (Cochrane), Scopus and Web of Knowledge. Keywords related to metabolic syndrome, selenium, as well as metabolic syndrome features were searched. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. A systematic review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (n. 42016046321). Two reviewers independently screened 2957 abstracts. Six studies were included to perform data extraction with standardized spreadsheets. The risk of bias was assessed by using specific tools according to the design of the relevant studies. An assessment was carried out based on the appropriateness of the study reports accordingly to STROBE and the CONSORT-based checklist for each study design. RESULTS: Three studies found no association between Selenium intake and metabolic syndrome; two of them found an inverse association; and one study found a direct association between Selenium intake and metabolic syndrome. One study also showed an inverse association between Selenium intake and the prevalence of high waist circumference, high diastolic blood pressure, and hyperglycaemia in women. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, based on the argumentation and results of this study, it is possible to conclude that Selenium intake and metabolic syndrome are not clearly associated in adults and elderly.

Chronic diseases, multimorbidity, and handgrip strength among older adults from Southern Brazil / Doenças crônicas, multimorbidade e força de preensão manual em idosos de uma comunidade do Sul do Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the association between various chronic diseases, multimorbidity, and handgrip strength in community dwelling older adults in Southern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out with 477 older adults (60 years and older) who resided in Antônio Carlos, Santa Catarina state. Subjects aged 60-79 years were selected by probability sampling (n=343) and all subjects aged 80 years or older (n=134) were evaluated. Chronic diseases were identified by self-report. A mechanical dynamometer verified handgrip strength (i.e., the outcome). Adjustments variables were age, literacy, living arrangement, smoking, body mass index, cognitive function, and comorbid chronic diseases. Sex-stratified analyses were conducted with simple and multiple linear regression. Results: A total of 270 women (73.2±8.8 years) and 207 men (73.3±9.0 years) were assessed. In the adjustment analysis, cancer (β=-3.69; 95%CI=-6.97 to -0.41) and depression (β=-1.65; 95%CI=-3.20 to -0.10) were associated with lower handgrip strength in women. For men, diabetes (β=-5.30; 95%CI=-9.64 to -0.95), chronic lung disease (β=-4.74; 95%CI=-7.98 to -1.50), and coronary heart disease (β=-3.07; 95%CI=-5.98 to -0.16) were associated with lower handgrip strength values. There was an inverse trend between number of diseases and handgrip strength for men only. Conclusion: The results showed an independent association between chronic diseases and handgrip strength. As such, handgrip strength is a valid measure to use for prevention or intervention in chronic disease and multimorbidity.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar associação entre doenças crônicas, multimorbidade e força de preensão manual em idosos de uma comunidade do Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, de base populacional e domiciliar, realizado com 477 indivíduos com idade a partir de 60 anos, residentes em Antônio Carlos, Santa Catarina. Os idosos de 60 a 79 anos foram selecionados por amostragem probabilística (n=343), e todos os indivíduos com 80 anos ou mais (n=134) foram avaliados. As doenças crônicas foram identificadas por autorrelato. A força de preensão manual (desfecho) foi mensurada por meio de dinamômetro mecânico. As variáveis de ajuste foram idade, escolaridade, arranjo familiar, tabagismo, índice de massa corporal, estado cognitivo e doenças crônicas. As análises, estratificadas por sexo, foram realizadas por meio de regressão linear simples e múltipla. Resultados: Foram avaliados 270 mulheres (73,2± 8,8 anos) e 207 homens (73,3± 9,0 anos). Na análise ajustada, câncer (β=-3,69; IC95%=-6,97 a -0,41) e depressão (β=-1,65; IC95%=-3,20 a -0,10) foram associados à menor força de preensão manual nas mulheres. Para os homens, diabetes (β=-5,30; IC95%=-9,64 a -0,95), doença pulmonar (β=-4,74; IC95%=-7,98 a -1,50) e doença coronariana (β=-3,07; IC95%=-5,98 a -0,16) foram associados a menor força de preensão manual. Houve tendência inversa entre número de doenças e força de preensão manual apenas para os homens. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram associação independente entre doenças crônicas e força de preensão manual. Sendo assim, a força de preensão manual é uma medida válida para ser utilizada na prevenção ou na intervenção das doenças crônicas e nas multimorbidades.

Fish oil supplementation during chemotherapy increases posterior time to tumor progression in colorectal cancer.

The authors evaluated clinical outcomes during and after chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients supplemented with fish oil during the first 9 wk of treatment. Thirty individuals never submitted to chemotherapy were randomized into supplemented group (SG), which received 2 g/day of fish oil (0.6 g/day of EPA and DHA) for 9 wk or control group (CG), which received neither fish oil nor placebo. Outcomes assessed were number of chemotherapy cycles administered; days undergoing chemotherapy; number of delays and interruptions in the administration of chemotherapy; number of hospitalizations during chemotherapy; tumor progression; values of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); days until events (death and progression); and 3 yr survival. Time to tumor progression was significantly longer in SG [S593 days (±211.5)] vs. CG [330 days (± 135.1); P = 0.04], other outcomes did not differ between groups. Subjects with advanced cancer who received fish oil presented longer time to tumor progression and lower CEA values after chemotherapy; however these differences were not statistically significant. Supplementation with 2 g/day of fish oil for the first 9 wk of chemotherapy may contribute to delay in tumor progression in colorectal patients, possibly by enhancing the antineoplastic action of the chemotherapeutic drug.

Impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on lipid and inflammatory profiles.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the behavior of acute phase proteins and lipid profile in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study, consisting of three moments: M1 - preoperative (24 hours before surgery); M2 - 30 days after surgery; and M3 - 180 days after surgery. We carried measured height and BMI, as well as determined the concentrations of acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin and Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein) and total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c and triacylglycerol. RESULTS: participants comprised 25 individuals, with a mean age of 39.28 ± 8.07, 72% female. At all times of the study there was statistically significant difference as for weight loss and BMI. We found a significant decrease in CRP concentrations between the moments M1 and M3 (p = 0.041) and between M2 and M3 (p = 0.018). There was decrease in Alpha-1-GA concentrations between M1 and M2 (p = 0.023) and between M1 and M3 (p = 0.028). The albumin values increased, but did not differ between times. Total cholesterol and triacylglycerol decreased significantly ay all times. LDL-c concentrations decreased and differed between M1 and M2 (p = 0.001) and between M1 and M3 (p = 0.001). HDL-c values increased, however only differing between M1 and M2 (p = 0.050). CONCLUSION: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass promoted a decrease in plasma concentrations of CRP and Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, improving lipid and inflammatory profiles.

Impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on lipid and inflammatory profiles / Impacto da derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux no perfil inflamatório e lipídico

Objective: To evaluate the behavior of acute phase proteins and lipid profile in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Methods : We conducted a prospective study, consisting of three moments: M1 - preoperative (24 hours before surgery); M2 - 30 days after surgery; and M3 - 180 days after surgery. We carried measured height and BMI, as well as determined the concentrations of acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin and Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein) and total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c and triacylglycerol. Results : participants comprised 25 individuals, with a mean age of 39.28 ± 8.07, 72% female. At all times of the study there was statistically significant difference as for weight loss and BMI. We found a significant decrease in CRP concentrations between the moments M1 and M3 (p = 0.041) and between M2 and M3 (p = 0.018). There was decrease in Alpha-1-GA concentrations between M1 and M2 (p = 0.023) and between M1 and M3 (p = 0.028). The albumin values increased, but did not differ between times. Total cholesterol and triacylglycerol decreased significantly ay all times. LDL-c concentrations decreased and differed between M1 and M2 (p = 0.001) and between M1 and M3 (p = 0.001). HDL-c values increased, however only differing between M1 and M2 (p = 0.050). Conclusion : Roux-en-Y gastric bypass promoted a decrease in plasma concentrations of CRP and Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, improving lipid and inflammatory profiles.

Objetivo: avaliar o comportamento das proteínas de fase aguda e o perfil lipídico em pacientes submetidos à derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux. Métodos: estudo prospectivo, constituído por três momentos: M1 - pré-cirúrgico (24 horas antes do procedimento cirúrgico); M2 - 30 dias pós-cirúrgico; e M3 - 180 dias pós-cirúrgico. Foram realizadas aferição antropométrica de peso, altura e IMC, como também determinação das concentrações das proteínas de fase aguda (proteína c reativa (PCR), albumina e alfa-1-glicoproteína-ácida) e de colesterol total, LDL-c, HDL-c e triacilglicerol. Resultados: participaram desse estudo 25 indivíduos, com média de idade de 39,28±8,07, sendo 72% do sexo feminino. Em todos os momentos do estudo observou-se diferença estatística significativa quanto à redução de peso e IMC. Verificou-se diminuição com diferença nas concentrações da PCR entre os momentos M1 e M3 (p=0,041); M2 e M3 (p=0,018). As concentrações da a1-GA reduziram e foram diferentes entre os momentos M1 e M2 (p=0,023); M1 e M3 (p=0,028). Os valores de albumina aumentaram, mas não diferiram entre os momentos. O colesterol total e o triacilglicerol diminuíram com diferença entre todos os momentos. As concentrações de LDL-c diminuíram e diferiram entre os momentos M1 e M2 (p=0,001); M1 e M3 (p=0,001). Os valores de HDL-c aumentaram, entretanto apenas diferiram entre os momentos M1 e M2 (p=0,050). Conclusão: a derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux promoveu diminuição nas concentrações plasmáticas da PCR e alfa-1-glicoproteína ácida, melhorando o perfil inflamatório e lipídico.

Individuals with hematological malignancies before undergoing chemotherapy present oxidative stress parameters and acute phase proteins correlated with nutritional status.

Hematological malignancies present abnormal blood cells that may have altered functions. This study aimed to evaluate nutritional status, acute phase proteins, parameters of cell's functionality, and oxidative stress of patients with hematological malignancies, providing a representation of these variables at diagnosis, comparisons between leukemias and lymphomas and establishing correlations. Nutritional status, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, phagocytic capacity and superoxide anion production of mononuclear cells, lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in plasma were evaluated in 16 untreated subjects. Main diagnosis was acute leukemia (n = 9) and median body mass index (BMI) indicated overweight (25.6 kg/m(2)). Median albumin was below (3.2 g/dL) and CRP above (37.45 mg/L) the reference values. Albumin was inversely correlated with BMI (r = -0.53). Most patients were overweight before the beginning of treatment and had a high CRP/albumin ratio, which may indicate a nutrition inflammatory risk. BMI values correlated positively with lipid peroxidation and catalase activity. A strong correlation between catalase activity and lipid peroxidation was found (r = 0.75). Besides the elevated BMI, these patients also have elevated CRP values and unexpected relations between nutritional status and albumin, reinforcing the need for nutritional counseling during the course of chemotherapy, especially considering the correlations between oxidative stress parameters and nutritional status evidenced here.

Creatina e treinamento resistido: efeito na hidratação e massa corporal magra / Creatine and resistance training: effect on hydration and lean body mass / Creatina y entrenamiento resistido: efecto en la hidratación y masa corporal magra

INTRODUÇÃO: a creatina é um recurso ergogênico cuja suplementação tem sido associada ao aumento da hidratação corporal total e ao aumento da massa muscular dos consumidores. Entretanto, estudiosos questionam se o aumento da massa muscular é um ganho real. OBJETIVO: avaliar o efeito da suplementação de creatina sobre a hidratação e o aumento de massa magra em indivíduos previamente treinados e não treinados, submetidos a um programa de treinamento resistido. MÉTODOS: ensaio clínico não randomizado, constituído por três momentos, M1 - Início da suplementação com 20g/dia de creatina; M2 - 7 dias após iniciada a suplementação e redução da suplementação para 5g/dia; M3 - 28 dias de suplementação. Nos momentos propostos, foram realizadas aferições de peso, estatura e avaliação da composição corporal (massa magra, água corporal total) com a utilização do BYODINAMICS(r) Modelo 310. Para todos os testes estatísticos, foi adotado o nível de significância de 95% (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: participaram desse estudo 14 voluntários adultos do sexo masculino, com idade média de 22,57(±1,45) anos, dos quais sete eram treinados e sete não treinados. Após 28 dias de suplementação, no grupo treinado observou-se um aumento significativo no peso, água corporal total, massa magra e hidratação da massa magra, mas nenhum aumento significativo foi observado no grupo não treinado. Em relação ao ângulo de fase, este aumentou no grupo não treinado e reduziu no grupo treinado. CONCLUSÃO: a suplementação de creatina associada ao treinamento resistido é mais efetiva na hidratação de indivíduos treinados, como também é suficiente para reduzir a diferença significativa do ângulo de fase intergrupos, sugerindo assim, maior hidratação celular em ambos os grupos. Contudo, esse aumento na hidratação não revelou aumento significativo no tecido muscular. .

INTRODUCTION: creatine is an ergogenic aid which supplementation has been associated to increased hydration and increased muscle mass of consumers. However, researchers have questioned whether the increase in muscle mass is a real gain. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effect of creatine supplementation on hydration and increased lean mass in individuals previously trained and untrained, under a resistance training program. METHODS: clinical non-randomized study, consisting of three moments, M1 - start of 20g/day creatine supplementation; M2 - 7 days after the beginning of supplementation and reduction to 5g/day; M3 - 28 days of supplementation. In the proposed moments were made measurements of weight, height and evaluation of body composition (lean mass, total body water) using the BYODINAMICS (r) Model 310. For all statistical tests, we used a significance level of 95% (p<0.05). RESULTS: 14 adult male volunteers with a mean age of 22.57 (±1.45) years, including seven trained and seven untrained individuals, participated in the study. After 28 days of supplementation, the trained group had a significant increase in weight, total body water, lean body mass and hydration of lean mass, but no significant increase was observed in the untrained group. Regarding the phase angle, it increased in the untrained group and decreased in the trained group. CONCLUSION: creatine supplementation combined with resistance training is more effective in hydrating trained individuals and it's also sufficient to reduce the difference of the angle phase intergroup, thus suggesting improved cellular hydration in both groups. However, this increase in hydration revealed no significant increase in muscle tissue. .

INTRODUCCIÓN: la creatina es un recurso ergogénico cuya suplementación ha sido asociada al aumento de la hidratación corporal total y al aumento de la masa muscular de los consumidores. Entretanto, estudiosos cuestionan si el aumento de la masa muscular es un aumento real. OBJETIVO: evaluar el efecto de la suplementación de creatina sobre la hidratación y el aumento de masa magra en individuos previamente entrenados y no entrenados, sometidos a un programa de entrenamiento resistido. MÉTODOS: ensayo clínico no aleatorio, constituido por tres momentos, M1 - Inicio de la suplementación con 20g/día de creatina; M2 - 7 días después de iniciada la suplementación y reducción de la suplementación para 5g/día; M3 - 28 días de suplementación. En los momentos propuestos, fueron realizadas mediciones de peso, estatura y evaluación de la composición corporal (masa magra, agua corporal total) con el uso de BYODINAMICS(r) Modelo 310. Para todos los tests estadísticos, fue adoptado el nivel de significancia de 95% (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: participaron en este estudio 14 voluntarios adultos del sexo masculino, con edad promedio de 22,57(±1,45) años, de los que siete eran entrenados y siete no entrenados. Después de 28 días de suplementación, en el grupo entrenado se observó un aumento significativo en el peso, agua corporal total, masa magra e hidratación de la masa magra, pero ningún aumento significativo fue observado en el grupo no entrenado. En relación al ángulo de fase, aumentó en el grupo no entrenado y se redujo en el grupo entrenado. CONCLUSIÓN: la suplementación de creatina asociada al entrenamiento resistido es más efectiva en la hidratación de individuos entrenados, como también es suficiente para reducir la diferencia significativa del ángulo de fase intergrupos, sugiriendo así mayor hidratación celular en ambos grupos. Sin embargo, ese aumento en la hidratación no reveló aumento significativo en el tejido muscular. .

Oral health status and bariatric surgery / Estado de saúde oral e cirurgia bariátrica

Obesity is considered to be a chronic disease associated with early medical complications including: respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic,psychological and social changes. Over recent decades, there has been a marked increase in the incidence of obesity among the population.Obesity has significant metabolic and systemic immune and inflammatory effects. Bariatric surgery has emerged as a treatment for morbid obesity. Oral changes following bariatric surgery were determined. One man and one woman, with initial Body Mass Indexes of 53-34 and 42-26 kg/m2 respectively, were followed for two years after undergoing Fobi Capella surgery. Dietary complications (frequent vomiting), nutrient deficiencies (iron, vitamin B12, calcium, folic acid and zinc) and xerostomia, sensitivity, and periodontitis were seen in both cases. Demineralization and infiltration of fillings evolved into erosion and an endodontic lesion (case 1) and mobility with consequent tooth loss (case 2). Problems with gingival bleeding, dental caries and dental mobility are directly related to compromising the absorptive area and/or the dietary behaviour of the individual after carrying out bariatric surgery.

A obesidade é considerada uma doença crônica associada a complicações médicas precoces como: alterações respiratórias, cardiovasculares, metabólicas, psíquicas e sociais. Nas últimas décadas, a obesidade tem apresentado um aumento considerável da sua incidência na população. A obesidade apresenta efeitos metabólicos e imunológicos e inflamatórios sistêmicos significativos. A cirurgia bariátrica tem sido visto como um tratamento para obesidade mórbida. Alterações bucais após cirurgia bariátrica foram avaliados. Um homem e uma mulher, com Índices de Massa Corporal iniciais de 53-34 e 42-26 kg/m2, respectivamente, foram acompanhados por dois anos após ser submetidos à cirurgia Fobi Capella. Seqüelas alimentares (vômito freqüente), deficiências de nutrientes (ferro, vitamina B12, cálcio, ácido fólico e zinco) e xerostomia, sensibilidade, e periodontite foram observados em ambos os casos. Desmineralização e infiltração de restaurações evoluíram para erosão e uma lesão endodôntico (caso 1), e mobilidade com conseqüente perda de dentes (caso 2). Problemas com sangramento gengival, cárie e mobilidade dentária são relacionados diretamente a uma diminuição na área para absorção e/ou o comportamento alimentar do indivíduo após cirurgia bariátrica.

Relationship between acute phase proteins and serum fatty acid composition in morbidly obese patients.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is considered a low-grade inflammatory state and has been associated with increased acute phase proteins as well as changes in serum fatty acids. Few studies have assessed associations between acute phase proteins and serum fatty acids in morbidly obese patients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between acute phase proteins (C-Reactive Protein, Orosomucoid, and Albumin) and serum fatty acids in morbidly obese patients. METHODS: Twenty-two morbidly obese patients were enrolled in this study. Biochemical and clinical data were obtained before bariatric surgery, and fatty acids measured in preoperative serum. RESULTS: Orosomucoid was negatively correlated with lauric acid (P = 0.027) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (P = 0.037) and positively with arachidonic acid (AA) (P = 0.035), AA/EPA ratio (P = 0.005), and n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (P = 0.035). C-Reactive Protein (CRP) was negatively correlated with lauric acid (P = 0.048), and both CRP and CRP/Albumin ratio were negatively correlated with margaric acid (P = 0.010, P = 0.008, resp.). Albumin was positively correlated with EPA (P = 0.027) and margaric acid (P = 0.008). Other correlations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that serum fatty acids are linked to acute phase proteins in morbidly obese patients.

Fish oil decreases C-reactive protein/albumin ratio improving nutritional prognosis and plasma fatty acid profile in colorectal cancer patients.

Previous studies have shown that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 (n-3 PUFA) have several anticancer effects, especially attributed to their ability to modulate a variety of genomic and immune responses. In this context, this randomized, prospective, controlled clinical trial was conducted in order to check whether supplementation of 2 g/day of fish oil for 9 weeks alters the production of inflammatory markers, the plasma fatty acid profile and the nutritional status in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Eleven adults with CRC in chemotherapy were randomized into two groups: (a) supplemented (SG) daily with 2 g/day of encapsulated fish oil [providing 600 mg/day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] for 9 weeks (n = 6), and (b) control (CG) (n = 5). All outcomes were evaluated on the day before the first chemotherapy session and 9 weeks later. Plasma TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-10 and IL-17A, the pro/anti-inflammatory balance (ratio TNF-α/IL-10 and IL-1ß/IL10) and serum albumin, showed no significant changes between times and study groups (p > 0.05). C-reactive protein (CRP) and the CRP/albumin ratio showed opposite behavior in groups, significantly reducing their values in SG (p < 0.05). Plasma proportions of EPA and DHA increased 1.8 and 1.4 times, respectively, while the ARA reduced approximately 0.6 times with the supplementation (9 weeks vs baseline, p < 0.05). Patients from SG gained 1.2 kg (median) while the CG lost -0.5 kg (median) during the 9 weeks of chemotherapy (p = 0.72). These results demonstrate that 2 g/day of fish oil for 9 weeks of chemotherapy improves CRP values, CRP/albumin status, plasma fatty acid profile and potentially prevents weight loss during treatment.

Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on regulatory T cells in hematologic neoplasms.

The development of leukemia and lymphomas is related to the increase in inflammatory process modulators. These, in turn, have divergent actions on the neoplastic process. Populations of T cells have different roles in the neoplastic environment; while interferon-gamma positive T cells have antitumor activity, the FoxP3+interleukin-10 positive population present a pro-tumor activity. Simultaneously, the inflammatory process promotes the mobilization of fatty acids from the cell membrane to produce lipid mediators, which also participate of the inflammatory response. Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) omega-3 fatty acids, when incorporated in the plasmatic membrane, decrease the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and the production of eicosanoids derived from it. Thus, an alternative family of lipid mediators are produced that are often less inflammatory than those produced from arachidonic acid. Fatty acids can also influence the production of peptide mediators such as cytokines, and the expression of transcription factors, which can determine the production patterns of eicosanoids and cytokines as well as cell differentiation. Due to these properties, the objective of this literature review was to investigate studies published over the last 15 years on the effects of using omega-3 fatty acids on inflammatory markers in leukemia and lymphomas.

Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on regulatory T cells in hematologic neoplasms

The development of leukemia and lymphomas is related to the increase in inflammatory process modulators. These, in turn, have divergent actions on the neoplastic process. Populations of T cells have different roles in the neoplastic environment; while interferon-gamma positive T cells have antitumor activity, the FoxP3+interleukin-10 positive population present a pro-tumor activity. Simultaneously, the inflammatory process promotes the mobilization of fatty acids from the cell membrane to produce lipid mediators, which also participate of the inflammatory response. Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) omega-3 fatty acids, when incorporated in the plasmatic membrane, decrease the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and the production of eicosanoids derived from it. Thus, an alternative family of lipid mediators are produced that are often less inflammatory than those produced from arachidonic acid. Fatty acids can also influence the production of peptide mediators such as cytokines, and the expression of transcription factors, which can determine the production patterns of eicosanoids and cytokines as well as cell differentiation. Due to these properties, the objective of this literature review was to investigate studies published over the last 15 years on the effects of using omega-3 fatty acids on inflammatory markers in leukemia and lymphomas.

Fish oil supplement alters markers of inflammatory and nutritional status in colorectal cancer patients.

Inflammation is a common feature in cancer. The presence and magnitude of the chronic systemic inflammatory responses may produce progressive nutritional decline. This study aims at investigating whether there are changes in inflammation markers and/or in nutritional status of patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy who were supplemented with fish oil. The clinical trial was conducted with 23 patients randomly distributed in 2 groups. The supplemented group (SG) consumed 2 g of fish oil containing 600 milligrams of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for 9 wk. Nutritional and inflammatory markers status was available, both at a baseline (M0), and after 9 wk of chemotherapy (M9) in the SG and in the nonsupplemented group (NSG). Statistical analysis was conducted with STATA 11.0 software. SG and NSG presented the same baseline characteristics (P > 0.05). Nutritional status indicators such as body mass index and body weight were modified only in the NSG when comparing baseline and M9, P = 0.03 and P = 0.01 respectively, whereas in SG these indicators did not vary. Patients supplemented with fish oil (SG) showed a clinically relevant decrease in the C-reactive protein/albumin relation (P = 0.005). Low doses of fish oil supplement can positively modulate the nutritional status and the C-reative protein/albumin ratio.

[Probiotics and prebiotics in primary care for colon cancer]. / Probióticos e prebióticos na atenção primária ao câncer de cólon.

CONTEXT: Colon neoplasias are presently the third most common cancer type. Its treatment is still associated with high risk of complications, thus emphasizing the need to design new treatment strategies. The ingestion of probiotics and prebiotics, or the combination of both (symbiotics), represents a new therapeutic choice. In front of the importance among qualitative and quantitative balance in intestinal microbiota for human's health and with the purpose to evaluate the application of probiotics and prebiotics, this study tries to approach the importance of these in both the prevention and treatment of colon cancer. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A study was conducted on scientific databases (Medline, Lilacs, PubMed, Ovid, SciELO), and a review was made of recent scientific articles in the literature, from 2003 to 2008. Additional informations were taken from sites in the internet. RESULTS: Studies point out the inverse relation between the consumption of probiotics and prebiotics in colon cancer diagnosis through various action mechanisms, including: immune response stimulation, reduction in inflammation, for directly inhibiting the formation of tumor cells and for converting pre-carcinogenic substances into carcinogenic ones. CONCLUSION: Through this literature review, it was possible to achieve positive answers as regards the use of probiotics and prebiotics in carcinogenesis, which can be adequately recommended.