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RESUMEN La difusión del reemplazo valvular aórtico percutáneo (TAVI) en la estenosis aórtica (EAo) generó la creación de un Heart Team (HT), para elegir el mejor tratamiento. Existen pocos reportes sobre su utilidad. Objetivos: analizar los resultados del tratamiento de los pacientes con EAo evaluados por un HT durante 10 años Material y métodos: Inclusión consecutiva de todos los pacientes con EAo candidatos a TAVI entre enero del 2012 y julio del 2021 para seleccionar el mejor tratamiento, incluyendo además Cirugía de reemplazo valvular aórtico (CRVA) y Tratamiento médico conservador (TMC). Resultados: De 841 pacientes, se asignaron a TAVI 455 (53%), CRVA 213 (24%) y TMC 183 (23%). El porcentaje asignado a TAVI aumentó con el tiempo de 48 a 62% (p < 0,05). Los pacientes que fueron a TAVI, con respecto a los enviados a CRVA, eran mayores (86 ± 7 vs 83 ± 7 años), con mayor EUROSCORE II (6,2, IC95% 5,7-6,6 vs 5,6, IC95% 4,4-6,5) y más frágiles (1,62 ± 1 vs 0,91 ± 1), en todos los casos p <0,01. La sobrevida actuarial (IC 95%) a 1 y a 2 años fue, para TAVI 88% (84-91%) y 82% (77-86%), para CRVA 83% (76-88%) y 78% (70-84%) y para TMC 70% (60-87%) y 59% (48-68%) respectivamente (p <0,001). Conclusiones: Durante los primeros 10 años de establecido un Heart Team para la toma de decisiones en EAo, se asignaron a TAVI aproximadamente la mitad y el resto se asignó por mitades a cirugía u observación. La sobrevida de los pacientes intervenidos fue similar a 2 años y mayor que la de los no intervenidos.
ABSTRACT As transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for aortic stenosis (AS) became widespread, the need for a Heart Team (HT) arose to choose the best treatment. There are few reports regarding its usefulness. Objectives: To analyze treatment outcomes in patients with AS evaluated by a HT for 10 years. Methods: Consecutive enrollment of all patients with AS who were candidates for TAVI between January 2012 and July 2021 to choose the best treatment, including surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and conservative medical management (CMM). Results: Out of 841 patients, 455 were assigned to TAVI (53%), 213 to SAVR (24%), and 183 to CMM (23%). The percentage assigned to TAVI has increased from 48% to 62% over time (p <0.05). Patients who underwent TAVI versus those who underwent SAVR were older (86 ± 7 vs. 83 ± 7 years), had a higher EUROSCORE II (6.2, 95% CI 5.7-6.6 vs. 5.6; 95% CI 4.4-6.5) and were frailer (1.62 ± 1 vs. 0.91 ± 1), in all cases p <0.01. Actuarial survival (95% CI) at 1 and 2 years was 88% (84-91%) and 82% (77-86%) for TAVI, 83% (76-88%) and 78% (70-84%) for SAVR, and 70% (60-87%) and 59% (48-68%) for CMM, respectively (p <0.001). Conclusions: For the first 10 years after a Heart Team was established for AS decision-making, approximately half of the patients were assigned to TAVI, and the rest were equally assigned in halves to either surgery or observation. Survival for patients who received interventions was similar at 2 years and higher than in those who did not.
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Introducción La disfunción renal está fuertemente asociada con la insuficiencia cardíaca crónica. Es una complicación habitual y progresiva de esta condición, con una evolución clínica que fluctúa con la clase funcional y el tratamiento farmacológico. Objetivos Definir la prevalencia y el perfil clínico y funcional de pacientes con disfunción renal en el contexto de insuficiencia cardíaca con baja fracción de eyección. Material y métodos En 132 pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca y fracción de eyección < 40% se midió la depuración de creatinina. Se definió disfunción renal a una depuración de creatinina < 60 ml/ min. Se realizaron analítica sanguínea, ecocardiograma, bioimpedanciometría y caminata de 6 minutos. Resultados La prevalencia de disfunción renal fue del 43,2% (57 pacientes). Comparados con el resto, en estos pacientes hubo mayor prevalencia de sexo femenino, mayor edad y menos frecuentemente etiología coronaria. En el laboratorio tuvieron valores menores de hemoglobina, albúmina, ferritina y triyodotironina y mayor prevalencia de troponina T dosable. Fueron menores el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la tasa metabólica basal, la masa muscular y el ángulo de fase, mientras que la relación agua extracelular/agua corporal total fue mayor. La distancia recorrida en la prueba de 6 minutos fue menor. Respecto del tratamiento, sólo difirió el uso de betabloqueantes y amiodarona. En el análisis multivariado, la edad, el nivel de NT-proBNP, la presencia de troponina T positiva y la masa muscular como variable continua fueron predictores independientes de disfunción renal en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca sistólica. Conclusiones La disfunción renal es frecuente en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca con baja fracción de eyección y se vincula con características distintivas que pueden contribuir a explicar el cuadro clínico.
Background Renal dysfunction is strongly associated with chronic heart failure, and is a frequent and progressive complication of this condition, with clinical outcomes which depend on the functional class and pharmacological treatment. Objectives To define the prevalence and the clinical and functional profile of patients with renal dysfunction in the setting of heart failure with depressed ejection fraction. Material and Methods Creatinine clearance was measured in 132 patients with heart failure and an ejection fraction <40%. Renal dysfunction was defined as a creatinine clearance <60 ml/min. Patients underwent routine lab tests, echocardiogram, bioelectrical impedance analysis and 6-minute walk test. Results The prevalence of renal dysfunction was 43.2% (57 patients). Among these patients, there was a greater prevalence of women and elder subjects, yet the prevalence of coronary artery disease was low. Lab tests showed lower levels of hemoglobin, albumin, ferritin and triiodothyronine, and greater prevalence of measurable levels of troponin T. Body mass index (BMI), basal metabolic rate, muscle mass and phase angle were lower, while the ratio of extracellular water to total body water was greater in patients with renal dysfunction. The distance walked in the 6-minute test was lower. The use of beta blockers and amiodarone was the only difference in therapy. At multivariate analysis, age, NTproBNP level, the presence of positive troponin T and muscle mass as a continuous variable were independent predictors of renal dysfunction in patients with systolic heart failure. Conclusions Renal dysfunction is frequent in patients with heart failure with depressed ejection fraction and is associated with distinctive features that may contribute to explain the clinical picture.
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Distal embolization may decrease myocardial reperfusion after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Nonetheless, results of previous trials assessing the role of distal protection during primary PCI have been controversial. The Protection of Distal Embolization in High-Risk Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Trial (PREMIAR) was a prospective, randomized, controlled study designed to evaluate the role of filter-based distal protection during PCI in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction at high risk of embolic events (including only baseline Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction grade 0 to 2 flow). The primary end point was continuous monitoring of ST-segment resolution. Secondary end points included core laboratory analysis of angiographic myocardial blush, ejection fraction measured by cardiac ultrasound, and adverse cardiac events at 6 months. From a total of 194 enrolled patients, 140 subjects were randomized to PCI with or without embolic protection, and 54 were included in a registry arm due to the presence of angiographic exclusion criteria. Baseline characteristics were comparable between arms. The rate of complete ST-segment resolution (>or=70%) at 60 minutes was similar in patients treated with or without distal protection (61.2% vs 60.3%, respectively, p = 0.85). Angiographic myocardial blush (67% vs 70.7%, p = 0.73), in-hospital ejection fraction (47.4 +/- 9.9% vs 45.3 +/- 7.3%, p = 0.29), and combined end point of death, heart failure, or reinfarction at 6 months (14.3% vs 15.7%, p = 0.81) were consistently achieved in a similar proportion in the 2 groups. In conclusion, the use of filter-based distal protection is safe and effectively retrieves debris; however, such use does not translate into an improvement of myocardial reperfusion, left ventricular performance, or clinical outcomes.
