[Changes in prostate-specific antigen in casodex (bicalutamide) monotherapy in a dose 150 mg/day given to patients with locally advanced and/or advanced prostatic cancer]. / Dinamika prostatspetsificheskogo antigena pri monoterapii kasodeksom (bikalutamidom) v doze 150 mg v den' u bol'nykh mestno-rasprostranennym i (ili) rasprostranennym rakom predstatel'noi zhelezy.

Three-month treatment with casodex (150 mg/day) of untreated patients with locally advanced and/or advanced cancer of the prostate is well tolerated. The only side effect encountered in 9(60%) patients was temporary breast painfulness and swelling. Subjective effects consisted of higher activity (in 40% of patients), pain relief (in 33.3%), improved urination (in 80%). Objective effects comprise: reduction of prostate-specific antigen in 14(93.3%) patients by 150.4 ng/ml at the average; a rise in testosterone concentration in 12(80%) patients; regression of the tumor by more than 50% in 5(33.3%) patients; stabilization and partial regression of regional metastases (1 case); stabilization of distant metastases (3 of 4 cases). One patient showed progression of bone metastasizing in partial local regression of the tumor.

[Puncture cytologic diagnosis of thyroid diseases: potentialities and limitations of the method]. / Punktsionnaia tsitologicheskaia diagnostika zabolevanii shchitovidnoi zhelezy: vozmozhnosti i ogranicheniia metoda.

The role of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in cytological diagnosis of thyroid diseases is reviewed. This method allows not only to determine whether the condition is benign or malignant, but also diagnose nosological variants of thyroid pathology. The difficulties lie in the diagnosis of combined thyroid pathology, differential diagnosis of follicular adenoma with follicular carcinoma, lymphoma with autoimmune thyroiditis, follicular tumor with adenomatous goiter.

[The late results of the combined hormonal chemoradiation treatment of prostatic cancer]. / Otdalennye rezul'taty kompleksnogo gormonokhimioluchevogo lecheniia raka predstatel'noi zhelezy.

Combined treatment of 111 patients with prostatic cancer stage IV including 3 components (hormones, drugs and radiation) proved superior by survival and tolerance over hormone therapy alone. Relevant dosages and regimens are detailed.

[Potentialities of lymphography using chromethiotrast, a new x-ray contrast medium]. / Vozmozhnosti limfografii pri ispol'zovanii novogo rentgenokontrastnogo sredstva khrométiotrast.

A study was made of the potentialities of lymphography using a new radiopaque medium chromethiotrast (a solution of harmless fat-soluble anthraquinone dyes fixed with ethiotrast). The agent is intended for combined x-ray and visual investigation of the lymphatic system. Lymphograms of 76 patients (with Hodgkin's disease, prostatic cancer, cancer of the female organs, breast, bladder, rectal cancer, and secondary limb lymphedema) were analyzed. Chromethiotrast is easily administered in the lymphatic bed ensuring a good contrast density of the lymphatic vessels permitting the detection of their structure. Chromethiotrast is quickly discharged from the lymphatic system, causing no marked side-effects provided all precautions necessary for the administration of iodobutyric radiopaque media, are taken.

[Puncture biopsy with ultrasonic control in the diagnosis of space-occupying lesions of the organs of the abdominal cavity and lesser pelvis]. / Punktsionnaia biopsiia s ul'trazvukovym kontrolem v diagnostike ob''emnykh obrazovanii organov briushnoi polosti i malogo taza.

Fine-needle puncture aspiration biopsy was performed in 182 patients with various visceral tumors. The results were negative in 4 (2.2%) cases only. The malignant nature of tumor was established in 140 cases whereas benign--in 38. The histogenetic type of tumor was reliably established in 75% of patients. In 25% of cases, biopsy revealed a malignancy but failed to identify its origin.

[The prognostic significance of cytological data in the radiation therapy of cervix cancer]. / Prognosticheskoe znachenie tsitologicheskikh dannykh pri luchevoi terapii raka sheiki matki.

Cytological investigation sometimes makes it possible to establish tumor progression or recurrence even before the appearance of the first clinical symptoms. An increase in the expression of radiation changes with further absence of tumor elements during a follow-up should be regarded as a prognostically favorable factor of the effectiveness of radiation therapy.

[Morphological diagnosis of abdominal cavity tumors using fine-needle aspiration biopsy controlled by ultrasound]. / Morfologicheskaia diagnostika opukholei briushnoi polosti s pomoshch'iu tonkoigol'noi aspiratsionnoi biopsii pod kontrolem ul'trazvuka.

Thin needle biopsy under ultrasound control was carried out in 142 patients. Cytologic evaluation (142 samples) was supplemented by histologic study in 111 cases. Morphologic assessment of the biopsy specimens proved sufficient for an adequate diagnosis in 93.6% of cases, represents an objective method of verification of ultrasound findings in primary and metastatic tumors of the peritoneum providing evidence for their tissue origin and histologic form.

[Lymphography in cancer of the prostate]. / Limfografiia pri rake predstatel'noi zhelezy.

The frequency and area of lymphogenic metastasis with relation to the histological structure, differentiation and degree of local dissemination of a primary tumor were determined at lymphography of 114 patients with prostatic cancer. Lymph node involvement was often observed in poorly differentiated and solid trabecular adenocarcinoma, scirrhous cancer and locally disseminated tumors extending beyond the prostatic capsule. Metastases were usually located in the external and common inguinal lymph nodes. Lymphography was shown to be indicated to patients with a local spread of prostatic cancer (T2, T3 and T4).

[Results of gamma teletherapy of prostate cancer patients]. / Rezul'taty distantsionnoi gamma-terapii bol'nykh rakom predstatel'noi zhelezy.

The paper is concerned with the results of clinical examination of 44 patients with prostatic cancer and their distribution according to disease stages. The authors provide morphological evaluation of the data (cytological and histological confirmation of the diagnosis). In the data analysed most of the patients had T3 and T4-34 (77.3%), i. e. patients with poorly differentiated tumor forms. All the patients were given a radical course of gamma-beam therapy of the prostate, 19 of them took estrogens prior to irradiation. Moving gamma-beam therapy of prostatic cancer is well tolerated by patients. It can be used in any stage of disease and in the progression of disease as well. Radiation reactions in the form of epitheliitis of various degree in the inguinal region were noted in 15% of the cases at a dosage of 32-44 Gy. Short-term results of the treatment were good: subjective signs of improvement were observed in 99.7% of the patients, objective signs of a positive therapeutic effect in 21 (48.1%). The 3-year survival rates were 44.3% for patients after a radical course of radiotherapy and 32.6% in radiotherapy for patients with tumor progression.

[Classification of lymphogranulomatosis]. / O klassifikatsii limfogramulematoza

Histological and cytological studies of preparations of peripheral lymphatic nodes in 1081 patients before treatment were carried out. In 76 patients there were also investigated morphological changes in the spleen, mesenteric lymphatic nodes and parts of the liver obtained in laparotomy. Basing on the analysis of the literature and their own findings, the authors think it reasonable to single out the following 8 histological variants of untreated lymphogranulomatosis: focal lesion; a group of variants with nodular sclerosis, with various cellular composition--lymphocytic predominance, mixed cellularity, predominance of lacunar cells; a group of variants without sclerosis consisting of lymphoid predominance and mixed cellular variant; a group of lymphatic depletion combining the reticular variant and diffuse fibrosis. The variants indicated above may be both independent and transitional stages.

[Lymphographic semeiotics of inflammatory and dystrophic lesions of the lymph nodes in the light of morphological data]. / Limfograficheskaia semiotika vospalitel'nykh i distroficheskikh porazhenii limfaticheskikh uzlov v svete morfologicheskikh dannykh

The authors report clinica, roentgeno-lymphographic and morphological findings in 164 patients whom lymph nodes showed various changes of non-tumor origin, 584 lymph nodes being studied by aimed lymphographic and morphological correlations. The changes observed were subdivided into 2 groups: diffuse and focal. Diffuse inflammatory and reactive changes, and multiple micrometastases as well, are manifested by an analogous lymphographic picture. In focal hyperplasia a lymph node is somewhat increased in size, it shows smooth and distinct contours, defects of filling and absorption.