RESUMO
Emergency imaging of the scrotum is part of routine medical practice. Indications include epididymitis/epididymo-orchitis, testicular torsion, trauma, tumors and infarction. Prompt diagnosis and management are needed to ensure optimal patient outcome. Ultrasound (US) is the initial, and often the only, imaging modality for testicular pathologies. Usually, B-mode and color Doppler US are adequate. In challenging cases, contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) facilitates final diagnosis or increases the examiner's confidence by confirming findings on non-enhanced US. This paper elaborates on the examination technique of CEUS for testicular pathologies, thereby showing its added value over baseline US techniques in the emergency setting.
Assuntos
Epididimite , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos , Orquite , Torção do Cordão Espermático , Masculino , Humanos , Escroto/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença Aguda , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/diagnóstico por imagem , Torção do Cordão Espermático/diagnóstico por imagem , Epididimite/diagnóstico por imagem , Orquite/diagnósticoRESUMO
The gallbladder and bile ducts are usually assessed initially with conventional gray-scale ultrasound (US). Contrast enhanced US (CEUS) is used when a diagnosis cannot be reached with conventional US. CEUS is easy to learn and perform. US contrast agents can be safely administered in patients with renal function impairment. In this pictorial essay the physics, examination technique and indications of CEUS for examining the gallbladder and bile ducts are reviewed. Gallbladder indications include elucidating normal variants, differentiating sludge from neoplastic lesions, benign and malignant pathology, infection, wall rupture and hemobilia. In the biliary tree CEUS is used for studying benign and malignant tumors, including metastases and cholangiocarcinoma, as well as intrabiliary injection.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Ductos Biliares/diagnóstico por imagem , Ductos Biliares/anatomia & histologia , Meios de Contraste , Doenças da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico por imagem , Vesícula Biliar/anatomia & histologia , Ultrassonografia/métodos , HumanosRESUMO
Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the esophagus is a rare disease. A case of primary isolated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the esophagus in a 77-year-old man without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is presented. We describe the clinical features and the imaging findings (barium swallow, endoscopic ultrasonography and CT) of a biopsy proven B-cell lymphoma with diffuse transmural involvement of the esophagus wall, which was discovered incidentally. We also briefly review the literature.
