[Comparative morphological assessment of the damaging effects of cold plasma and radio wave energy on the mucous membrane of the lip in the experiment]. / Sravnitel'naya morfologicheskaya otsenka povrezhdayushchego vozdeistviya kholodnoplazmennoi i radiovolnovoi energii na slizistuyu obolochku guby v eksperimente.

The aim of this study was a comparative morphological assessment of changes in the mucous membrane of the lip in the field of radio wave and cold plasma exposure in the experiment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experimental animals removed a portion of the mucous membrane of the inner surface of the lip with a Surgitron radio knife (group 1) and an electrode of the Coblator II cold plasma apparatus (observation group 2). Tissue was taken from the edge of the surgical wound as a trapezoidal flap containing mucous and submucous membranes immediately after the incision and 3 weeks after the surgery. Histological sections were prepared, which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as according to van Gieson. RESULTS: It was found that, both in cases of using a radio knife and a coblator along the edges and in the depth of the wound, coagulation tissue necrosis was observed, which was more evident in group 1 of observations. In addition, after the radio wave exposure, in the areas close to the defect, the epithelial lining was disrupted to one degree or another, which was not observed when using the coblator. After 3 weeks of the experiment, the stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium in both groups had a normal histological structure. At the same time, when using the coblator, the lamina propria of the mucous membrane was completely restored, and in cases with the use of a radio knife, sclerotic processes with the formation of scar tissue took place in the lamina propria of the mucous membrane in some areas. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a coblator should be recognized as a more gentle method, since a comparative analysis of histological changes immediately after the incision showed a more intense damaging effect of the radio knife on the surrounding tissues, which in later stages was accompanied by incomplete regeneration (substitution) of the lip mucosa.

[Rationale of pharmacotherapy duration in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (a clinical-morphological study)].

AIM: To investigate the nature of morphological alterations in the urinary bladder wall in BPH patients receiving pharmacotherapy to establish treatment time limits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised 120 BPH patients who underwent a transvesical adenomectomy. Prior to the surgery, 110 patients received pharmacotherapy (-blockers and 5-reductase inhibitors) lasting from 1-6 months to 5-10 years. Preoperative evaluation included a standard diagnostic algorithm. During the surgery, the urinary bladder wall specimens were taken for morphological examination. Histologic specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and according to van Giesonn, and underwent immunohistochemical examination using desmin, vimentin, CD31, type IV collagen and pancitokeratin monoclonal antibodies. In patients who did not take medications or used them for less than 6 months, the bladder preserved the normal histological structure. Pharmacotherapy lasting 1 to 5 years resulted in microcirculatory alterations characterized by extensive hemorrhages, damage to the endothelium and vessel basal membranes, hypertrophy of the bladder muscle membrane. In patients taking the medications for 6 to 10 years, microcirculatory alterations resulted in the vascular wall sclerosis and thickening, narrowing of the vessel lumen, hypoplasia of the transitional epithelium and muscle layer atrophy. RESULTS: The study findings suggest that prolonged (over 1 year) pharmacotherapy can adversely affect the urinary bladder wall and worsen the results of radical adenomectomy.

[The comparative immunohistochemical characteristic of the pharyngeal tonsil under conditions of different environmental impacts]. / Sravnitel'naia immunogistokhimicheskaia kharakteristika glotochnoĭ mindaliny pri raznoĭ stepeni ékologicheskoĭ nagruzki.

The objective of the present work was the comparative comprehensive immunohistochemical study of thepharyngeal tonsillar tissues taken from the children living in the regions of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) differing in the degree of pollution of the atmospheric air. A total of 100 samples of hyperplastic adenoid vegetation tissuesdivided into three groups were available for the examination. Group 1 included pharyngeal tonsillar tissues obtained from the children (n=20) living in the regions of RT with the low level of atmospheric pollution. Groups 2 and 3 were composed of tissue samples from 48 and 32 children respectively living in the regions of TR with the moderate and high levels of environmental pollution. The analysis of the results obtained in this study demonstrated that the morphological changes in the hyperplastic pharyngeal tonsillar tissues depend on the strength of the environmental impacts. The lymphoid tissue was shown to respond to the effect of the ecopathological factors in the form of both non-specific stromal-vascular reactions and specific immunomorphological reactions. The former are apparent as microcirculatory disorders followed by sclerosis and the latter as the reduced intensity of the local immune response associated with inactivation of its T- and B-cellular components mediated through the changes in the monocytic-macrophagal system.

[Experimental base for internal connection dental implants for two-step implantation].

The article contains selected results of comprehensive studies on osseointegration of small diameter internal connection dental implants made of nanostructured titanium. Fatigue tests were carried out by means of new osseointegrated metal etching method.

[Specific immunological and morphological features of chronic rhinitis].

Samples of mucosal tissue from inferior nasal conchae for histological and immunological studies were collected during surgical intervention on 25 non-allergic patients with different clinical and morphological forms of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. It was shown that the pathological process extends over all structures of conchal mucosa, namely, epithelium, lamina propria, and cavernous sinuses. However, proliferative activity of the epithelium may be spared, the structure of vascular endothelium, basement membranes of epithelium, glands and blood vessels remains either normal or only slightly affected, IgA synthesis persists, and immunocompetent cells (CD45 RO(+) T-lymphocytes, CD20(+) B-lymphocytes, and CD68(+) macrophages) retain functional activity. Taken together, these findings suggest high regenerative potential of nasal mucosa and preservation of mechanisms of local protection including cellular and humoral immunity despite the on-going pathological process. It implies the necessity of great caution during surgical interventions.

[Experimental morphological substantiation of the surgical treatment of paranasal sinuses].

This experimental morphological study conducted on the rabbit model has demonstrated that the use of a modified trocar with "buried facets" for maxillary microsinusotomy allowed surgical trauma to be substantially reduced compared with the traditional approach. With the new instrument, the volume of hemorrhage was lower and the inflammatory reaction weaker while large necrotic zones with leukocytic infiltration were virtually absent. As a result, reparative processes developed faster and healing took less time. No complications could be documents (e.g. nonclosure of the defect, formation of cartilaginous tissue instead of bone, and/or transition of acute inflammation into a chronic process).

[Comparative immunohistochemical study of invasive duct carcinoma and Paget's disease of the breast with c-erbB-2 overexpression].

Overexpression of c-erbB2 oncogen is observed in 90-100% of cases of Paget's cancer. In all cases, the overexpression is caused by gene amplification. The authors carried out an immun ohistochemrical study of c-erbB2 (HER2/neu)-positive breast tumors: Paget's cancer (and hence with gene amplification) and breast invasive duct cancer without gene amplification. Moreover, the authors identified a case of c-erbB2-negative Paget's cancer, the phenotype of which was compared with the phenotypes of two earlier groups of tumors. The findings suggest that only formation of c-erbB2 heterodimers that cannot cause an increase in proliferation on their own is observed in the study groups of tumors.

[Immunomorphological features of chronic cystic sinusitis]. / Immunomorfologicheskie osobennosti khronicheskogo kistoznogo sinusita.

Morphogenesis of cystic lesions of the paranasal sinuses is described. Immunohistochemical studies were conducted using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. A comparative analysis of the immunohistochemical parameters of the cystic lesions suggested the presence of chronic inflammation with immune component in the wall of false cysts.

[Comparative study of the effect of dimephosphon monophosphonate and xydiphone biphosphonate on the histomorphometric indices of rat vertebra in a model of glucocorticosteroid osteoporosis]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie vliianiia monofosfonata dimefosfona i bifosfonata ksidifona na gistomorfometricheskie pokazateli stroeniia pozvonkov krys pri modelirovanii gliukokortikosteroidnogo osteoporoza.

The efficacy of monophosphonate dimephosphon and diphosphonate xydiphon was compared by experiments in rats with an osteoporosis model induced by the chronic administration of prednisolone. The glucocorticosteroid decreased the total density of trabecules (in both bone and cartilage tissues) in histological micropreparations of lumbar vertebrae and reduced the total bone cell count and the calcium content in the bone tissue. Dimephosphon, administered on the prednisolone background over the same period of time, normalized the total relative density of trabecules (by increasing the cartilage content), the total bone cell count, and the calcium content. Under the same conditions, xydiphone normalized the total relative density of trabecules (by increasing the bone content), but did not influence the prednisolone-decreased content of cartilage, total cell count, and calcium content in the vertebrae. Thus, the test results reveal a significant advantage of dimephosphon over xydiphone.

[Hyperplastic follicular response of the regional lymph nodes in cancer (immunohistochemistry, ultrastructure, prognostic importance)]. / Giperplasticheskaia follikuliarnaia reaktsiia regionarnykh limfaticheskikh uzlov pri rake (immunogistokhimiia, ul'trastruktura, prognosticheskoe znachenie).

194 regional lymph nodes surgically removed because of cancer at various sites from 60 cancer patients are studied immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. Monoclonal antibodies (MCAB) against antigens CD 1, CD 2, CD 3, CD 4, CD 8, CD 10, CD 19, CD 20, CD 30, CD 45, CD 56, BLA-36 were used for differentiating lymphoid cells. MCAB against alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, lysozyme, S100 protein, desmin, pan-cytokeratin, vimentin, laminin, collagen type IV, factor VIII; CD 35 were used as markers of non-lymphoid cells. Immunohistochemical classification of the hyperplastic follicular reaction is proposed: 1) typical B-cell follicle; 2) B-cell follicle with high content of T- and NK-cells; a) with domination of helper-inducer subpopulation, b) with domination of killer-suppressor sub-population; III) T-cell follicle; IV) non-lymphoid cell follicle. It was established that type I and IV follicular reaction correlates with a low 5-year survival, while type IIb and III. hyperplasia correlates with a favourable prognosis.

[Cancer and the regional lymph nodes (immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies)]. / Rak i regionarnykh limfaticheskie uzly (immunogistokhimicheskoe i ul'trastrukturnoe issledovanie).

153 regional lymph nodes obtained during surgical operations because of cancer of various cites from 50 cancer patients were studied. Failure of local immunity is explained by the following factors: 1) depletion of T-cell population with a decrease of activated lymphocyte-killers; 2) high activity of B-cell population able to block T-cell cytotoxic effect; 3) deficiency of T-suppressors and T-helpers; 4) a decrease of macrophages-monocytes of phagocytic capacity; 5) high activity of dendritic reticular cells stimulating transformation of B-lymphocytes and low activity of interdigitating reticulocytes determining T-cell immunity stimulation.

[The thromboplastic activity of normal and tumorous human tissues]. / Tromboplasticheskaia aktivnost' normal'nykh i opukholevykh tkanei cheloveka.

The study was made of thromboplastic activity of normal, pathological and tumor human tissues using a hemocoagulatory test-system specifically sensitive to apoprotein III-containing membrane structures. It is established that thromboplastic activity of membrane fragments can be inhibited by native cell components. Blood coagulation and fibrin deposition in tissues can go without cell damaging under initiation by increased permeability of vascular walls and plasma contact with surface of the cells located extravascularly.

[Effects of the respiratory epithelium on the tracheal smooth muscle in guinea pigs]. / Vliianie respiratornogo épiteliia na gladkie myshtsy trakhei morskikh svinok.

We studied the influence of respiratory epithelium on tracheal smooth muscle tone of guinea pigs. Mechanical removal of the epithelium induced an increase of the contractile response to histamine. In preparation of smooth muscle previously contracted by histamine, isoproterenol induced dose--dependent relaxation, the level of which was significantly greater in tracheal smooth muscle with epithelium than without it. These results suggest an important role of respiratory epithelium on the contractile activity of smooth muscle.

[The histological evaluation of the effect of Bacillus intermedius RNAse on the organs of immunogenesis in laboratory animals]. / Gistologicheskaia otsenka vliianiia RNKazy Bacillus intermedius na organy immunogeneza laboratornykh zhivotnykh.

Histological changes in organs of immunogenesis of experimental animals after RNAse Bacillus intermedius treatment have been studied. The effect of RNAse on organs is revealed in activation of both cell and humoral immunity and factors of nonspecific resistance at early stage of reaction. The inhibition of immunological reactions and factors of nonspecific resistance takes place at later stages of enzyme action. The caused effects don't depend on catalytic enzyme activity.

[The role of microcirculatory factors in cancer metastasis]. / Rol' mikrotsirkuliatornykh faktorov v metastazirovanii raka.

Morphologic, histochemical, biochemical and morphometric procedures were employed for examination of resected regional lymph nodes obtained from 70 patients suffering various malignancies. The important role of blood microcirculation bed alterations in cancer dissemination was established, the said disorders being as follows: decreased functional activity of the vascular wall and its increased permeability matched by intravascular blood coagulation and extravascular deposition of large amounts of fibrin in the lymph node tissue. Those changes were largely determined by lymph node mast cell reaction and levels of histamine and serotonin in the lymph node tissue. They preceded lymph node involvement.