[Ontogenetic principles of accelerated aging and the prospects for its prevention and treatment.]

This article examines the phenomenon of «intrauterine programming¼, which largely determines the further life cycle and the likelihood of developing a number of age-associated pathological processes. The possibility of the formation of pathological (accelerated) aging at various stages of ontogenesis is discussed with the use of large literary material from the standpoint of modern science. The reasons, mechanisms and phenotypic manifestations of accelerated aging and the possibilities of the earliest one, its diagnosis starting from the perinatal period, and prediction of age-associated pathologies are discussed in close interrelation.

Risk factors of cerebral ischemia in infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes.

OBJECTIVES: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance that occurs during pregnancy. The present study was arranged to determine the risk of cerebral ischemia (CI) in infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus and MTHFR gene polymorphism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study includes 70 pregnant women with GDM, divided into two groups depending on existence of cerebral ischemia (CI) in newborn infants. All patients were tested for coagulation cascade components, polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and assessed by thromboelastography (TEG). RESULTS: We observed that there was an increased frequency (74.2%) of 1298С MTHFR genotype carriers among women with CI newborns. The state of hypercoagulation according to both coagulation cascade tests and TEG data was diagnosed in women of this group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that hyperglycemia may program the development of cerebral ischemia in infants born to women with 1298С MTHFR gene polymorphism.

The molecular and genetic aspects of adolescent girls anomalous uterine bleeding: the role of endothelial dysfunction syndrome.

The objective of the study is to assess NOS3 and ESR1 gene polymorphism in adolescent girls born with low birth weight (LBW) and suffered by anomalous uterine bleeding (AUB). A total 95 adolescent girls were studied including 32 born with LBW and AUB; 36 girls with normal birth weight and AUB; and 27 healthy girls. Single allele gene polymorphism NOS3 786T > C, 894G > T, ESR1 351A > G and 397T > C was studied. The existence of polymorphous allele С gene NOS3 786Т > С (for homozygote OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.12-3.68; p = 0.04; for heterozygote OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.09-2.60; p = 0.046) and genotype Pvull-CC ESR1 (OR = 4.58; 95% CI: 0.97-21.68; p = 0.04) was detected in LBW girls with AUB. It was suggested that intrauterine programming of endothelial dysfunction syndrome could play a significant role in the development of AUB in adolescent girls born with LBW.

Maternal and newborn infants amino acid concentrations in obese women born themselves with normal and small for gestational age birth weight.

This study was undertaken to compare amino acid concentrations in maternal and newborn infants' serum in normal pregnancy and two groups of obese women who were born themselves with normal and small for gestational age (SGA) birth weight. Maternal cholesterol, lipoproteins concentrations and maternal and infants amino acid concentrations were evaluated at the time of delivery in 28 normal pregnancies, 46 obese pregnant women with normal birth weight (Ob-AGA group) and 44 obese pregnant women born themselves SGA (Ob-SGA group). Mean birth weight of newborn infants in Ob-SGA group was significantly less than in normal and Ob-AGA groups. Cholesterol and lipoproteins were significantly elevated in obese women (more prominent in Ob-SGA group). Most amino acid concentrations and fetal-maternal amino acid gradients were significantly lower in Ob-SGA group. These data suggest significant changes in placental amino acid transport/synthetic function in obese women who were born themselves SGA.

Effect of physiological heart rate changes on left ventricular dimensions and mitral blood flow velocities in the normal fetus.

M-mode echo recordings of the left ventricle (LV) and inflow LV Doppler velocimetry were performed in nine normal fetuses at a gestational age of 36-39 weeks. In each fetus approximately 80 consecutive cardiac cycles were digitized. The duration of each cardiac cycle (T) and the corresponding end-diastolic (EDD), end-systolic (ESD) dimensions of LV or the peak velocity of early (E) and late atrial (A) mitral flow parameters was calculated. The role of sonographic parameters on current (Tn) and preceding (Tn-1) cardiac cycles was assessed using linear regression. Significant dependency of ventricular EDD and transmitral A peak velocity upon Tn was demonstrated. We speculate that atrial systole has an important role to play in the beat-to-beat regulation of fetal stroke volume.

[Early hypoxic contracture of the myocardium in adult and newborn rats]. / Ranniaia gipoksicheskaia kontraktura v miokarde vzroslykh i novorozhdennykh krys.

The effect of 30 min substrate free hypoxia (H) on isometric tension was studied in isolated myocardium (M) of adult (A) and newborn (N) rats. The perfusion with 50% Na+ H solution caused in AM the development of H contracture which was more than 50% higher than control contracture. H perfusion with 0.1 mM Ca2+, 1.0 mM La3+, and 10.0 mM of caffeine provides the discrimination of control and hypoNa+ contractures. It is assumed that early H contracture in AM is a result of inability of Ca-sequestering system to accumulate intracellular Ca2+ and Ca2+ influxing through the sarcolemma. In myocardium of N rats Na-Ca exchange is proposed as a main source of Ca2+ for H contracture development.