Magnitude and Determinant Factors of Pediatrics Seizures in Pediatrics Emergency Unit at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020: A Retrospective and Descriptive Study.

Background: One of the most prevalent medical problems affecting kids is epilepsy, which is the most prevalent chronic neurological condition in kids in both developed and developing nations. The spectrum of diseases that make up childhood epilepsy syndromes ranges from mild to potentially fatal. Children may experience seizures due to a variety of illnesses, such as infection, severe brain injury, and anatomical deformity. It is the foremost visit calculates in neurological and cognitive impedance in children in low-income countries as well as the foremost common reason for pediatric clinic confirmations in children from destitute countries. All things considered, constrained things have been conducted in Ethiopia. Hence, this ponder points to survey the size and related variables of pediatric seizures among children conceded to Tikur Anbessa pediatric emergency. Methods: By looking through 256 patient charts, an institution-based retrospective cross-sectional analysis was done. Data collection utilized a systematic checklist that had been evaluated beforehand. The EpiData version 4.4.2.2 was used to enter the data, which was then exported for analysis to the SPSS version 25. Binary logistic regression and descriptive statistics were employed. Variables from the bivariate analysis that had a p-value of less than 0.25 were carried over to multivariate analysis. The strength and existence of the link were assessed using adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value of 0.05, respectively. Result: Patients' ages ranged from 3.7 to 2.8 years on average. 4.5% of patients had seizures, and 155 of them (60.5%) were men, with a male-to-female ratio of (1.5 : 1). Males and females experienced seizures on average at 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.5) and 2 (95% CI: 1.6, 2.5) years old, respectively. AOR: 2.68 (95% CI: 1.192, 6.68, p = 0.02) and AOR: 2.8 (95% CI: 2.576, 5.302, p = 0.04) both demonstrated statistically significant correlations with pediatric seizure. Conclusion: A vast number of children experienced convulsions, with generalized seizures being the most prevalent form. The chances of a child having a seizure were linked to their family history and where they were born. Therefore, health workers and other people who are involved in healthcare need to work harder on the factors that they have already identified.

Knowledge and Practice about Glasgow Coma Scale Assessment among Nurses Working in Adult Intensive Care Units of Federal Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The Glasgow Coma Scale is a dependable and objective neurological assessment instrument used for determining and recording a patient's level of consciousness. Therefore, the knowledge, practice, and factors affecting Glasgow coma scale evaluation among nurses working in adult intensive care units of federally administered hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, were investigated. Methods: From April 4 to 24, 2020, 121 Adult Intensive Care Unit nurses at Ethiopian federal hospitals participated in an institutional-based cross-sectional survey with a standardized self-administered questionnaire. The information was entered into Epidata version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the relationships between independent and dependent variables. Result: According to this study, nurses working in the Adult Intensive Care Unit of federal hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, had poor knowledge (51.2%) and poor practice (62%) of the Glasgow Coma Scale's basic theoretical notions and competencies. Furthermore, the education and gender of nurses were linked to their level of knowledge and clinical practice. Being a male and having a master's degree were both significantly linked with knowledge(AOR = 4.13, 95% CI: (1.87-9.1)), (AOR=7.4, 95% CI: (1.4-38)) and practice (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: (1.2-6)), (AOR = 10.4, 95% CI: (2.0-53)) respectively. Conclusion: The findings from this study showed that nurses had poor knowledge and application of practice-related clinical scenarios on the Glasgow Coma Scale.

Nurses' Knowledge, Practice, and Associated Factors with Enteral Nutrition in Adult Intensive Care Units of Public Hospitals.

Background: In critically ill patients, enteral nutrition is recommended as a route for nutrient delivery. Nurses' knowledge and practice of enteral nutrition influence patients' clinical outcomes. Therefore, this study sought to assess nurses' knowledge, practice, and associated factors regarding enteral nutrition in adult intensive care unit patients in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 196 nurses working in public hospitals in Addis Ababa from April 11 to April 30, 2020. The data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and analyzed with SPSS version 21. The correlation between independent variables and dependent variables was estimated using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression at a 95% confidence level. Results: The level of inadequate knowledge and poor practice of nurses relating to enteral nutrition was 67.7% and 53.8%, respectively. Bachelor's degree holders were less likely to be knowledgeable (AOR= 0.24, 95% CI: (0.61, 0.93)). Nurses' practice about enteral nutrition was significantly associated with nurses' age (AOR = 0.023, 95 % CI: (0.001,0.52), nurses receiving training on enteral nutrition (AOR = 1.951, 95 % CI: (0.06, 0.60)), and nurses from ICUs having a guideline and protocol on enteral feeding practice (AOR = 3.401, 95 % CI: (1.186, 9.789). Conclusions: In the study, it was revealed that a substantial proportion of nurses had inadequate knowledge of enteral nutrition and practiced poor enteral nutrition.

Assessment of Knowledge, Practice, and Associated Factors Towards Airway and Breathing Management Among Nurses Working in the Emergency Departments of Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: As airway issues or respiratory failures are the leading causes of death in the first hours after an injury, nurses' understanding and practice of fundamental airway and breathing therapies remain "cornerstones" of competent emergency care. As a result, the goal of this study was to evaluate nurses' airway and breathing management knowledge, practice, and associated factors in the emergency departments of selected governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: During the study period of April 12 to April 30, 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with a thorough enumeration of all respondents using the census method. The data were collected from the respondents using a self-administered and structured questionnaire. Data quality was ensured by pre-testing the tools and giving data collectors training. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 25 program. The researchers used mean, frequency, bivariable, and multiple logistic regression analyses. Only P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 102 people took part in this study, with a 96.2% response rate. Females made up slightly more than half of the respondents 52.9%, and their ages ranged from 24 to 48 years old, with a mean age of 29.50 (SD ± 4.96). Only 45.1% of those polled were well versed in the emergency airway and breathing management. About 90.2% of the respondents had a BSc degree. At p< 0.05, having previously received airway and breathing management training was statistically correlated with knowledge. Conclusion: Although many of the practice problems were correctly answered, the respondents in this study had insufficient knowledge of airway and breathing management. As a result, it is critical to give nursing training because it is strongly linked to the knowledge and practice of nurses.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Mechanically Ventilated Pediatric Patients in A Tertiary Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Cross Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: A few studies are available from Africa on the use of mechanical ventilation (MV) in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Knowledge of the outcome of patients on MV is critical for better use of resources. We aimed to assess the characteristics and outcomes of mechanically ventilated pediatric patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done from September 2016 to February 2018. Data were reviewed from the patients' medical records. SPSS version 21 software was used for data entry and analysis. RESULTS: There were 536 patients admitted to PICU; out of these, 202 (41.2%) were on MV. Sixty-three-point six percent of the participants were males and 130 (59.1%) died. The most common indications for the initiation of MV were respiratory problems 46 (20.9%) and 30.59/1000 ventilator days developed complications. Ventilator-associated pneumonia accounted for 18.6% of the complications with 20.9/1000 ventilator days. Survival of medical cases was better than the surgical cases (including trauma); [AOR= 0.13, 95% CI (0.04-0.41)] and those who have MV for more than 3 days are 79% more likely to die (p=0.003). Those who have multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) [AOR= 0.181, 95% CI (0.08, 0.412)] and high PIM II severity score [AOR= 35, 95% CI (1.7,11)] had higher mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: higher PIM II score, MODS, length of stay, and being a surgical patient increased the risk of mortality. Early resuscitation and thorough follow up of these ventilated patients are necessary.