A new species of Petroleuciscus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Büyük Menderes River, southwestern Anatolia, Turkey.

Petroleuciscus ninae sp. nov. is described from the Büyük Menderes River drainage. The new species is distinguished by having a black lateral stripe from head to base of caudal fin, stripe distinct anteriorly and posteriorly, wider than eye diameter; numerous black pigments on anal-fin rays; body depth at dorsal-fin origin 27-30% standard length (LS ); head width at posterior margin of eye 16-19% LS ; and eye diameter smaller than snout length. Petroleuciscus ninae is also distinguished from other species in adjacent waters by having six fixed diagnostic nucleotide substitutions in the mitochondrial DNA coI barcode region.

Intensive polyoma virus nephropathy treatment as a preferable approach for graft surveillance.

BACKGROUND: Polyoma BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) is one of the important causes of graft failure and loss among renal transplant patients. Reduction of immunosuppression is the most important preferred treatment approach; however, there is no agreed protocol for additional treatments. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the effects on graft survival of intensive treatment protocols for BKVN among renal transplant patients. METHODS: 214 patients were included in the study. All patients underwent investigation for the presence of BKV in plasma samples every 3 months starting from the third month after transplantation. Biopsies were obtained upon detection of graft dysfunction or viremia. If BKVN was positive, viremia was investigated monthly. RESULTS: Plasma plus biopsy-proven BKVN were detected in 19 patients (8.9%), whose mean age was 45.8 ± 12.0 years; 68.4% (n = 13) were male and 94.7% (n = 18) were recipients of a living-donor kidney. There were 5.2% (n = 1) diabetic subjects, and the mean time prior to dialysis was 39.6 ± 44.8 (3-125) months. BKVN was observed at a mean of 6.8 ± 2.9 (4-14) months after the transplantation. It positively correlated with the baseline serum creatinine level (r = 0.159; P = .02), application and cumulative dose of antithymocyte globulin (r = 0.177; r = 0.165; respectively; P = .01), mean tacrolimus dose (r = 0.303; P < .001), and hepatitis B virus positivity (r = 0.169; P = .01). Immunosuppression was decreased in all patients who developed BKVN. In addition, leflunomide was applied in 68%, intravenous immunoglobulin in 74%, and cidofovir in 32% of patients. Acute rejection rates did not increase significantly after lowering immunosuppression (P > .05). CONCLUSION: BKVN is one of the important problems in renal transplant patients. Intensive treatment of BKVN with heterogeneous regimens, including combined treatment with leflunamide + IVIG together with immunosuppressive dose reduction, was an effective approach to prolong graft survival.

Mesothelial pelvic lymph node inclusion in a patient with ovarian microinvasive borderline mucinous tumor: case report with review of the literature.

The presence of mesothelial cell inclusions in lymph nodes is rare. Localization of these inclusions in abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes is an exceedingly rare event, with only eight cases reported. We report here a case of mesothelial cell inclusions in pelvic lymph node of a patient with ovarian microinvasive borderline mucinous tumor. This case differs from the previously reported cases for the following reasons. First, there was no evidence of serosal effusion. Second, it is the first reported case of nodal mesothelial inclusions in a patient with ovarian microinvasive mucinous borderline tumor. Last, histologically, mesothelial cell inclusions were accompanied by psammoma bodies. The potential problem of misdiagnosis as a metastatic tumor can be avoided by an awareness of these inclusions, supported by immunohistochemical results.

Distinguishing hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype D from non-D by a simple PCR.

Different HBV genotypes have characteristic geographical distribution, which is important epidemiologically. HBV strains have been classified into eight different genotypes (A-H) on the basis of >8% differences in the entire genomic sequence. Genotypes A and D are predominant in Europe, Africa, and the USA, genotypes B and C are restricted to East Asia, genotype E is found in Africa, and genotype F is found in indigenous populations in Central and South America. Genotype D is prevalent in the Turkish population. HBV genotype D shows a 33-bp deletion in the pre-S1 region that accounts for their smaller genomic size (3182 bp). This deletion can be used to facilitate the identification of genotype D. A primer in the pre-S1 region was designed to discriminate genotype D from non-D by PCR. Sixty genotype D (40 acute and 20 chronic) and 4 genotype A sera identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were included in the study. Using this simple PCR method, all genotype D sera were identified correctly and the test was able to detect HBV DNA at 1000 genomes per ml. An advantage of this method is that it can differentiate in a mixture of genotypes (genotype D from non-D) provided that one isn't present below 1 x 10(4) copies/ml. In conclusion this method is rapid (approximately 5h) and it will contribute to the epidemiological study of HBV in high prevalence areas of genotype D. It can also differentiate between genotype D from non-D in cases of co-infection.