Protective effects of hesperidin in experimental testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to determine the protective effects of hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid, in a model of testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-two pubertal male Wistar-Albino rats were divided into six groups: group 1 - control; group 2 - 50 mg/kg hesperidin (low dose hesperidin) used without torsion (LH group); group 3 - 100 mg/kg hesperidin without torsion (HH group); group 4 - torsion/detorsion group (T/D); group 5 - T/D + 50 mg/kg hesperidin treatment group (T/D + LH); and group 6 - T/D + 100 mg/kg hesperidin treatment group (T/D + HH). Hesperidin was given to the treatment groups 30 min before detorsion. After the fourth hour of reperfusion, orchiectomy was performed on the rats under anesthesia. The tissue samples were examined histologically and biochemically. RESULTS: In the T/D group testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased significantly (p < 0.001) whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels were decreased compared to the control and other groups. However, hesperidin caused the effect of T/D to become closer to normal biochemical values. In addition, the histological examinations showed that T/D caused damage in the testis but hesperidin reduced this effect. The effects of hesperidin were found to be dose dependent. Thus, applying high doses would generate greater therapeutic effects. CONCLUSIONS: In a rat testicular T/D model we observed biochemical and histological damage due to ischemia. However, high and low dose applications of hesperidin were shown to have protective effects against this damage. Therefore, the aforementioned citrus flavonoid may provide positive results in cases of testicular torsion.

Unexpected lumbar abscess due to scarification wet cupping: a case report.

OBJECTIVE: This case presents a rare cause of lumbar abscess. METHODS: A 51-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department with a complaint of lumbar pain. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lumbar abscess. RESULTS: The abscess was treated with drainage of the abscess and antibiotic. CONCLUSION: Scarification wet cupping therapy should be taken into consideration as a rare cause of lumbar abscesses in patients who present with skin findings indicative of scarification. Scarification wet cupping therapy practitioners must pay attention to hygienic measures.

The evaluation of electrocardiogram findings in acute abdominal pain patients admitted to the emergency department.

The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of electrocardiogram in differential diagnosis of patients with nonspecific abdominal pain. This prospective observational study was conducted in a university emergency department over 2 weeks. One hundred twenty patients with complaints of abdominal pain were admitted to the emergency department. During the study period, a total of 120 cases were evaluated. The final emergency department disposition status of the 120 patients was 1 (0.8%) died in the emergency department, 28 (23.3%) were admitted to the general ward, 27 (22.5%) were admitted to other services, and 10 (8.3%) were admitted to the cardiology service and coronary care unit. The examination indicated that 38 (31.7%) patients with abdominal pain showed cardiac pathologies on their electrocardiograms; 3 (2.5%) patients with abdominal pain admitted to cardiology service had ST elevation, and 2 (1.6%) had electrocardiogram depression on their electrocardiograms. According to the results, the authors claim that the electrocardiogram played an important role in the treatment and diagnosis of patients presenting with abdominal pain in emergency medicine. For this reason, it was thought that emergency medicine specialists should understand the basis of the perception of abdominal pain and develop a focused approach to the initial evaluation of these patients.

Coagulopathy in multiple traumas.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed at analyzing the effect on coagulation of head trauma and other local traumas in patients exposed to multiple traumas in the early stage, and also the relations of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Injury Severity Score (ISS) with coagulation parameters in these patients. METHODS: Fifty consecutive patients (9 women, 41 men) with multiple traumas were included in this study. The GCS, ISS and coagulation parameter levels were measured. Presence of a correlation between GCS and ISS with coagulation parameters was analyzed. Patients exposed to multiple traumas were assessed in four categories as the patients with no significant traumas (A), only head traumas (B), head trauma and other local traumas (c), and no head traumas but other local traumas (D). RESULTS: A marked relationship was found between ISS and international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), D-dimer, fibrin degradation product (FDP), antithrombin (AT), and fibrinogen (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between Group C and the other groups in INR, D-dimer, fibrinogen, aPTT, and AT parameters (p<0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference between the groups with and without head trauma in INR, D-dimer and fibrinogen (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The coagulation parameters were observed to diverge in patients with head trauma, but in cases with head injuries accompanying other local traumas, more coagulation parameters became abnormal.