[About non-specific prophylaxis of infections typical for organized groups].

Respiratory tract infections and pyodermia are typical for personnel doing military service under conscription. Risk of progression of these infections is connected with activation of carry-over of causative agents among military personnel during replacement and decrease in immunity of conscripts. Usage of medication "Karmolis Kapli" for the purpose of prophylaxis allows to reduce cases of respiratory tract infections among the military personnel. Among the military servicemen who had take "Karmolis Kapli" was noted reduction of community-acquired pneumonia, tonsillitis and pyodermia morbidity. Non-specific protective effect of medication "Karmolis Kapli" is conditioned by increase of the common resistance of the body. For the purpose of prophylaxis it is necessary to use this medication during the personnel formation before the beginning of seasonal morbidity.

[Terminologic aspects of infections associated with administration of medical aid].

Evolution of key terms used in epidemiology of nosocomial infections is discussed. A modern point of view on terminology and comparison of Russian terms with foreign analogues are presented.

[Actual vitamin and main foodstuffs consumption by recovered patients suffered from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome].

Actual consumption of vitamins A, E, beta-carotene, ascorbic acid, thiamin, pyridoxine and main foodstuffs by recovered patients suffered from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome has been given. Frequency analysis of foodstuffs consumption was used to study actual nourishment of recovered patients. Surplus consumption of fat mainly due to the use of saturated fatty acids, deficiency of poly unsaturated fatty acids, surplus sugar consumption and predominance of proteins of animal origin over proteins of vegetable origin in ration has been revealed. Deficiency of water soluble vitamins equals to 41,6-78,7% of all examined patients, deficiency of fat water soluble vitamins is lower (21,4-38,3%).

[Effect of imunofan on several indexes of immunity and pyoderma incidence among cadets of educational institutes].

It was discovered that during the first several months military service men have suppression of several indexes of immunity and a high level of morbidity by pyoderma. Was shown a high effectiveness of immunomodulatory agent Imunofan on correction of immunity status of servicemen and decrease of morbidity by pyoderma (more than on threefold): the effectiveness index is 3,25, the defense index is 69,2%. In addition, it was marked hepatitis- and stress-protect effect of the agent. It was made a conclusion about necessity of further examination of questions of correction of immunity status of military servicemen for the purpose of decrease of morbidity by infections, actual for studying units of the Armed Forces of RF.

[Using regulatory peptide imunofan in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic foot syndrome].

AIM: To potentiate the effect of basic therapy and to correct of immune dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with diabetic foot syndrome by using the immunoregulatory peptide imunofan. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine T2DM patients with the diabetic foot and retinal angiopathy were examined. All the patients were randomized to 2 groups: study (n = 39) and control (n = 30) groups matched for clinical manifestations, age, gender, and the duration and severity of the disease. The study group patients received basic therapy in accordance with the existing recommendations, as well as immunomodulation with imunofan; the control group had basic therapy only. RESULTS: All the examinees were observed to have an android type of obesity; the detected immunological abnormalities largely involved cell-mediated immunity impairments. In the study group, therapeutic effectiveness was higher than that in the controls. Combined treatment reduced the magnitude of insulin resistance, caused positive clinical and laboratory parameters, and improved quality of life. CONCLUSION: The regulatory peptide significantly normalizes cellular and humoral immunity improves quality of life, therefore it is expedient to use it in patients with T2DM.

[Mechanisms of inhibiting production of tumor necrosis factor alpha by the synthetic hexapeptide--immunophane]. / Mekhanizmy ingibitsii porduktsii faktora nekroza opukhloi alph sinteticheskim geksapeptidom--immunofanom.

The authors examined the human blood mononuclear-induced tumor necrosis factor production using the new drug--the synthetic hexapeptide Immunophan. The levels of tumor necrosis factor in the supernatant liquid were measured by the enzyme immunoassay and the cytotoxic test using L-929 fibroblastoid cells. Following 2-8 hours of short-term incubation of mononuclear cells with Immunophan, there was a reduction in spontaneous or lipopolysaccharide - or ionophore A23187-induced production of tumor necrosis factor. As high as 5-20% of plastic-nonadherent cells treated with Immunophan in a concentration of 0.25 mu/ml were found to produce the same effect. Two-four hours after Immunophan activation, the cells produced into the supernatant liquid soluble factors with a molecular weight of 70-85 kD that suppressed the production and activity of tumor necrosis factor. Thus, the modulating effect of Immunophan against tumor necrosis factor production is associated with the induction of regulatory cells producing the soluble receptors of tumor necrosis factor. It is suggested that extrabody pharmacological induction of the cells that regulate the production of tumor necrosis factor, followed by their subsequent administration into the autologic organism might be used while developing new variants of extracorporeal treatments of the diseases which are characterized by the pathogenetically significant hyperproduction of the inflammatory cytokins,--tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6.

[Tumor necrosis factor in patients with suppurative-septic complications in terminal states and the possibilities for correcting its production]. / Faktor nekroza opukholi u bol'nykh s gnoino-septicheskimi oslozhneniiami terminal'nykh sostoianii i vozmozhnosti korrektsii ego produktsii.

The authors review the results of study of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production by mononuclears in 37 patients recovered after critical conditions of various genesis. Relationships between TNF production, condition severity and complications development have been established. Use of a new correcting agent thymogexin ensured a modulating effect and reduced an excessively high TNF production both in vitro and in patients with pyoseptic complications.

[Tumor necrosis factor and possibilities of correction of its production in patients with suppurative-septic complications in terminal states]. / Faktor nekroza opukholi i vozmozhnosti korrektsii ego produktsii u bol'nykh s gnoino-septicheskimi oslozhneniiami terminal'nykh sostoianii.

The production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by mononuclears was studied in 37 patients after critical states of various origins. A relationship was revealed between the TNF production and the patient's condition severity and the development of pyoseptic complications. Use of thymohexin, a new drug for correction, provided a modulating effect and helped reduce the excessively increased TNF production both in vitro and in the patients with pyoseptic complications.

[Genetic aspects of the action of immunosuppressive agents]. / Geneticheskie aspekty deistviia razlichnykh immunodepressantov.

The data were obtained formerly that mice of certain strains essentially differ in the sensitivity to the immunodepressive and antiproliferative action of the alkylating agents (so-called opposite strains: DBA/2--highly sensitive, BALB/c--resistant). It is shown in the present work that with the use of the other non-alkylating immunodepressive agents (cytarabine, cyclosporin A, dexamethasone) that differ in the action mode, DBA/2 mice retain a high sensitivity whereas BALB/c mice a low sensitivity to all the immunodepressants. The sensitivity to the immunodepressive action in vivo directly correlates with that of the immunocompetent cells in vitro. Potential mechanisms determining the same type sensitivity to diverse immunodepressant in mice belonging to the above-indicated genotypes are under discussion.