Age of juice introduction and cardiometabolic outcomes in middle childhood.

BACKGROUND: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends juice introduction after 12 months of age. Juice consumption has been linked to childhood obesity and cardiometabolic risk. We examined the prospective relationship between the age of juice introduction and primary and secondary cardiometabolic outcomes in middle childhood. METHODS: Parents reported the age of juice introduction on Upstate KIDS questionnaires completed between 4-18 months of age. The quantity and type of juice introduced was not measured. Anthropometry, blood pressure (BP), and arterial stiffness by pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured for 524 children at study visits between 8-10 years old (2017-2019). Age- and sex-adjusted z-scores were calculated for anthropometrics using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference. Plasma lipids, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in a subset of children were also measured (n=248). Associations between age at juice introduction (categorized as <6, 6 to <12, ≥ 12 months) and outcomes were estimated using mean differences and odds ratios, applying generalized estimating equations to account for correlations between twins. RESULTS: Approximately 18% of children were introduced to juice at < 6 months old, 52% between 6 to <12 months, and 30% ≥ 12 months of age. Children who were introduced to juice prior to 6 months had higher systolic BP (3.13 mmHg; 95% confidence interval 0.52, 5.74), heart rate (4.46 bpm; 1.05, 7.87), and mean arterial pressure (2.08 mmHg; 0.15, 4.00) compared to those introduced ≥ 12 months after covariate adjustment including sociodemographic factors and maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index. No adjusted differences in anthropometry, lipids, HbA1c, and CRP levels were found. CONCLUSION: Early juice introduction during infancy was associated with higher systolic BP, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure in middle childhood. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03106493 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03106493?term=upstate%20KIDS&rank=1).

Early Infant Feeding Practices and Associations with Growth in Childhood.

Early infant growth trajectories have been linked to obesity risk. The aim of this study was to examine early infant feeding practices in association with anthropometric measures and risk of overweight/obesity in childhood. A total of 2492 children from Upstate KIDS, a population-based longitudinal cohort, were included for the analysis. Parents reported breastfeeding and complementary food introduction from 4 to 12 months on questionnaires. Weight and height were reported at 2-3 years of age and during later follow-up at 7-9 years of age. Age and sex z-scores were calculated. Linear mixed models were conducted, adjusting for maternal and child sociodemographic factors. Approximately 54% of infants were formula-fed at <5 months of age. Compared to those formula-fed, BMI- (adjusted B, -0.23; 95% CI: -0.42, -0.05) and weight-for-age z-scores (adjusted B, -0.16; -0.28, -0.03) were lower for those exclusively breastfed. Infants breastfed for ≥12 months had a lower risk of being overweight (aRR, 0.33; 0.18, 0.59) at 2-3 years, relative to formula-fed infants. Compared to introduction at <5 months, the introduction of fruits and vegetables between 5 and 8 months was associated with lower risk of obesity at 7-9 years (aRR, 0.45; 0.22, 0.93). The type and duration of breastfeeding and delayed introduction of certain complementary foods was associated with lower childhood BMI.

Increasing Nurse-Physician Family-Centered Rounds Communication: A Quality Improvement Pilot Project.

BACKGROUND: High-quality nurse-physician communication during family-centered rounds (FCRs) can increase patient safety. LOCAL PROBLEM: In our hospital, interdisciplinary team members perceived that nurse-physician communication during FCRs declined during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Using quality improvement methodology, we measured nurses' perceived awareness of components of the shared mental model, nurses' attendance during FCRs, compliance with completing FCR summaries, and average time spent per FCR encounter. INTERVENTIONS: A structured resident huddle took place prior to an FCR. Residents used a tool to send individualized alerts to bedside nurses to prepare them for an FCR. Residents developed comprehensive summaries after each FCR encounter and sent a summary text to nurses who were unable to attend the FCR. RESULTS: We assessed 40 FCRs over 16 weeks. Nurses' perceived awareness increased from 70% to 87%. Nurse attendance increased from 53% to 75%. CONCLUSIONS: We successfully piloted multiple interventions to improve nurse perceived awareness after an FCR.