[MODERN ISSUES OF KALCIPHEROL INFLUENCE ON CHILDREN AND ADULTS' HEALTH (REVIEW)].

The purpose of this review is study of literature for the development of biological effect of Kalcipherol (D vitamin group) on children population. Different factors seem, that D- vitamin deficiency disbalance elevated, children specifically negative effect, which have a major impact on health, growth and development of infants, children and adolescents. Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies are preventable global public health problems in pediatric medicine. The laboratory assessment of vitamin D (calcidiol-25(OH)D), epidemiological studies assessing the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, are performed to analyze the relationships between neuropsychological function and mechanisms of toxic effects in the setting of vitamin D.

[THE CALCIUM-PHOSPHORIC METABOLISM AND DEVELOPMENT OF BONE ORGANIC MATRIX AT CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS ON D-AVITAMIN BACKGROUND (REVIEW)].

The purpose of the review is to study the literature data on the manifestation of D-deficient rickets in children of various age groups. It is shown that the rapid growth of the musculoskeletal system requires timely intake of both macronutrients and vitamin D, its biologically active metabolites. The role of the relationship between the intestines, liver, kidneys and bone tissue in regulating the necessary level of phosphorus-calcium salts in bone tissue, the synthesis of its organic matrix is shown. Modern data on the content of phosphorus, calcium and d vitamin in women's milk during various periods of lactation are presented. It is shown that the prevention of their deficiency should begin already in the antenatal period of the child's development. The article presents prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children of puberty and pre-puberty age, The hypo Vitamin D status in children with complicated forms orthopedic pathology is descid. The level of vitamin D and calcium-phospharic metabolism are presented summarizing the literature data. Vitamin D availability and vitamin D insufficiency in pediatric clinical practice is analysed, showing high prevalence of vitamin D difficiency in children in the first part of life. Analyses of results demonstrated differences of vitamin D serum concentration in length of age and food additives. Its manifestation, with confusing and wildly differing guidance being change the structure and volume of each components. Vitamin D, calcium-phosphoric deficiencies and osteomalacia are global public health problems in infants, children and adolescents.

Management options for rare diseases in children and adolescents in Georgia (experience of the country with transitional economy).

We present the results of our research and organizational work aimed at the management optimization for the rare diseases in Georgia (the Country with Transitional Economy). We compiled a list of the rare diseases actual for Georgia; elaborated algorythms and expert systems supporting the diagnosis making process for various clusters of the rare diseases; translated into Georgian and adapted textual materials regarding the management of various rare disorders; assessed the awareness level for the rare diseases of the pediatricians and general practioners in Georgia and attempted to raise it by organizing seminars and conferences, including international ones, in various regions of Georgia; elaborated a model of the expert system (based on the fuzzy logic principles) for unmasking the cases suspicious for the rare disease; laid the foundation for the national register of the rare diseases in children and adolescents; elaborated the module for post-graduate education regarding rare diseases; organized the center for the rare diseases.

Parameters of oxidative metabolism in neonates suffering from sepsis and anemia.

Neonatal sepsis still remains as one of the actual problems in modern medicine due to its high morbidity and mortality rates determined by diagnostic difficulties and absence of sufficient evidence for effective therapy. Literature data have shown that essential role in pathogenesis of sepsis belongs to the cellular oxidation-reduction misballance and development of the oxidative stress. The aim of our work was to assess indices of pro- and antioxidant systems in term neonates with sepsis on the background of anemia and without it. A total of 41 neonates (17 male, 24 female) with the age range from 3 to 7 days, with early sepsis, and in 2003-2005 years treated at the department of neonates' therapy and intensive care unit of pediatric clinics of the Tbilisi State Medical University were under observation. The control group involved 17 practically healthy neonates of the same age range. In consequence of the analyses there was ascertained, that with anemia increases intensification free-radical oxidation process. At the same time, antioxidant system activity was not change significantly in the sepsis with anemia, than other one. Pathogenesis of anemia may was founded undergo hemolitic anemia results by oxidative stress. According to the results of investigations could be concluded that in case of anemia developed at neonatal sepsis supports intensify of oxidative stress and at the same time anemia is the result of the oxidative stress.

[Oxidative metabolism parameters in newborns with sepsis during the cerebral ischemia of different degrees].

Within the last decade neonatal sepsis remains one of the actual problems of medicine due to its high morbidity and lethality rates. Reference data clarify that in septicaemia pathogenesis a great importance is attributed to the cellular oxidation-reduction imbalance and oxide stress development. A redox imbalance developed during sepsis indicates to the cell's dysfunction. Also central nervous system is one of the first organs, which is damaged during the sepsis. The purpose of our research was the investigation of activity of pro- and antioxidant system in newborn babies with sepsis during the cerebral ischemia of different degrees. It was shown that during the newborns' sepsis the intensity of free-radical oxidation-reduction process was increased remarkably, antioxidant system activity decreased and intensive ESR-signal of HbNO MetHb was fixed in the blood. These changes caused to development of hypoxemia and deep cerebral ischemia.

[Role of oxygen-nitrogen stress in neonatal sepsis].

Reference data indicate on the important role of free radicals of nitrogen and oxygen in the mechanisms of the damage of cells and tissues during neonatal sepsis. Meanwhile these connections play an important role in protecting of the host organism from intervention of microorganisms. The aim of the study was the evaluation of peculiarities of oxidizing metabolism and containing of nitrogen oxide. Low consistence of nitrogen oxide and the disturbance of the intracellular oxidative-resorting balance during neonatal sepsis, especially in premature children, induces insufficiency of immune and antioxidant system, which changes the homeostasis and develops the oxidative stress of the host organism. As it was shown by the results of our study, antibacterial and supportive therapy doesn't provide the important reduction of processes of free radical oxidizing. The last circumstance makes a barrier for improving a clinical condition of the newborns.

[Mechanical activity of the system of contractile proteins, energy supply of the myocardium and disruption of calcium transport in inflammatory lesions of the myocardium]. / Mekhanicheskaia aktivnost' sistemy sokratitel'nykh belkov, énergeticheskaia obespechennost' miokarda i narushenie transporta kal'tsiia pri vospalitel'nykh porazheniiakh miokarda.

In rabbit experiments it has been shown that in toxico-allergic myocarditis the disordered utilization of ATP energy is responsible for acute insufficiency of the myocardial contractile function, which results in a marked energy deficiency due to mitochondrial damage, the Ca2+ absorbtion and binding by the fragmented sarcoplasmatic reticulum being diminished.