Catheter-related bloodstream infection in patients With severe anorexia nervosa.

PURPOSE: Anorexia nervosa (AN) may be treated with intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) that may be associated with catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). DESIGN AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review was conducted to compare those who developed CRBSI were compared with those who did not. FINDINGS: Of 34 patients, 17 episodes of AN treated with IVH were identified, of which five resulted in CRBSI. The average body mass index at admission was low at 12.2. Patients who needed physical restraint during IVH had a higher (albeit statistically nonsignificant) risk. Also, those with purging had numerically lower risk. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: CRBSI complicated IVH in 29.4% instances of severe life-threatening AN in our sample. Whether physical restraints and no purging constitute a risk factor of CRBSI needs to be further investigated.

Flumazenil for Successful Seizure Induction With Electroconvulsive Therapy: Case Report and Literature Review.

OBJECTIVE: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is indicated for various psychiatric situations that are difficult to manage otherwise and may be regarded as a last resort but seizure induction is sometimes difficult, resulting in inadequate trials and futile outcomes. METHOD: We report on a 72-year-old female patient with bipolar depression whose seizure induction with ECT was challenging but the use of flumazenil was deemed effective to obtain remission in the end. We also provide a literature review on this topic. RESULTS: Seizure induction was managed with the use of flumazenil, a selective GABA-A receptor antagonist to neutralize the effects of benzodiazepine hypnotics, together with decreasing the amount of anesthesia, increasing the pulse width, and adding chlorpromazine. A PubMed search with keywords of flumazenil and ECT yielded only 14 hits (December 2020) and found some indication that flumazenil might be of use for this purpose even in the absence of benzodiazepines, although evidence base has remained very limited. CONCLUSIONS: Flumazenil, an antidote of benzodiazepines, may be effective regardless of whether benzodiazepines are in use. Because inefficient ECT is clinically problematic, more studies are necessary to investigate the effectiveness of flumazenil for successful seizure induction with ECT.