[Bilateral pure T11-T12 facet dislocation without neurologic residual deficit]. / Luxación pura de facetas articulares T11-T12 sin secuelas neurológicas. Caso clínico.

Bilateral pure facets dislocation in the thoracic spine is rare, but when it does occur in almost every instance produces a severe spinal cord lesion. It is thought to be caused by a flexion distraction mechanisms in most of the cases. A case is presented of a male suffered a polytrauma with important thoracic, abdominal, and esqueletic injuries in a car accident. The patient was in a hospital during two weeks, and one month after the trauma a bilateral pure dislocation of T11-T12 facets was diagnosed. Diagnosis was made with radiographs and CT with sagittal reconstruction. After an open reduction and fixation, recovery was complete within the first postoperative week. Facet dislocation in the thoracic spine is associated in many cases with thoracic and abdominal injuries that worsen the clinical picture, and thus it may contribute to misdiagnosis of the facet dislocation, specially in the cases with no neurological symptoms, adding a risk of secondary spinal cord damage. High-resolution CT with sagittal reconstruction provides an adequate and rapid demonstration of the luxation and associated thoraco-abdominal damages. Facet dislocation are unstable injuries that require open reduction and fixation. Recovery of patients with incomplete lesions is frequent, however, recovery from complete lesions did not occur.

Luxación pura de facetas articulares T11-T12 sin secuelas neurológicas. Caso clínico / Bilateral pure T11-T12 facet dislocation without neurologic residual deficit

La luxación bilateral pura de facetas articulares(LFA) a nivel de la columna torácica, es una entidad rara pero que da lugar a graves lesiones medulares en un alto porcentaje de casos. En la gran mayoría de los casos se produce por un mecanismo de flexión distracción. Presentamos el caso de un varón que sufrió un politraumatismo con importantes lesiones toraco-abdominales y esqueléticas, por lo que estuvo ingresado en un hospital comarcal, y al que, un mes después, se le diagnosticó una luxación bilateral de facetas articulares a nivel T11-T12, que en un principio pasó desapercibida. El diagnóstico se obtuvo mediante las radiografías simples y la TC con reconstrucción sagital. Fue intervenido quirúrgicamente para realizar la reducción dela luxación y fijación instrumentada a nivel T11-T12.La recuperación fue completa en la primera semana postoperatoria. La LFA pura a nivel torácico, en un elevado porcentaje, se asocia a lesiones toraco abdominales que agravan el proceso y pueden contribuir a que las LFA pasen inadvertidas inicialmente, sobre todo en pacientes sin afectación neurológica, con riesgo de provocar un daño neurológico secundario. La TC con reconstrucción sagital nos permite realizar un diagnóstico adecuado y precoz. El tratamiento es quirúrgico, tanto para la reducción como para la fijación posterior, ya que se trata de una lesión altamente inestable. El pronóstico es malo en pacientes con lesiones medulares completas, mientras que la mejoría es frecuente en los casos de lesión incompleta

Bilateral pure facets dislocation in the thoracic spineis rare, but when it does occur in almost every istance produces a severe spinal cord lesion. It is thought to becaused by a flexion distraction mechanisms in most of the cases. A case is presented of a male suffered a polytrauma with important thoracic, abdominal, and esqueletic injuries in a car accident. The patient was in a hospital during two weeks, and one month after the trauma a bilateral pure dislocation of T11-T12 facets was diagnosed. Diagnosis was made with radiographs and CT with sagittal reconstruction. After an open reduction and fixation, recovery was complete within the first postoperative week. Facet dislocation in the thoracic spine is associated in many cases with thoracic and abdominal injuriesthat worsen the clinical picture, and thus it may contribute to misdiagnosis of the facet dislocation, specially in the cases with no neurological symptoms, adding a risk of secondary spinal cord damage. High-resolution CT with sagittal reconstruction provides an adequate and rapid demonstration of the luxation and associated thoraco-abdominal damages. Facet dislocation are unstable injuries that require open reduction and fixation. Recovery of patients with incomplete lesions is frequent, however, recovery from complete lesions did not occur

[Pyogenic brain abscesses: experience with 60 consecutive cases]. / Abscesos piógenos encefálicos. Nuestra experiencia en 60 casos consecutivos.

INTRODUCTION: Brain abscess is a focal suppurative process in the brain parenchyma that still carries high mortality rates. Outcome is closely related with a correct and early management. In order to evaluate this management we have reviewed the brain abscesses treated in our Department during the last 14 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors present a retrospective series of 60 consecutive patients with pyogenic brain abscess treated between January of 1990 and February of 2004 paying attention to the epidemiology, etiology, clinical data, microbiology, treatment modalities and outcome. RESULTS: The male to female rate was 5.6 to 1. The average age was 47 years. Hematogenous spread was most frequent, followed by contiguous spread. In 22% of the cases, the origin was unknown. Regarding the causative pathogens, Gram positive cocci are the most frequent (44%), with a 40% incidence of anaerobics. A mixed infection occurred in 39% of the abscesses. Three modalities of treatment were used: non surgical, catheter drainage-aspiration and surgical excision. Outcome was excellent in 52 patients (86.7%) and 4 patients (6.7%) died. Although outcome was similar in both surgical modalities, drainage-aspiration required a second procedure in 20% of the cases while this was necessary in only 10% of the patients with abscess excision. Length of admission was shorter in the drainage-aspiration group than in the excision group (13 and 26 days respectively). Mortality was higher in patients with low level of consciousness and age over 70 years. CONCLUSIONS: The shorter admission time associated with drainage-aspiration of brain abscesses together with its high efficacy and low morbidity suggests that drainage-aspiration should be used as the first mode of treatment.

Abscesos piógenos encefálicos. Nuestra experiencia en 60 casos consecutivos / Pyogenic brain abscesses: experience with 60 consecutive cases

Introducción. El absceso cerebral es un proceso supurativo focal en el parénquima cerebral que todavía presenta una elevada mortalidad. El resultado está altamente relacionado con un tratamiento precoz y adecuado. Para valorar dicho tratamiento revisamos los abscesos cerebral es tratados en nuestro Servicio en los últimos 14 años. Material y métodos. Presentamos una revisión de los60 pacientes con diagnóstico de absceso cerebral piógeno tratados en el Servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital Infanta Cristina entre Enero de 1990 y Febrero de 2004, prestando atención a la epidemiología, clínica, etiología, microbiología, tratamiento y resultado final. Resultados. La relación hombre/mujer es 5.6/1, con una edad media de 47 años; el origen de la infección más frecuente es el hematógeno, seguido de las infecciones contiguas, con un 22% de abscesos de origen desconocido; los gérmenes más frecuentes son los cocos Gram positivos (44%), con una importante presencia de gérmenes anaerobios (40%); en un 39% de los casos las infecciones son mixtas; las modalidades de tratamiento fueron la punción de los abscesos para aspiración-drenaje, la cirugía abierta, con o sin resección capsular, y el tratamiento médico exclusivo. 52 pacientes (86.7 %)curaron sin secuelas y 4 (6,7 %) fallecieron. Aunque los resultados de ambos tipos de tratamiento quirúrgico son similares, el drenaje del absceso requirió en un 20%de los casos un segundo proceder quirúrgico, mientras que la craneotomía lo precisó sólo en el 10%; la estancia media en nuestro hospital fue mucho menor en los abscesos tratados mediante drenaje que en los tratados mediante cirugía abierta (13 vs 26 días); la mortalidad fue mayor en pacientes con bajo nivel de conciencia al ingreso y en mayores de 70 años. Conclusiones. Consideramos que la menor estancia media del drenaje del absceso, unido a su alta eficacia y su baja morbilidad, hacen aconsejable su uso como tratamiento de primera elección

Introduction. Brain abscess is a focal suppurative process in the brain parenchyma that still carries high mortality rates. Outcome is closely related with a correct and early management. In order to evaluate this management we have reviewed the brain abscesses treated in our Department during the last 14 years. Material and Methods. The authors present a retrospective series of 60 consecutive patients with pyogenic brain abscess treated between January of 1990 and February of 2004 paying attention to the epidemiology, etiology, clinical data, microbiology, treatment modalities and outcome Results. The male to female rate was 5.6 to 1. The average age was 47 years. Hematogenous spread was most frequent, followed by contiguous spread. In 22%of the cases, the origin was unknown. Regarding the causative pathogens, Gram positive cocci are the most frequent (44%), with a 40% incidence of an aerobics. A mixed infection occurred in 39% of the abscesses. Three modalities of treatment were used: non surgical,catheter drainage-aspiration and surgical excision. Outcome was excellent in 52 patients (86.7%) and 4patients (6.7%) died. Although outcome was similar in both surgical modalities, drainage-aspiration required a second procedure in 20% of the cases while this was necessary in only 10% of the patients with abscess excision. Length of admission was shorter in the drainage aspiration group than in the excision group (13 and 26 days respectively). Mortality was higher in patients with low level of consciousness and age over 70 years. Conclusions. The shorter admission time associated with drainage-aspiration of brain abscesses together with its high efficacy and low morbidity suggests that drainage aspiration should be used as the first mode of treatment

[Contralateral mesencephalic injury due to tentorial uncal herniation. Magnetic resonance imaging of the Kernohan's notch]. / Lesión mesencefálica contralateral por hernia cerebral. Imagen en resonancia magnética de la hendidura de Kernohan (Kernohan's notch).

We report a case of a traumatic epidural hematoma with ipsilateral hemiparesis, due to the so-called Kernohan's notch. We document the injury with axial and coronal magnetic resonance imaging.

Lesión mesencefálica contralateral por hernia cerebral. Imagen en Resonancia Magnética de la Hendidura de Kernohan (Kernohan `s Noteh) / Contralateral mesencephalic injury due to tentorial uncal herniation. Magnetic resonance imaging of the Kernohan's notch

Presentamos un caso de hemiparesia ipsilateral a un hematoma extradural traumático, como consecuencia de la denominada "Hendidura de Kernohan" (Kernohan's noteh). Documentamos la lesión mediante imágenes axiales y coronales en resonancia magnética (AU)