High-throughput image analysis in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, and its incidence has been increasing worldwide in the past decades. The increasing demand in medicine for rapid and accurate diagnosis enabled the application of digital imaging analysis in order to increase workflow efficiency and accurate analyses. The present study aimed to automatically differentiate papillary thyroid carcinoma from normal thyroid cells using high-throughput image analysis. METHODS: Images of cellular specimens were taken with a digital camera and were subsequently analyzed. Other software was used for machine-learning-based cellular diagnostics. RESULTS: The two different classes were correctly identified with high sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION: The data created offers great potential for an automated diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:574-577. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Gastroprotective effect of Lagenocarpus rigidus (Kunth) Ness (tirica-do-nativo) leaf extract against indomethacin-induced gastric injury / Efecto gastroprotector de Lagenocarpus rigidus (Kunth) Ness (tirica-do-Nativo) extracto de hoja contra las lesiones gástricas inducidas por indometacina

Introduction: species of the family Cyperaceae are commonly used by the population to treat gastric disorders.However, there are a few ethnopharmacological studies about this family Lagenocarpus rigidus (Kunth) Ness, Cyperaceae, is one of the most widespread swamp species. Objective: evaluate the gastric activity of L. rigidus and its chemical characterization. Methods: ethanolic extract of L. rigidus (ELR) leaves prepared by percolation was subjected to total polyphenol and flavonoid quantification, as well as HPLC quantification of some flavonoids. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition was determined by colorimetric assays.The gastric effects of ELR were tested in male Wistar rats (n = 6 each group) treated with different doses (600, 60 and 6 mg/kg i.p.) ELR.Gastric lesions were induced by administration of indomethacin (30 mg/kg s.c.).The number of ulcers and the index of mucosal damage (IMD) were determined taking into account the color, edema and bleeding of gastric lesions, the number of petechiae, and the number and size of the ulcers. Statistical analysis of data was performed with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test; significance was p < 0.05. Results: ELR inhibited the ACE (68.5±18.1%) at a concentration of 100 mg/mL.Oral administration of ELR (6, 60 and 600 mg/kg) showed protective activity against indomethacin-induced gastric injury. Total polyphenols in ELR were 157.7 ± 5.8 mg pirogalol/mg equivalent flavonoids and 66.9 ± 3.1 µg equivalent quercetin/mg. Conclusion: L. rigidus protects against acute gastric damage induced by indomethacin in an independent dose manner.

Introducción: las especies de la familia Cyperaceae popularmente se utilizan para tratar trastornos gástricos. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios etnofarmacológicos sobre esta familia. Lagenocarpus rigidus (Kunth) Ness, Cyperaceae, es una de las especies más grandes de población en pantano. Objetivo: evaluar la actividad gástrica de L. rigidus, junto a su caracterización química. Métodos: el extracto etanólico de hojas de L. rigidus (ELR), preparado por percolación fue objeto de cuantificación de polifenoles y flavonoides totales, cuantificación por HPLC de algunos flavonoides. La inhibición de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ECA) se realizó por ensayos colorimétricos. Los efectos gástricos de ELR se llevó a cabo en ratas Wistar macho (n = 6, cada grupo), el tratamiento con diferentes dosis (600, 60 y 6 mg/kg ip) de ELR. Las lesiones gástricas se indujeron mediante la administración de indometacina (30 mg/kg sc). El número de úlceras y signos de puntuación del índice de lesión de las mucosas (IMD) se evaluó teniendo en cuenta el color, edema y hemorragia de las lesiones gástricas, el número de petequias, y el número y tamaño de las úlceras. El análisis estadístico de los datos se realizó mediante ANOVA 1 vía, seguido por el test de Tukey y significación fue de p < 0,05. Resultados: ELR inhiben la ACE (68,5 ± 18,1 %) a una concentración de 100 mg/mL. La administración oral de ELR (6, 60 y 600 mg/kg) mostró un efecto protector gástrico contra inducido por indometacina. Los polifenoles totales de ELR fue 157,7 ± 5,8 mg equivalente de pirogalol/mg de flavonoides y 66,9 ± 3,1 μg equivalentes de quercetina/mg. Conclusiones: L. rigidus protege contra el daño gástrico agudo inducido por la indometacina en una organización independiente de la dosis.

Efeitos quimiopreventivo e antimutagênico in vivo do extrato hidroetanólico de frutos de Carica papaya L. / Chemopreventive and antimutagenic potential in vivo of hydroethanolic fruit extract of Carica papaya L. / Efectos quimiopreventivos y antimutagénicos in vivo del extracto hidroetanólico de frutos de Carica papaya L.

Introdução: os frutos de Carica papaya L. são amplamente consumidos em todo o mundo e no Brasil, porém pouco se sabe sobre seu efeito citotóxico, antimutagênico e quimioprotetor. Objetivos: avaliar o potencial antimutagênico e quimiprotetor de frutos de Carica papaya e quantificar as suas substâncias fenólicas. Métodos: a atividade antimutagênica foi avaliada pelo método de micronúcleo e as substâncias fenólicas foram analisadas pelo método de Folin-Ciacalteau (fenólicos totais), e pelo método colorimétrico cloreto de alumínio (flavonóides totais). Resultados: o extrato hidroetanólico de frutos de Carica papaya possui potencial antimutagênico e quimioprotetor (370 mg/100 g peso corporal). O teor de substâncias fenólicas do extrato hidroetanólico de frutos foi inferior a 0,001 µg/mg. Conclusão: o efeito antimutagênico e quimioprotetor observado nos extratos dos frutos de Carica papaya pode estar associado a outras substâncias. Estudos químicos precisam ser conduzidos para identificar as substâncias envolvidas na atividade.

Introduction: the fruits of Carica papaya L. are widely consumed around the world and in Brazil, but little is known about its cytotoxic, antimutagenic and chemoprotector effects. Objectives: to evaluate the antimutagenic and chemoprotector potential of fruits of Carica papaya and quantify the phenolic substances present in those fruits. Methods: mutagenic activity was evaluated by micronucleus assay and phenolic substances were analyzed by the Folin-Ciacalteau method (total phenolics), and by aluminum chloride colorimetric method (total flavonoids). Results: the hidroetanolic extract of fruits of Carica papaya elicited antimutagenic and chemoprotector effects (370 mg/100 g body weight). The content of phenolic substances of hidroetanolic extract of fruits was lower than 0.001 µg/mg. Conclusions: the antimutagenic and chemoprotector effects observed must be related to other compounds. Chemical studies must be conducted to identify the substances involved in the activity.

Introducción: los frutos de Carica papaya L. son ampliamente consumidos en todo el mundo y en Brasil, pero poco se sabe acerca de su efecto citotóxico, antimutagénico y quimioprotector. Objetivos: evaluar el efecto antimutagénico y quimiprotector de los frutos de Carica papaya y cuantificar las sustancias fenólicas. Métodos: la actividad mutagénica se evaluó por micronúcleos y las sustancias fenólicas se analizaron por el método Folin-Ciacalteau (fenólica), y el método colorimétrico cloruro de aluminio (flavonoides). Resultados: el extracto hidroetanólico de frutas de Carica papaya tiene efecto antimutagénico y quimioprotector (370 mg/100 g de peso corporal). El contenido de sustancias fenólicas de extracto hidroetanólico resultó inferior a 0,001 µg/mg. Conclusión: el efecto antimutagénico y quimioprotector observado en extractos de frutos de Carica papaya puede estar asociado con otras sustancias. Estudios químicos deben llevarse a cabo para identificar las sustancias que intervienen en la actividad.

Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the nandrolone-decanoate-induced attenuation of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex.

The androgen nandrolone decanoate (ND) is known to cause cardiovascular abnormalities, such as attenuation of the Bezold-Jarisch Reflex (BJR), cardiac hypertrophy, and elevation of mean arterial pressure (MAP). Futhermore, a relationship between androgens and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of RAS on the BJR, cardiac and prostatic hypertrophy, and MAP evoked by ND. For this, male Wistar rats were treated with ND (10 mg·(kg body mass)(-1) for 8 weeks; DECA), or vehicle (control animals; CON), or enalapril (10 mg·(kg body mass)(-1), daily; CONE), or ND and enalapril (10 mg ND + 10 mg enalapril per kilogram of body mass; DECAE). After 8 weeks of treatment, the BJR was evaluated by bradycardia and hypotensive responses that were elicited by serotonin administration (2-32 µg·(kg body mass)(-1)). MAP was assessed; cardiac and prostate hypertrophy were determined by the ratio of the tissue mass:body mass, and by histological analysis of the heart. Animals from the DECA group showed prostatic and cardiac hypertrophy, elevation in mean arterial pressure, and an impairment of BJR. Co-treatment with enalapril inhibited these changes. The data from the present study suggest that RAS has an impact on BJR attenuation, cardiac and prostatic hypertrophy, and the elevation in MAP evoked by ND.