The results of national newborn hearing screening (NNHS) data of 11,575 newborns from west part of Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to review the National Newborn Hearing Screening (NNHS) programme data obtained from Corlu, located in west part of Turkey for the last 4 years. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total 11575 newborns that were either born in Çorlu State Hospital or referred from other Health Care Centers, between September 2009 and November 2012 were included into the study. Automated-Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission (A-TEOAE) test and Automated-Auditory Brainstem Response (A-ABR) were used as screening tests. When the newborn had failed at the initial A-TEOAE test, then the test was repeated after 15 days. If the same result was obtained at the second test; the newborns were referred for ENT examination. A-TEOAE and A-ABR screening tests were performed as the third stage evaluation. The failed newborns were referred for clinical ABR test. RESULTS: Out of 11575 newborns, 593 (5.12%) had failed the test and they were referred for clinical ABR. Out of these 593 neonates, 470 had passed the diagnostic ABR test at the referral center. Bilateral and unilateral sensori-neural hearing loss (SNHL) was detected at 15 and 7 babies respectively, 10 of 22 of these babies had risk factors such as family history of hearing loss, and parental consanguinity. CONCLUSIONS: The final hearing impairment and risk factor rates of our study was similar with literature. Although referral rates and the number of default babies gradually decreased in the last 4 years; definitive diagnosis and hearing aid initiation times need to improvement.

Vitamin B12 levels in patients with tinnitus and effectiveness of vitamin B12 treatment on hearing threshold and tinnitus.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine vitamin B12 levels in patients with non-pulsatile tinnitus and to assess the efficacy of replacement treatment in tinnitus and hearing in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed 100 patients (mean age, 43.87, SD 10.12; 62 females, 38 males) and 20 healthy volunteers (9 females, 11 males). Patients whose blood serum vitamin B12 levels were below 180 pg/mL were deemed to be vitamin B12-deficient. The effect of vitamin B12 replacement treatment on hearing was examined using audiometric tests between 250 and 20000 Hz, and we compared results with a visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after treatment, which helped to produce an objective assessment of the therapeutic results in tinnitus. RESULTS: Tinnitus was found to be unilateral in 57% of cases (the right ear in 56% and the left ear in 44% of these cases) and bilateral in 43% of cases. Of the patients with tinnitus, 63 had low B12 vitamin levels, and 37 had normal B12 vitamin levels. No statistically significant difference was found with the control group levels (p = 0.80, odds ratio = 1.13). No significant change was observed in tinnitus severity after vitamin B12 therapy. Eight of these patients reported some relief in tinnitus on the VAS, but the rate of improvement was not significant (p > 0.05). In the tinnitus patients with low B12 vitamin levels, audiometric tests conducted after B12 vitamin treatment revealed a significant improvement in hearing levels only at the 250 Hz frequency. No change was observed at other frequencies. CONCLUSION: B12 replacement treatment was not effective in these patients with tinnitus. Some patients improved following vitamin B12 supplementation but the results were not significant. More studies are needed to find the reasons for, and effective treatment of, tinnitus since the aetiology of subjective tinnitus is highly variable.

Synthesis of new sulfonamide inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase.

Four different derivatives of aromatic sulfonamides have been synthesized: 1,2-bis[(4-sulfonamidobenzamide)ethoxy]ethane (SBAM), 1,2-bis[(4-sulfonamidobenzoate)ethoxy]ethane, 1,2-bis[(2,4-dichloro-5-sulfonamidobenzamide)ethoxy]ethane, and 1,2-bis[(2,4-dichloro-5-sulfonamidobenzoate)ethoxy]ethane. SBAM is a most potent inhibitor on ciliary epithelium carbonic anhydrase and is approximately 13 times more active against carbonic anhydrase isoform II than against isoform I.