Síndrome de Balint y trombosis de senos venosos cerebrales: reporte de caso / Balint syndrome and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: Case report

Introducción: El síndrome de Balint es un trastorno neurológico infrecuente, de etiología diversa, cuya presentación incluye la triada clásica de: simultagnosia, ataxia óptica y apraxia oculomotora, síntomas secundarios asociados a lesiones parieto-occipitales, con pronóstico variable según la etiología que se encuentre. A continuación, se reporta un caso secundario a una trombosis de senos venosos. Presentación del caso: Mujer de 66 años que ingresa a urgencias por cefalea aguda asociada a síntomas neurológicos progresivos con compromiso visual. Presentó tensión arterial elevada, simultagnosia, ataxia óptica y apraxia oculomotora. Los estudios imagenológicos reportaron hemorragia subaracnoidea por trombosis de seno sigmoideo izquierdo, por lo que se inició anticoagulación, antihipertensivo, con adecuada evolución del cuadro clínico. Discusión: A pesar de que el síndrome de Balint es un trastorno poco común, de etiología diversa, con escasos reportes a escala global, el caso comentado concordó con las características descritas en la literatura. El abordaje de la paciente en su atención inicial permitió la sospecha diagnóstica oportuna y la indicación de ayudas diagnósticas imagenológicas pertinentes. Tales ayudas soportaron un manejo temprano y la adecuada evolución y resolución del cuadro, en el contexto de la asociación del síndrome a una trombosis de senos venosos cerebrales (una etiología infrecuente). Conclusión: Mediante una historia clínica completa y minuciosa, junto a un adecuado examen neurológico, es posible hacer un acercamiento diagnóstico temprano que permita generar la sospecha del síndrome de Balint y la solicitud temprana de imágenes diagnósticas que orienten en el estudio de su etiología y manejo oportuno, con mejores desenlaces en el paciente.

Introduction: Balint Syndrome is a rare neurological disorder with multiple etiologies. The physical signs include a classic triad (simultagnosia, optic ataxia, and oculomotor apraxia). These symptoms are associated with parieto-occipital lesions, and the prognosis depends on the etiology. This article reports a case secondary to venous sinus thrombosis. Presentation of the case: A 66-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with acute headache associated with progressive neurological symptoms and visual impairment. She had high blood pressure, simultanagnosia, optic ataxia, and oculomotor apraxia. Imaging studies revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage due to thrombosis of the left sigmoid sinus, for which anticoagulation and antihypertensive therapy were started. The patient had a favorable clinical outcome. Discussion: Although Balint syndrome is a rare disorder of diverse etiology with few clinical cases reported globally, the case discussed here was consistent with the characteristics described in the literature. The patient's initial assessment allowed for timely diagnostic suspicion and appropriate imaging studies, which supported early management and the appropriate evolution and resolution of the condition, given the association of the syndrome with an uncommon cause as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Conclusion: A complete and thorough medical history, along with a proper neurological exam, can lead to an early diagnostic approach that raises suspicion of Balint's syndrome and prompts timely imaging studies to guide the investigation of its etiology and management, ultimately leading to better outcomes for the patient.

A Comparative Study of a Small Series of Patients (50 Patients) with Pelvic Varicose Veins Treated with Plugs Alone or Plugs and Polidocanol.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2. PURPOSE: To compare the safety and efficacy of vascular plug (VP) and vascular plug and polidocanol foam (VPPF) treatments for embolization in pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparative, prospective, two-center study enrolled 50 women with PCS from January 2019 to January 2020. The patients were divided into two groups, and embolization was performed with VP (n = 25) and VPPF (n = 25) treatments. The mean age of the patients was 45.6 years ± 6.9. Three clinical parameters were assessed: abdominal pain, dyspareunia, and lower limb pain. The primary outcome (clinical success at 1 yr using a VAS), number of devices, procedure and fluoroscopy times, radiation doses, costs, and complications were compared. The participants were followed-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: At the 1-year follow-up, clinical success did not significantly differ between the two groups (VP vs. VPPF) regarding the improvement of the symptoms analyzed (pelvic pain, dyspareunia, lower extremity pain, and other symptoms (p < 0.05)). The mean number of devices per case was 4 ± 1.1 for the VP group and 2 ± 0.31 for the VPPF group (p < 0.001). No major complications were recorded in either group. The VPPF group had a significantly longer fluoroscopy time (42.8 min ± 14.2 vs. 25.4 min ± 7) and longer radiation dose (VPPF air kerma 839.4 ± 513 vs. VP air kerma 658.4 mGy ± 355 (all p < 0.001)). CONCLUSIONS: Embolization for PCS resulted in pain relief in 90% of patients; the use of polidocanol did not demonstrate changes in the clinical outcome. The use of a VP alone was associated with decreased fluoroscopy time and radiation dose.

Catheter-directed hemorrhoidal embolization for rectal bleeding due to hemorrhoids (Goligher grade I-III): prospective outcomes from a Spanish emborrhoid registry.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of catheter-directed hemorrhoidal embolization (CDHE) by microcoil embolization for rectal bleeding due to hemorrhoids classified as Goligher grade I-III. METHODS: Eighty patients (62.5% males) with a mean age of 48 ± 9 years were recruited prospectively. All patients had symptomatic bleeding hemorrhoids. All patients were classified according to Goligher classification: grade I (13.7%), grade II (71.1%), grade III (15%), and no grade IV were recruited in this study. In all cases, microcoils were used to embolize the superior rectal artery(SRA), and microspheres if recurrence of bleeding occurred. Follow-up evaluation (1, 3, 6, and 12 months) included clinical examination and anoscopy. A questionnaire was conducted to determine improvement regarding bleeding, quality of life before, and the degree of patient satisfaction of each participant. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in 100% of the cases. Fifty-five (68.7%) participants had the absence of rectal bleeding after 12 months of embolization. VAS and QL improved 4 points and 1.5 respectively after embolization. A total of 25/80 (31.3%) had a recurrence in rectal bleeding. Seventeen (21.3%) patients underwent a second embolization, and four patients (5%) were treated with open hemorrhoidectomy. No major complications were observed. Sixteen participants had minor complications. Subjective post-treatment symptom and QL surveys showed significant differences from the baseline survey. Likewise, the degree of satisfaction in the telephone survey at 12 months revealed a high degree of patient satisfaction (8.3±1.1). CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that CDHE is a feasible, well-tolerated, ambulatory, anal sphincter-sparing procedure for the treatment of internal hemorrhoids. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: CDHE is a simple procedure, well tolerated and accepted by patients, that preserves the anal sphincter and presents few complications when metal devices or microspheres are used as embolic agents. KEY POINTS: • The technical success rate of CDHE, defined as the closure of all the SRA in their distal segment, was achieved 100% of all patients. However, a second embolization treatment was required since 21.25% of the patients experienced rectal bleeding. • Overall, CDHE's safety profile is acceptable. After the procedure and 1 year of follow-up, no significant complications were observed. • Encouraging clinical outcomes have demonstrated CDHE in individuals with hemorrhoids and mild prolapse Goligher grades I-III with persistent rectal bleeding.

Síndrome de Anton-Babinsky / Anton-Babinski Syndrome

Introducción: El síndrome de Anton-Babinsky es un trastorno neuropsiquiátrico poco frecuente, que se manifiesta por anosognosia y ceguera cortical, debido a lesiones en las áreas visuales asociativas de la corteza occipital sin presentar afectación en la vía visual. En adultos mayores sus manifestaciones clínicas suelen ser atípicas y la valoración geriátrica integral permite orientar el diagnóstico, que se puede asociar con síndromes geriátricos. Objetivo: Describir las manifestaciones clínicas, síndromes geriátricos, paraclínicos y tratamiento de un paciente con Síndrome de Anton-Babinsky. Caso clínico: Paciente de 85 años, quien durante un postoperatorio inmediato de cirugía ocular (pterigión) presentó alteración fluctuante del estado de conciencia, alucinaciones visuales, disminución de la agudeza visual bilateral y anosognosia. La analítica sanguínea no reportó alteraciones y la tomografía computarizada de cráneo documentó isquemia occipital bilateral, se le diagnosticó síndrome de Anton-Babinsky. Conclusiones: El síndrome de Anton-Babinsky puede tener presentación atípica a través de síndromes geriátricos. La valoración geriátrica integral permite realizar un diagnóstico y manejo multicomponente oportuno con el objetivo de influir en el pronóstico tanto a corto como a largo plazo(AU)

Introduction: Anton-Babinski syndrome is a rare neuropsychiatric disorder, with a manifestation of anosognosia and cortical blindness, due to lesions in the associative visual areas of the occipital cortex without presenting visual pathway impairment. In elderly adults, its clinical manifestations are usually atypical and a comprehensive geriatric assessment allows to guide the diagnosis, which can be associated with geriatric syndromes. Objective: To describe the clinical manifestations, geriatric syndromes, paraclinical findings and treatment of a patient with Anton-Babinski syndrome. Clinical case: This is the case of an 85-year-old patient who, during the immediate postoperative period after ocular surgery (pterygium), presented a fluctuating alteration of consciousness, visual hallucinations, decreased bilateral visual acuity and anosognosia. Blood analysis reported no alterations and cranial computed tomography documented bilateral occipital ischemia; the patient was diagnosed with Anton-Babinski syndrome. Conclusions: Anton-Babinski syndrome may have an atypical presentation through geriatric syndromes. Comprehensive geriatric assessment allows for timely multicomponent diagnosis and management with the aim of influencing both short- and long-term prognosis(AU)

Una presentación inusual de fístula carótido-cavernosa secundaria a trauma craneoencefálico leve: reporte de caso / An unusual presentation of carotid-cavernosa fistula secondary to mild craneoenephalic trauma: a case report

Resumen La fístula carótido-cavernosa es cualquier comunicación anómala entre la arteria carótida y el seno cavernoso que genera un shunt arteriovenoso patológico, se manifiesta en forma anterógrada a la órbita, causa ceguera y oftalmoparesia. Su asociación con trauma craneoencefálico leve es escasa y poco reportada, por lo que se desconoce su prevalencia. Se reporta un paciente masculino de 54 años proveniente de Cali, Colombia, con antecedente de trauma craneoencefálico leve 2 meses antes del ingreso, quien presenta cuadro de cefalea holocraneal y alteraciones visuales. Al examen físico presentó oftalmoparesia, con ptosis palpebral bilateral asimétrica y proptosis pulsátil izquierda; se realizó resonancia magnética cerebral simple y angioresonancia, con hallazgos sugestivos de fístula carótido-cavernosa. El paciente fue llevado a arteriografía más embolización, logrando un resultado favorable. La presencia de cefalea con banderas rojas, alteraciones visuales, proptosis pulsátil y el antecedente de trauma craneoencefálico, sin importar su grado, pueden hacer sospechar la presencia de esta entidad.

Abstract The carotid-cavernous fistula is any abnormal communication between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus, generating a pathological arteriovenous shunt manifesting anterograde to the orbit, causing blindness and ophthalmoparesis. Its association with mild head trauma is scarce and underreported, its prevalence being unknown. A 54-year-old male patient from Cali - Colombia is reported, with a history of mild cranioencephalic trauma 2 months ago, who consulted for a holocranial headache and visual disturbances. On physical examination he presented ophthalmoparesis, with bilateral asymmetric palpebral ptosis with left pulsatile proptosis. A simple brain magnetic resonance and angio-MRI was performed, with findings suggestive of a carotid-cavernous fistula. The patient was taken to arteriography plus embolization, achieving a favorable result. The presence of headache with red flags, visual disturbances, pulsatile proptosis, and a history of head trauma, regardless of its degree, can lead to suspect the presence of this entity.

Safety and Effectiveness of a New Electrical Detachable Microcoil for Embolization of Hemorrhoidal Disease, November 2020-December 2021: Results of a Prospective Study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new, bare platinum, detachable microcoil as a metallic embolization agent in the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective single-center study evaluated a new, bare platinum, electrical, detachable microcoil (Prestige plus coil (Balt Montmorency France)) for use in vascular embolization in patients with hemorrhoidal disease. Between January 2020 and January 2021, 24 embolization procedures were performed in 21 patients (12 males, 9 females; mean age 44.3 ± 7.3). The inclusion criteria were: (a) participants with grade I, II and III hemorrhoidal disease on the Goligher classification; (b) patients older than 18 years of age with a score of greater than 4 on the French bleeding score (FBS) scale; (c) patients with scores greater than 2 on the scale of discomfort proposed by Tradi and Farfallah. (d) patients who underwent treatment that included the use of the new novel coil (Prestige plus coil (Balt)) as an embolic material. The exclusion criteria were participants who failed to provide informed consent and participants diagnosed with rectal bleeding due to other causes (cancer, fissures or others). Participants with severe renal insufficiency, non-correctable coagulation abnormalities and adverse reactions to the contrast medium not correctable with medication were also excluded. The symptoms, technical aspects, the transarterial approach, clinical and technical success complications and short-term outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: Technical success was obtained in 100% of the cases. Seventeen (80.9%) patients experienced improvements in their hemorrhoidal disease. The VAS and QL scores improved by 4 and 1.5 points (81.2% and 87.5%), respectively, after embolization (pV: 0001). Three (14.2%) patients underwent a second embolization due to rebleeding. One patient (4.7%) underwent surgery. No major complications were observed. Three patients had minor complications. The assessment of subjective post-treatment symptoms and QL surveys showed significant differences from the baseline survey. Likewise, the measurement of the degree of satisfaction using a telephone survey at 12 months revealed a high degree of patient satisfaction over 10 points (mean 8.3 ± 1.1). CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that the use of the new, platinum, detachable, electrical microcoil is safe and well-tolerated in the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease. KEY POINTS: Catheter-directed hemorrhoidal dearterialization (CDHD) is the procedure of embolization with embolic agents for the treatment of internal hemorrhoids. CDHD is a simple and safe procedure that is accepted by patients and preserves the anal sphincter; it presents few complications when metal devices or microspheres are used as embolic agents. As the recommended embolization agent in treatments, the Prestige electrical, detachable coil is a safe, easy-to-use and effective arterial embolic device.

Enfermedad de cambios mínimos cortico-resistente e hipotiroidismo. Reporte de caso / Steroid-resistant minimal change disease and hypothyroidism: Case report

Introducción: La enfermedad de cambios mínimos es una causa rara de síndrome nefrótico en el adulto, y su relación con el hipotiroidismo es más rara aún. Se considera que esta patología renal responde favorablemente al manejo con glucocorticoides y tiene una baja frecuencia de resistencia. Su abordaje hoy en día es objeto de investigación. Objetivo: Describir una rara etiología de síndrome nefrótico en el adulto con presentación, tratamiento y desenlace infrecuentes. Presentación del caso: Paciente femenino de 53 años quien inicia con síndrome nefrótico por enfermedad de cambios mínimos cortico-resistente y su asociación con un hipotiroidismo descontrolado, quien requiere manejo con rituximab y control de la enfermedad endocrinológica asociada, como enfermedad de base. Conclusiones: En este caso clínico se muestra como las enfermedades citadas pueden coexistir y el tratamiento en conjunto es necesario. El establecimiento de nuevas terapias en la población adulta como el rituximab podría mostrar beneficio, como en este caso. Sin embargo, aún existe la necesidad de estudios de mayor evidencia que validen firmemente la efectividad de los diferentes tratamientos en este tipo de pacientes.

Introduction: Minimal change disease is a rare cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, and its association with hypothyroidism is even more exceptional. This renal pathology is considered to respond favorably to glucocorticoid management and has a low resistance frequency. How to approach this disease is currently under investigation. Objective: To describe a rare etiology of adult nephrotic syndrome with unusual presentation, treatment, and outcome. Case presentation: A 53 years-old female patient who initially experienced nephrotic syndrome due to steroid-resistant minimal change disease, which was also associated with uncontrolled hypothyroidism. She required management with rituximab and control of the associated endocrinological disease, which was considered as the underlying disease. Conclusions: This clinical case shows (i) how the two aforementioned diseases can coexist and (ii) that a joint treatment is necessary. Establishing new therapies may be beneficial for adult populations, such as the benefits seen in this case with the use of rituximab. However, further studies are needed to strongly validate the effectiveness of the different treatments for these types of patients.

Gitelman syndrome, a rare cause of refractory hypokalemia. A case report / Símdrome de Gitelman, causa rara de hipopotasemia refractaria. Reporte de caso

Abstract Introduction: Gitelman syndrome is a rare hereditary primary renal tubular disorder, with a prevalence of approximately 1 to 10 cases per 40 000 people. It does not have specific symptoms, so its diagnosis depends on high clinical suspicion by the treating physical and a sequential approach to hypokalemia, especially in young patients. Thus, a diagnostic algorithm is proposed at the end of this report. Case presentation: A 23-year-old woman with a history of hospitalization due to hypokalemia presented to the emergency service with intermittent cramping in her lower limbs, which was exacerbated by gastrointestinal symptoms. Laboratory tests reported the following findings: metabolic alkalosis, elevated levels of potassium, magnesium, chloride and sodium in urine, and reduced levels of calcium in urine. Thus, potassium supplementation and eplerenone administration were started, obtaining the complete resolution of symptoms. At her last follow-up appointment, the patient was asymptomatic, and her serum electrolyte levels were normal. In addition, during her hospital stay and due to the high suspicion of Gitelman syndrome, a genetic study was performed, which reported a mutation of the SCL12A3 gene, confirming the diagnosis. Conclusion: The sequential approach to a patient with recurrent hypokalemia is very important to reach an accurate diagnosis among a wide range of differential diagnoses.

Resumen Introducción. El síndrome de Gitelman es un trastorno tubular renal primario hereditario poco frecuente, con una prevalencia aproximada de 1 a 10 casos por cada 40 000 personas; su sintomatologia es inespecífica, por lo que su diagnóstico depende de la alta sospecha clínica por parte del médico tratante y de un abordaje secuencial de la hipopotasemia, sobre todo en pacientes jóvenes, para lo cual se propone un algoritmo diagnóstico al final de este reporte. Presentación de caso. Mujer de 23 años con antecedente de hospitalización por hipopotasemia, quien consultó por calambres musculares intermitentes en miembros inferiores, los cuales se agudizaron debido a síntomas gastrointestinales. En los exámenes de laboratorio se reportaron los siguientes hallazgos: alcalosis metabólica, niveles elevados de potasio, magnesio, cloro y sodio en orina, y niveles reducidos de calcio en orina, por lo que se inició suplementación de potasio y manejo con eplerenona, obteniéndose resolución completa de los síntomas. En su último control, la paciente se encontraba asintomática y sus niveles séricos de electrolitos eran normales. Además, durante la hospitalización, y debido a la alta sospecha de síndrome de Gitelman, se solicitó estudio genético que reportó mutación del gen SCL12A3, confirmándose el diagnóstico. Conclusión. El abordaje secuencial de un paciente con hipopotasemia recurrente es de gran importancia para realizar un diagnóstico certero ante una amplia gama de diagnósticos diferenciales.

Centenaria institucionalizada recuperada por COVID-19 con generación de inmunidad: Un caso de estudio / A centenarian institutionalized patient who recovered from COVID-19 and developed immunity: A case study

Resumen Introducción: El virus SARS-CoV-2 y su enfermedad COVID-19, afecta con mayor severidad a personas adultas mayores, sobre todo aquellas con multimorbilidad y fragilidad; esto debido a mecanismos fisiológicos como la inmunosenescencia o un pobre control de la actividad inflamatoria en esta población. Los estudios sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento en estos pacientes son escasos y muchos de ellos tienen niveles de evidencia bajos. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y paraclínicas de una adulta mayor centenaria institucionalizada, frágil, con multimorbilidad quien sobrevive a la infección y desarrolla inmunidad en una unidad geriátrica de agudos. Presentación del caso: Centenaria institucionalizada con multimorbilidad y fragilidad con criterios de severidad de la enfermedad, quien fue manejada tempranamente y recuperada, llegando a desarrollar inmunidad. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico temprano, un manejo precoz y el abordaje geriátrico integral e interdisciplinar son indispensables para un desenlace favorable en pacientes adultos mayores con alto riesgo de progresión de enfermedad con COVID-19.

Abstract Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the disease it causes (COVID-19), severely affects older adults (OA), especially those with multimorbidity and frailty. This is due to physiological mechanisms such as immunosenescence or poor control of inflammatory activity in this population. Studies of the diagnoses and treatments in these patients are scarce and many of them have low levels of evidence. Objective: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of a frail institutionalized centenarian female patient with multimorbidity who survived COVID-19 infection, developed immunity, and was treated in an acute geriatric unit. Case presentation: Institutionalized centenarian patient with multimorbidity and frailty who fulfilled the criteria for severe COVID-19 disease, was managed early, recovered, and eventually developed immunity. Conclusion: early diagnosis, early management and a comprehensive and interdisciplinary geriatric approach are essential for a favorable outcome in OA patients at high risk of COVID-19 disease progression.

Diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Update of the consensus document of the AEEH, AEC, SEOM, SERAM, SERVEI, and SETH. / Diagnóstico y tratamiento del carcinoma hepatocelular. Actualización del documento de consenso de la AEEH, AEC, SEOM, SERAM, SERVEI y SETH.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver neoplasm and one of the most common causes of death in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. In parallel, with recognition of the clinical relevance of this cancer, major new developments have recently appeared in its diagnosis, prognostic assessment and in particular, in its treatment. Therefore, the Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver (AEEH) has driven the need to update the clinical practice guidelines, once again inviting all the societies involved in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease to participate in the drafting and approval of the document: Spanish Society for Liver Transplantation (SETH), Spanish Society of Diagnostic Radiology (SERAM), Spanish Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (SERVEI), Spanish Association of Surgeons (AEC) and Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM). The clinical practice guidelines published in 2016 and accepted as National Health System Clinical Practice Guidelines were taken as the reference documents, incorporating the most important recent advances. The scientific evidence and the strength of the recommendation is based on the GRADE system.

Derivación portosistémica intrahepática transyugular (TIPS) en España. Consideraciones clínicas-epidemiológicas en relación a un registro multicéntrico / No disponible

OBJETIVO: el objetivo del presente estudio es conocer aspectos epidemiológicos, técnicos y clínicos en el uso de la derivación portosistémica intrahepática transyugular (TIPS) en España en las unidades de intervencionismo. Además, se compara el número de TIPS realizados en España con el de otros países. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio retrospectivo aprobado por el Comité Ético de la Sociedad Española de Radiología Intervencionista (SERVE). Para la recolección de datos sobre el estado actual del TIPS en España, se preparó una encuesta con 31 ítems (datos demográficos, técnicos y clínicos). La encuesta fue enviada a los 49 hospitales que constaba en el registro de la SERVEI que en 2016 habían realizado TIPS. RESULTADOS: de los 49 centros encuestados, 33 (67,35 %) respondieron. Estos centros habían realizado 265 de los 415 TIPS realizados ese año en España. La indicación más frecuente fue el sangrado por varices gastroesofágicas (144, 54,33 %). El 62,26 % de los TIPS fueron realizados de forma urgente y el 37,7 %, de forma programada. El éxito técnico fue de 89,16 ± 20,9 %, resangrando entre ellos el 17,9 %. Sesenta y nueve pacientes (26,03 %) presentaron complicaciones (el 19,62 % menores y el 6,41 % mayores). La mortalidad a 30 días relacionada con la enfermedad fue del 14,33 %, mientras que a un año fue del 18,49 %. CONCLUSIÓN: de forma llamativa, en nuestro estudio, las complicaciones del TIPS no muestran una clara relación con el número de procedimientos realizados. En relación a otros países como Estados Unidos y Francia, el número de TIPS en España por millón de habitantes actualmente es sustancialmente menor, sin cambios significativos respecto al número realizado en 2013

No disponible

Ibero-American Society of Interventionism (SIDI) and the Spanish Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (SERVEI) Standard of Practice (SOP) for the Management of Inferior Vena Cava Filters in the Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism.

OBJECTIVES: to present an interventional radiology standard of practice on the use of inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) in patients with or at risk to develop venous thromboembolism (VTE) from the Iberoamerican Interventional Society (SIDI) and Spanish Vascular and Interventional Radiology Society (SERVEI). METHODS: a group of twenty-two interventional radiologist experts, from the SIDI and SERVEI societies, attended online meetings to develop a current clinical practice guideline on the proper indication for the placement and retrieval of IVCFs. A broad review was undertaken to determine the participation of interventional radiologists in the current guidelines and a consensus on inferior vena cava filters. Twenty-two experts from both societies worked on a common draft and received a questionnaire where they had to assess, for IVCF placement, the absolute, relative, and prophylactic indications. The experts voted on the different indications and reasoned their decision. RESULTS: a total of two-hundred-thirty-three articles were reviewed. Interventional radiologists participated in the development of just two of the eight guidelines. The threshold for inclusion was 100% agreement. Three absolute and four relative indications for the IVCF placement were identified. No indications for the prophylactic filter placement reached the threshold. CONCLUSION: interventional radiologists are highly involved in the management of IVCFs but have limited participation in the development of multidisciplinary clinical practice guidelines.