RESUMO
Although the relationship between stereotypes and acculturation preferences has been previously studied from the majority perspective among adults, the perspective of adolescents and minority groups is understudied. This research analyzed the contribution of four stereotype dimensions (i.e., morality, immorality, sociability, and competence) to the acculturation preferences of Spanish adolescents and adolescents of Moroccan-origin, the moderating role of stereotypes in intergroup acculturation discrepancies, and the interaction of stereotypes with acculturation perceptions on acculturation preferences. A sample of 488 Spanish adolescents and 360 adolescents of Moroccan-origin living in Spain, from 12 to 19 years old, reported how moral, immoral, social, and competent they perceive each other to be. Spanish adolescents reported their perception about how Moroccan youth were acculturating in terms of maintaining their original culture and adopting the host culture, and their acculturation preferences in the same dimensions. Adolescents of Moroccan-origin reported to what extent they were maintaining their original culture and adopting the host culture, their acculturation preferences, and their ethnic and national (Spanish) identity. Results showed that adolescents of Moroccan-origin reported more positive perceptions of Spanish youth than conversely. The perceived immorality of the outgroup was important for understanding the preferences for adopting the host culture of both groups, but in the opposite direction. The four stereotype dimensions modulated the majority-minority discrepancies in preferences for cultural adoption. An analysis of the interaction between stereotypes and perceived adoption on acculturation preferences showed that when Spanish adolescents perceived that Moroccan youth were not adopting the Spanish culture, perceived morality and sociability played a role in their preferences for adoption. The less moral and sociable Moroccans were perceived, the more preference for cultural adoption. These findings support the importance of considering stereotypes in acculturation studies of majority and minority groups, as well as the relevance of including these perceptions in interventions aimed at improving intercultural relations.
RESUMO
Hostility towards outgroups contributes to costly intergroup conflict. Here we test an intervention to reduce hostility towards Muslims, a frequently targeted outgroup. Our 'collective blame hypocrisy' intervention highlights the hypocrisy involved in the tendency for people to collectively blame outgroup but not ingroup members for blameworthy actions of individual group members. Using both within-subject and between-subject comparisons in a preregistered longitudinal study in Spain, we find that our intervention reduces collective blame of Muslims and downstream anti-Muslim sentiments relative to a matched control condition and that the effects of the intervention persist one month and also one year later. We replicate the benefits of the intervention in a second study. The effects are mediated by reductions in collective blame and moderated by individual differences in preference for consistency. Together, these data illustrate that the collective blame hypocrisy intervention enduringly reduces harmful intergroup attitudes associated with conflict escalation, particularly among those who value consistency in themselves and others.
Assuntos
Conflito Psicológico , Processos Grupais , Hostilidade , Preconceito/etnologia , Adulto , Feminino , Educação em Saúde , Humanos , Individualidade , Islamismo , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Espanha/etnologiaRESUMO
La población gitana es uno de los grupos más discriminados en España. En esta investigación se examina el impacto en estudiantes universitarios de la visita a la exposición Vidas Gitanas sobre el prejuicio hacia los gitanos. Esta exposición pretende ofrecer una visión realista de este pueblo y de su cultura para paliar la falta de conocimiento sobre la realidad del pueblo gitano. Los participantes (N = 91) fueron divididos en dos condiciones: visita a la exposición vs. grupo control. Los resultados mostraron que los participantes evaluaron mejor a los gitanos después de visitar la exposición que antes. Asimismo, en comparación con el grupo control, los participantes que visitaron la exposición mostraron una evaluación más positiva y una mayor inclusión de los gitanos en la categoría social supraordenada "españoles". Dichos resultados son discutidos a la luz de las diferentes estrategias de reducción del prejuicio
The Gypsy population is one of the groups that are most discriminated against in Spain. In this research, we studied the impact of the visit to the exhibition Vidas Gitanas (Gypsy Lives) on undergraduate students' prejudice towards Gypsies. This exhibition was organized with the aim of providing a realistic vision of this population and its culture and to alleviate the lack of knowledge about the reality of Gypsies. In this study 91 participants were exposed to one of two different conditions: visiting the exhibition or control group. Participants showed a better evaluation of Gypsies after visiting the exposition than before. Moreover, compared to the control group, participants who visited the exhibition showed a better evaluation and a greater inclusion of Gypsies within the superordinate social category "Spaniards". These results are discussed in the light of different strategies on prejudice reduction