Dental Research Data Availability and Quality According to the FAIR Principles.

According to the FAIR principles, data produced by scientific research should be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable-for instance, to be used in machine learning algorithms. However, to date, there is no estimate of the quantity or quality of dental research data evaluated via the FAIR principles. We aimed to determine the availability of open data in dental research and to assess compliance with the FAIR principles (or FAIRness) of shared dental research data. We downloaded all available articles published in PubMed-indexed dental journals from 2016 to 2021 as open access from Europe PubMed Central. In addition, we took a random sample of 500 dental articles that were not open access through Europe PubMed Central. We assessed data sharing in the articles and compliance of shared data to the FAIR principles programmatically. Results showed that of 7,509 investigated articles, 112 (1.5%) shared data. The average (SD) level of compliance with the FAIR metrics was 32.6% (31.9%). The average for each metric was as follows: findability, 3.4 (2.7) of 7; accessibility, 1.0 (1.0) of 3; interoperability, 1.1 (1.2) of 4; and reusability, 2.4 (2.6) of 10. No considerable changes in data sharing or quality of shared data occurred over the years. Our findings indicated that dental researchers rarely shared data, and when they did share, the FAIR quality was suboptimal. Machine learning algorithms could understand 1% of available dental research data. These undermine the reproducibility of dental research and hinder gaining the knowledge that can be gleaned from machine learning algorithms and applications.

Eficacia de la terapia con señales electromagnéticas pulsadas y transmitidas de manera dieléctrica monopolar en procesos dolorosos asociados a esclerosis múltiple. Estudio piloto / Effectiveness of monopolar dielectric transmission of pulsed electromagnetic fields for multiple sclerosis–related pain: A pilot study

Introducción: El dolor presenta elevadas tasas de prevalencia en la población con esclerosis múltiple (EM), siendo el 50% de carácter crónico y clasificándose en tipo nociceptivo, neuropático o mixto. Afecta a la calidad de vida, al sueño y a las actividades de la vida diaria. La electroterapia se presenta como una interesante alternativa o complemento en el abordaje del dolor en EM, presentando constantes innovaciones.Material y métodosEste estudio valora la eficacia de la terapia por señales electromagnéticas pulsadas y transmitidas de manera dieléctrica monopolar (SEDM) en procesos dolorosos asociados a EM mediante un ensayo clínico aleatorizado sobre 24 pacientes a los que se les medirá el dolor mediante Brief Pain Inventory, la calidad de vida con MusiQoL, la depresión con Beck y la fatiga mediante Modified Fatigue Impact Scale.ResultadosSe hallaron mejoras estadísticamente significativas en puntuaciones máximas y medias de dolor, así como en interferencia del dolor a nivel laboral, a nivel de relaciones personales, del sueño y el descanso. Las diferencias entre grupo de intervención y placebo no fueron significativas.ConclusionesEl tratamiento con SEDM podría ser efectivo para reducir el dolor en pacientes con EM, siendo necesarios más estudios para mostrar su efectividad respecto al placebo y diferenciar en qué tipología de dolor puede ser más eficaz. (AU)

Introduction: Pain is highly prevalent in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS); it is chronic in 50% of cases and is classified as nociceptive, neuropathic, or mixed-type. Pain affects quality of life, sleep, and the activities of daily living. Electrotherapy is an interesting alternative or complementary treatment in the management of pain in MS, with new innovations constantly appearing.Material and methodsThis study evaluates the effectiveness of treatment with monopolar dielectric transmission of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) for pain associated with MS. We performed a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial including 24 patients, who were assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory, the Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale.ResultsStatistically significant improvements were observed in maximum and mean pain scores, as well as in the impact of pain on work, personal relationships, and sleep and rest. Not significant differences were found between the treatment and placebo groups.ConclusionsTreatment with PEMF may be effective in reducing pain in patients with MS, although further research is necessary to confirm its effectiveness over placebo and to differentiate which type of pain may be more susceptible to this treatment. (AU)

Effectiveness of monopolar dielectric transmission of pulsed electromagnetic fields for multiple sclerosis-related pain: a pilot study.

INTRODUCTION: Pain is highly prevalent in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS); it is chronic in 50% of cases and is classified as nociceptive, neuropathic, or mixed-type. Pain affects quality of life, sleep, and the activities of daily living. Electrotherapy is an interesting alternative or complementary treatment in the management of pain in MS, with new innovations constantly appearing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study evaluates the effectiveness of treatment with monopolar dielectric transmission of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) for pain associated with MS. We performed a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial including 24 patients, who were assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory, the Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvements were observed in maximum and mean pain scores, as well as in the impact of pain on work, personal relationships, and sleep and rest. Not significant differences were found between the treatment and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with PEMF may be effective in reducing pain in patients with MS, although further research is necessary to confirm its effectiveness over placebo and to differentiate which type of pain may be more susceptible to this treatment.

Efectos del entrenamiento en bicicleta con retroalimentación visual sobre la marcha en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple / Effect of visual biofeedback cycling training on gait in patients with multiple sclerosis

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las alteraciones de la marcha están presentes en un alto porcentaje en los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (EM); aparece desde estadios iniciales pudiendo limitar la realización de las actividades básicas de la vida diaria y afectando a su calidad de vida. El entrenamiento en bicicleta con retroalimentación visual se presenta como una herramienta útil en el tratamiento de estas alteraciones. El objetivo del presente estudio es valorar el efecto a corto plazo del entrenamiento en bicicleta con retroalimentación visual sobre las alteraciones de la marcha en pacientes con EM. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Sesenta y un pacientes con EM con afectación leve-moderada, distribuidos aleatoriamente en un grupo control y un grupo experimental participaron en el estudio. El grupo experimental fue sometido a entrenamiento con bicicleta con biofeedback visual (sistema MOTOmed Viva2) un día en semana durante 3 meses y un programa domiciliario de ejercicios. El grupo control tuvo solo el programa domiciliario de ejercicios. Valoración mediante el sistema de análisis de marcha GAITRite ® Walkway de ambos grupos, pre, al mes y postintervención. RESULTADOS: Resultados estadísticamente significativos en el parámetro FAP del grupo experimental entre el pre y al mes (p = 0,014) y el pre y postintervención (p = 0,002). Mejoró significativamente la diferencia de la longitud de paso del grupo experimental entre el pre y post (p = 0,001) y entre el mes y el postintervención (p = 0,004). CONCLUSIONES: El tratamiento con la bicicleta mejoró a corto plazo determinados parámetros de la marcha, pudiéndose mostrar como opción terapéutica en la reeducación de la marcha en pacientes con EM

INTRODUCTION: Gait alterations are present in a high percentage of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). They appear from early stages of the disease and can limit patients' capacity to perform basic activities of daily living, affecting their quality of life. Visual biofeedback cycling training appears to be a useful tool in treating these impairments. This study aims to evaluate the short-term effect of visual biofeedback cycling training on gait in patients with MS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 61 patients with mild to moderate MS were randomly assigned to a control group and an intervention group. The intervention group received visual biofeedback cycling training (MOTOmed viva2 system) once per week for 3 months, and a home exercise program. The control group only received the home exercise program. Both groups were evaluated using the GAITRite ® Walkway gait assessment system before the intervention, during the first month of the programme, and after the intervention. RESULTS: In the intervention group, the analysis revealed statistically significant differences between Functional Ambulation Profile (FAP) scores before and during the intervention (P = .014), and before and after the intervention (P = .002). A statistically significant improvement was observed in step length in the intervention group between pre- and post-intervention scores (P = .001) and between first-month and post-intervention scores (P = .004). CONCLUSIONS: Visual biofeedback cycling training improved specific gait parameters in the short term and appears to be a therapeutic option for gait retraining in patients with MS

Effect of visual biofeedback cycling training on gait in patients with multiple sclerosis. / Efectos del entrenamiento en bicicleta con retroalimentación visual sobre la marcha en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple.

INTRODUCTION: Gait alterations are present in a high percentage of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). They appear from early stages of the disease and can limit patients' capacity to perform basic activities of daily living, affecting their quality of life. Visual biofeedback cycling training appears to be a useful tool in treating these impairments. This study aims to evaluate the short-term effect of visual biofeedback cycling training on gait in patients with MS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 61 patients with mild to moderate MS were randomly assigned to a control group and an intervention group. The intervention group received visual biofeedback cycling training (MOTOmed viva2 system) once per week for 3 months, and a home exercise program. The control group only received the home exercise program. Both groups were evaluated using the GAITRite® Walkway gait assessment system before the intervention, during the first month of the programme, and after the intervention. RESULTS: In the intervention group, the analysis revealed statistically significant differences between Functional Ambulation Profile (FAP) scores before and during the intervention (P=.014), and before and after the intervention (P=.002). A statistically significant improvement was observed in step length in the intervention group between pre- and post-intervention scores (P=.001) and between first-month and post-intervention scores (P=.004). CONCLUSIONS: Visual biofeedback cycling training improved specific gait parameters in the short term and appears to be a therapeutic option for gait retraining in patients with MS.

A Century of Change towards Prevention and Minimal Intervention in Cariology.

Better understanding of dental caries and other oral conditions has guided new strategies to prevent disease and manage its consequences at individual and public health levels. This article discusses advances in prevention and minimal intervention dentistry over the last century by focusing on some milestones within scientific, clinical, and public health arenas, mainly in cariology but also beyond, highlighting current understanding and evidence with future prospects. Dentistry was initially established as a surgical specialty. Dental caries (similar to periodontitis) was considered to be an infectious disease 100 years ago. Its ubiquitous presence and rampant nature-coupled with limited diagnostic tools and therapeutic treatment options-meant that these dental diseases were managed mainly by excising affected tissue. The understanding of the diseases and a change in their prevalence, extent, and severity, with evolutions in operative techniques, technologies, and materials, have enabled a shift from surgical to preventive and minimal intervention dentistry approaches. Future challenges to embrace include continuing the dental profession's move toward a more patient-centered, evidence-based, less invasive management of these diseases, focused on promoting and maintaining oral health in partnership with patients. In parallel, public health needs to continue to, for example, tackle social inequalities in dental health, develop better preventive and management options for existing disease risk groups (e.g., the growing aging population), and the development of reimbursement and health outcome models that facilitate implementation of these evolving strategies. A century ago, almost every treatment involved injections, a drill or scalpel, or a pair of forceps. Today, dentists have more options than ever before available to them. These are supported by evidence, have a minimal intervention focus, and result in better outcomes for patients. The profession's greatest challenge is moving this evidence into practice.

Trastornos de sueño asociados a bruxismo de sueño en niños entre 3 y 6 años de edad atendidos en la Clínica Odontológica de la Universidad Mayor de Santiago, Chile / Sleep disorders associated with sleep bruxism in children between 3 and 6 years old attended at the Dental Clinic of the University Mayor of Santiago, Chile

El bruxismo se define como una actividad repetitiva de los músculos masticatorios caracterizada por el apriete o rechinamiento dentario, y/o la tensión o desplazamiento de la mandíbula. 1 Éste tiene dos manifestaciones circadianas: Puede ocurrir durante el sueño (BS) o durante vigilia. 2 En niños, el método clínico más confiable para diagnosticarlo sigue siendo el basado en el reporte de rechinamiento por parte de sus padres o cuidadores; sin embargo, la mayoría de los niños duermen lejos de los padres. 3 Existe una dificultad diagnóstica para poder establecer la pérdida de estructura dentaria por bruxismo en niños, ya que se debe diferenciar del desgaste fisiológico que se produce en los dientes temporales. Hay una serie de trastornos de sueño, catalogados por la Clasificación Internacional de Trastornos del Sueño. 4 que se han asociado al BS. 5 , 6 , 7 El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer si existe asociación entre BS y determinados trastornos de sueño en preescolares. Se evaluaron 100 niños de la Clínica Odontológica de la Universidad Mayor de Santiago, Chile, de edades entre 3 y 6 años, mediante evaluación clínica y anamnesis consultada a padres o tutores para determinar la presencia de BS, además de encuesta "Escala de Alteraciones del Sueño en la Infancia, para preescolares". El estudio mostró una prevalencia de BS de un 47%, sin diferencia entre hombres y mujeres y una asociación de algunos de los trastornos del sueño con BS (Parasomnias, Problemas Respiratorios, Hiperhidrosis y Sueño no reparador). Como conclusión sí existe asociación entre trastornos de sueño y BS

Bruxism is defined as a repetitive activity of the chewing muscles characterized by grinding and clenching the teeth, and / or tension or displacement of the jaw 20 . This one has two circadian manifestations: It can occur during sleep (BS) or during wakefulness 12 . In children, the most reliable clinical method to diagnose is still based on the report of grinding by their parents or caregivers; however, most children sleep away from parents 10 . There is a diagnostic difficulty in establishing the loss of tooth structure due to bruxism in children, since it must be differentiated from the physiological wear that occurs in the temporary teeth. There are some sleep disorders, cataloged by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders 41 that have been associated with BS 6 , 17 ,31. The objective of this study was to establish whether there is an association between BS and sleep disorders in preschoolers. 100 children in the Odontological Clinic of the Universidad Mayor of Santiago, Chile, between 3 and 6 years old were evaluated, through clinical evaluation and anamnesis consulted to parents or guardians to determine the presence of BS, in addition to the survey "Scale of Sleep Disorder in Childhood, for preschoolers " The study showed a prevalence of BS of 47%, with no difference between boys and girls, and an association of some of the sleep disorders with BS (Parasomnias, Respiratory Problems, Hyperhidrosis and Not Restful Sleep). As a conclusion, there is an association between sleep disorders and BS

Attenuation of atherogenic apo B-48-dependent hyperlipidemia and high density lipoprotein remodeling induced by vitamin C and E combination and their beneficial effect on lethal ischemic heart disease in mice.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent and its underlying pathogenesis involves dyslipidemia including pro-atherogenic high density lipoprotein (HDL) remodeling. Vitamins C and E have been proposed as atheroprotective agents for cardiovascular disease management. However, their effects and benefits on high density lipoprotein function and remodeling are unknown. In this study, we evaluated the role of vitamin C and E on non HDL lipoproteins as well as HDL function and remodeling, along with their effects on inflammation/oxidation biomarkers and atherosclerosis in atherogenic diet-fed SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Mice were pre-treated for 5 weeks before and during atherogenic diet feeding with vitamin C and E added to water and diet, respectively. Compared to a control group, combined vitamin C and E administration reduced serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels by decreasing apo B-48-containing lipoproteins, remodeled HDL particles by reducing phospholipid as well as increasing PON1 and apo D content, and diminished PLTP activity and levels. Vitamin supplementation improved HDL antioxidant function and lowered serum TNF-α levels. Vitamin C and E combination attenuated atherogenesis and increased lifespan in atherogenic diet-fed SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin C and E administration showed significant lipid metabolism regulating effects, including HDL remodeling and decreased levels of apoB-containing lipoproteins, in mice. In addition, this vitamin supplementation generated a cardioprotective effect in a murine model of severe and lethal atherosclerotic ischemic heart disease.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging in the study of multiple sclerosis. / Imagenes de resonancia magnetica funcional en el estudio de la esclerosis multiple.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS), a neuroinflammatory and demyelinating disease, modifies the normal connectivity among different brain regions involved in specific functions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), based on local changes in oxygen level as a response to the increase in neural activity, provides an approach to neural connectivity and brain dynamics which give us an overview on visual, motor and cognitive dysfunction and their mechanisms. DEVELOPMENT: An advanced search was performed using PubMed. Terms 'fMRI', 'visual', 'motor', 'cognitive' and 'multiple sclerosis' included in title and abstract were considered. We focus on original articles available in English. Articles were included based on their abstracts, looking for those potentially useful for understanding functional changes in MS. An important amount of studies have used fMRI as a complementary tool in the study of MS and clinically relevant alterations compromising visual, motor and cognitive domains. Since the earliest stages of the disease, local activity, and global neural dynamics appear to be compromised. Even when functional performance is still preserved, a different recruitment of neural resources arises as a compensatory response to disconnection observed in the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The main findings of fMRI applied to MS are strongly related to the demyelinating nature of the disease and provide an adequate insight into the mechanisms that underlie functional alterations reported in this disease. fMRI also appears to be useful for studying disease evolution and response to treatment in MS and other disorders.

TITLE: Imagenes de resonancia magnetica funcional en el estudio de la esclerosis multiple.Introduccion. La esclerosis multiple (EM), una enfermedad neuroinflamatoria y desmielinizante, modifica la conectividad normal entre las diferentes regiones del cerebro involucradas en funciones especificas. La resonancia magnetica funcional (RMf), basada en cambios locales en el nivel de oxigeno como respuesta al aumento de la actividad neuronal, proporciona un enfoque a la conectividad neuronal y la dinamica cerebral que ofrece una vision general de la disfuncion visual, motora y cognitiva y sus mecanismos. Desarrollo. Se realizo una busqueda avanzada en PubMed considerando los terminos 'fMRI', 'visual', 'motor', 'cognitive' y 'multiple sclerosis' incluidos en el titulo y el resumen. La busqueda se centro en articulos originales disponibles en ingles, con enfasis en los utiles para comprender los cambios funcionales en la EM. Numerosos estudios han utilizado la RMf como una herramienta complementaria en el estudio de la EM y las alteraciones clinicamente relevantes de la afectacion visual, motora y cognitiva. Desde las primeras etapas de la EM, la actividad local y la dinamica neural global parecen estar afectadas. Incluso cuando el desempeño funcional aun se conserva, surge un reclutamiento diferente de los recursos neuronales como respuesta compensatoria a la desconexion observada en la enfermedad. Conclusiones. Los principales hallazgos de la RMf aplicada a la EM estan fuertemente relacionados con la naturaleza desmielinizante de la enfermedad y proporcionan una vision adecuada de los mecanismos subyacentes a las alteraciones funcionales. La RMf tambien parece ser util para estudiar la evolucion de la enfermedad y la respuesta al tratamiento en la EM y otros trastornos.

Randomised clinical trial of patient satisfaction with traditional and simplified complete dentures.

To clinically evaluate the patient satisfaction and associated costs of dentures made using a simplified procedure that eliminates assembly on the articulator and dentures made with the conventional technique. Single-blind randomised clinical trial. Forty edentulous patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. One group received dentures made using the conventional method (CG), and the other using a simplified technique (SG) that omits the use of functional impressions (with modelling compound and ZOE impression paste) and an articulator to assemble the models. Overall patient satisfaction was assessed at 3 and 6 months by means of a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The comparisons were made using a repeated measures ANOVA (P = .05). No significant differences were found in terms of the satisfaction stated by the patients or the quality of the prosthesis evaluated by a professional among the dentures made using the traditional (n = 17) and simplified (n = 21) techniques. The rehabilitation of an edentulous patient with a simplified technique for the preparation of a total prosthesis is a feasible, more economical alternative and accepted by most patients.

Antiphospholipid antibodies, steroid dose, arterial hypertension, relapses, and late-onset predict organ damage in a population of Colombian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Organ damage predicts mortality, increased accrual of detriment, and poor quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. The objective of this study is to determine the damage-free survival and its predictive factors in a population of Colombian subjects. The method used in this study is the retrospective follow-up of a cohort; damage was measured with SLICC/ACR index. Predictors of impairment were assessed by logistic regression and survival analysis. One hundred sixty-one individuals were included; 28.9% suffered damage, primarily neuropsychiatric, renal, and vascular. Arterial hypertension, antiphospholipid antibodies, prednisone dose, and number of relapses were all predictors of detriment. Onset after age 50 and daily prednisone dose higher than 7.5 mg determined earlier occurrence of damage.

Attenuation of atherogenic apo B-48-dependent hyperlipidemia and high density lipoprotein remodeling induced by vitamin C and E combination and their beneficial effect on lethal ischemic heart disease in mice

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent and its underlying pathogenesis involves dyslipidemia including pro-atherogenic high density lipoprotein (HDL) remodeling. Vitamins C and E have been proposed as atheroprotective agents for cardiovascular disease management. However, their effects and benefits on high density lipoprotein function and remodeling are unknown. In this study, we evaluated the role of vitamin C and E on non HDL lipoproteins as well as HDL function and remodeling, along with their effects on inflammation/ oxidation biomarkers and atherosclerosis in atherogenic diet-fed SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Mice were pre-treated for 5 weeks before and during atherogenic diet feeding with vitamin C and E added to water and diet, respectively. Compared to a control group, combined vitamin C and E administration reduced serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels by decreasing apo B-48-containing lipoproteins, remodeled HDL particles by reducing phospholipid as well as increasing PON1 and apo D content, and diminished PLTP activity and levels. Vitamin supplementation improved HDL antioxidant function and lowered serum TNF-α levels. Vitamin C and E combination attenuated atherogenesis and increased lifespan in atherogenic diet-fed SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin C and E administration showed significant lipid metabolism regulating effects, including HDL remodeling and decreased levels of apoB-containing lipoproteins, in mice. In addition, this vitamin supplementation generated a cardioprotective effect in a murine model of severe and lethal atherosclerotic ischemic heart disease.

"Pastillas para la tensión". La repercusión de la familia en el adolescente / "Medicines for stress". The impact of the family on the adolescent

Las relaciones padre/cuidador y niño son fundamentales y tienen un impacto significativo sobre la salud de los individuos. Estas relaciones pueden tener efectos en la protección de la salud, ser neutras o tener resultados perjudiciales. En casos extremos, estas relaciones pueden incluir maltrato o abandono, lo que tendrá consecuencias médicas y psicológicas para el individuo (1). Estas relaciones pueden llamar la atención clínica por ser el motivo de consulta del individuo o por ser un problema que afecte al curso, pronóstico o tratamiento de otro trastorno. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente que ingresa en la Unidad de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil con la finalidad de suspender la medicación antipsicótica con la que lleva 8 años y la valoración de la sintomatología durante el proceso, tras el fracaso de los intentos de retirada de forma ambulatoria. En la discusión exponemos las patologías psiquiátricas relacionadas con la familia y el caso

Parent / caregiver and child relationships are critical and have a significant impact on the health of individuals. These relationships can have effects on health. They can protect it, be neutral or have detrimental results. In extreme cases, these relationships may include abuse or neglect, which will have medical and psychological consequences for the individual (1). These relationships can be the reason for consulting the individual or they can be a problem that affects the course, prognosis or treatment of another disorder. We present the case of a patient who entered the Unit of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry with the purpose of suspending the antipsychotic medication with which it takes 8 years and the evaluation of the symptomatology during the process. In the discussion we expose the psychiatric pathologies related to the family and the case

Anorexia nerviosa y psiquiatría transcultural / Anorexia nervosa and transcultural psychiatry

Se presenta el caso de una adolescente de 16 años, descendiente de una familia de origen chino, que ingresa en la Unidad de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil por pérdida importante de peso e hipocalemia. Se realiza una revisión de las características de la psiquiatría transcultural y las consecuencias derivadas del proceso migratorio

The case that is presented is a 16 years old female descendant of a family of Chinese origin. She was admitted to the hospitalisation unit of the children's ward due to significant weight loss and hypokalemia. This article carries out a review of transcultural psychiatry and the consequences derived from the migratory process

DNA Barcoding of an Assembly of Montane Andean Butterflies (Satyrinae): Geographical Scale and Identification Performance.

DNA barcoding is a technique used primarily for the documentation and identification of biological diversity based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Butterflies have received particular attention in DNA barcoding studies, although varied performance may be obtained due to different scales of geographic sampling and speciation processes in various groups. The montane Andean Satyrinae constitutes a challenging study group for taxonomy. The group displays high richness, with more of 550 species, and remarkable morphological similarity among taxa, which renders their identification difficult. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of DNA barcodes in the identification of montane Andean satyrines and the effect of increased geographical scale of sampling on identification performance. Mitochondrial sequences were obtained from 104 specimens of 39 species and 16 genera, collected in a forest remnant in the northwest Andes. DNA barcoding has proved to be a useful tool for the identification of the specimens, with a well-defined gap and producing clusters with unambiguous identifications for all the morphospecies in the study area. The expansion of the geographical scale with published data increased genetic distances within species and reduced those among species, but did not generally reduce the success of specimen identification. Only in Forsterinaria rustica (Butler, 1868), a taxon with high intraspecific variation, the barcode gap was lost and low support for monophyly was obtained. Likewise, expanded sampling resulted in a substantial increase in the intraspecific distance in Morpho sulkowskyi (Kollar, 1850); Panyapedaliodes drymaea (Hewitson, 1858); Lymanopoda obsoleta (Westwood, 1851); and Lymanopoda labda Hewitson, 1861; but for these species, the barcode gap was maintained. These divergent lineages are nonetheless worth a detailed study of external and genitalic morphology variation, as well as ecological features, in order to determine the potential existence of cryptic species. Even including these cases, DNA barcoding performance in specimen identification was 100% successful based on monophyly, an unexpected result in such a taxonomically complicated group.

El trastorno de conducta alimentaria como fachada del síndrome de alienación parental / Eating disorders as a façade of parental alienation syndrome

Se presenta el caso de una niña de 11 años que ingresa, en dos ocasiones, en la Unidad de Psiquiatría InfantoJuvenil por restricción completa de la ingesta alimentaria. Se realiza una revisión de las características del síndrome de alienación parental. En este síndrome, un progenitor transforma la conciencia de sus hijos mediante distintas estrategias, con objeto de destruir los vínculos de éstos con su pareja, hasta hacer que la odien y la rechacen

The following is a presentation of a case about an 11-years-old girl who has been an inpatient on two occasions in the Children's Psychiatric Ward for a complete stoppage of the consumption of alimentary products. A review along the lines of a syndrome involving parental alienation is carried out. In this syndrome, a parent may transform/modify the conscious of their child through various strategies, with the objective of destroying the ties that the child may have with their partner, up to hating and rejecting them

Mortalidad evitable en los estados de la frontera del norte de México: posibles implicaciones sociales y para los servicios de salud / Avoidable mortality in the states at the northern border of Mexico: possible social implications for health care services / Mortalidade evitável nos estados da fronteira do norte do México: possíveis implicações sociais e para os serviços de saúde

OBJETIVO: analizar la mortalidad evitable en los estados de la frontera del norte de México entre 1998 y 2007 para indirectamente evaluar la calidad de los servicios de salud en la región. METODOLOGIA: se analizó la información sobre mortalidad del Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud (SINAIS). La unidad de análisis fue la causa básica de la defunción codificada según la décima revisión de la CIE. La mortalidad evitable fue clasificada según el catálogo de causas de muerte propuesto por Gómez. Se hizo un análisis exploratorio de la relación entre la mortalidad evitable y la derechohabiencia y el nivel socioeconómico de los municipios correspondientes a las muertes. RESULTADOS: la tasa de mortalidad evitable global fue de 350.2 muertes por mil habitantes en la región. La mortalidad evitable por diagnóstico y tratamiento médico precoz, violencia y VIH/SIDA tuvo tasas de 223, 60 y 5 por mil habitantes, respectivamente, presentando variaciones de magnitud, sociodemográficas y por derochohabiencia entre estados. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES: las poblaciones de los estados de la frontera norte de México se caracterizan por tener una dinámica sociodemográfica y de los servicios de salud muy intensa. Los resultados sugieren que el sistema de salud está siendo rebasado en su respuesta a una alta frecuencia de enfermedades no transmisibles. En el aspecto social existen condiciones estructurales en México que favorecen la presencia de narcotráfico y su consecuente causa de violencia y consumo de drogas ilegales que podrían estar relacionadas con la frecuencia de muertes violentas y en forma subsidiaria con las causadas por el VIH/SIDA.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze avoidable mortality between 1998 and 2007 in the border states of Northern Mexico to evaluate, indirectly, the quality of the region's health care services. METHODOLOGY: the information on mortality provided by the National Health Information System (SINAIS) was analyzed. The unit of analysis was the basic cause of death. The cause was coded in accordance with the ICD-10.Avoidable mortality was classified according to Gomez's death causes catalog. Likewise, an exploratory analysis was conducted which focused on the relationship between avoidable mortality and eligibility and the socioeconomic level of the municipalities in which the deaths took place. RESULTS :The global rate of avoidable mortality was of 350.2 deaths per 1000 inhabitants in the region. the rates of avoidable mortality by early diagnosis and medical treatment, violence, and HIV/AIDS were 223, 60 and 5 per 1000 inhabitants respectively. These causes of avoidable mortality showed variations between states in terms of magnitude, eligibility and socio-demographic characteristics. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS:The population living in the states located in the northern border of Mexico have a very intense epidemiological and sociodemographical dynamics. The results of this study suggest that the Mexican health system is being overcome by the high frequency of non-communicable diseases in this region. In social terms, Mexico has structural conditions that facilitate the development of illegal drugs traffic through the Northern states of Mexico. This could be related to the frequency of violent avoidable deaths and, in a subsidiary manner, in HIV/AIDS deaths.

OBJETIVO: analisar a mortalidade evitável nos estados da fronteira do norte do México entre 1998 e 2007 a fim de avaliar indiretamente a qualidade dos serviços de saúde na região. METODOLOGIA: foi analisada a informação sobre mortalidade do Sistema Nacional de Informação em Saúde. A unidade de análise foi a causa básica da defunção codificada segundo a décima revisão da CIE.A mortalidade evitável foi classificada de acordo com o catálogo de causas de morte proposto por Gómez. Fez-se uma análise exploratória da relação entre a mortalidade evitável e a herança dos direitos e o nível socioeconômico dos municípios correspondentes às mortes. RESULTADOS: a taxa de mortalidade evitável global foi de 350.2 mortes por mil habitantes na região. A mortalidade evitável por diagnóstico e tratamento médico precoce, violência e HIV/AIDS teve taxas de 223, 60 e 5 por mil habitantes, respectivamente, apresentando variações de magnitude, sociodemográficas e por herança de direitos entre estados. DISCUSSÕES E CONCLUSÕES: as populações dos estados da fronteira norte do México caracterizam-se por terem uma dinâmica sociodemográfica e dos serviços de saúde muito forte.Os resultados sugerem que o sistema de saúde está sendo excedido na sua resposta a uma alta frequência de doenças não transmissíveis.No aspecto social existem condições estruturais no México que favorecem a presença de tráfico de drogas, causante de violência e consumo de drogas ilegais que poderiam estar ligadas à frequência de mortes violentas e em forma subsidiária com as causadas pelo HIV/AIDS.

Oftalmoparesia dolorosa episódica asociada a rinosinusitis aguda recurrente: un caso de síndrome de Tolosa Hunt / Painful episodic ophtalmoparesis associated to acute recurrent rhinosinusitis: a case of Tolosa Hunt Syndrome

El síndrome de Tolosa Hunt es un cuadro inflamatorio del seno cavernoso, idiopático y caracterizado por uno o más episodios de dolor orbital unilateral asociado o seguido de paresia oculomotora (afección del III, IV y VI nervio craneal) y en ocasiones con compromiso de la rama maxilar del nervio trigémino. Nosotros presentamos un hombre de 27 años con episodios de oftalmoparesia dolorosa derecha concomitantes a cuadros de rinosinusitis agudas. Su estudio fue negativo y en una de sus recurrencias se encontró en la RM de alta resolución de senos cavernosos, compromiso inflamatorio con captación de gadolinio de los nervios III, IV, V2 y VI derechos. Dado los hallazgos, se planteó el diagnóstico de STH exacerbado por la rinosinusitis e inició tratamiento corticoidal prolongado.

Tolosa Hunt Syndrome is the idiopathic inflammation of cavernous sinus, characterized by one or more episodes of unilateral orbital pain followed by ophtalmoparesis (III, IV o VI nerve palsy) and sometimes the affection of maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve. We describe the case of a 27 years old man with episodes of painful right ophtalmoparesis associated with acute rhinosinusitis. On high resolution MRI there was inflammation of the III, IV, V2 and VI right nerves with gadolinium enhancement. We propose the THS diagnosis exacerbated by rhinosinusitis and started on chronic steroid therapy.