RESUMO
Volume 69, no. 2, p. 143-148, 2016. Page 143, Title should appear as shown below.An Epidemiological Investigation of a Nosocomial Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Critical Care Center in Japan, 2011-2012.
RESUMO
In 2011, a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) outbreak occurred at a Japanese critical care center (CCC) in a tertiary care hospital. Multidrug-resistance in Japan is defined as resistance to the antimicrobials amikacin, carbapenem, and fluoroquinolone. We conducted a retrospective epidemiological investigation of this outbreak to identify the risk factors for MDRAB respiratory tract acquisition in this hospital. Cases were defined as hospitalized patients with MDRAB-positive cultures at least 3 days post admission to the CCC between June 1, 2011 and April 20, 2012. Fifteen MDRAB cases were identified, including 3 with infection and 12 with colonization. This case-control study demonstrated that hypoalbuminemia along with carbapenem administration were associated with MDRAB respiratory tract acquisition. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis and multilocus sequence typing using MDRAB isolates suggested a clonal dissemination of MDRAB strains with sequence type 74 occurred primarily among patients admitted to the CCC. From April 16, 2012, a decreased isolation rate of MDRAB in the hospital occurred after the implementation of the following infection control measures: closing the emergency room, discontinuing admission to the CCC, isolating patients with MDRAB colonization or infection to single room status, and conducting environmental cleaning. No MDRAB cases were detected between March 23 and April 20, 2012.
Assuntos
Infecções por Acinetobacter/epidemiologia , Acinetobacter baumannii/isolamento & purificação , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Acinetobacter baumannii/classificação , Acinetobacter baumannii/efeitos dos fármacos , Acinetobacter baumannii/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Desinfecção , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epidemiologia Molecular , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Isolamento de Pacientes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We investigated a novel Japanese isolate of sequence type 11 (ST11), the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2 (KPC-2)-producing K. pneumoniae strain Kp3018, which was previously obtained from a patient treated at a Brazilian hospital. This strain was resistant to various antibiotic classes, including carbapenems, and harbored the gene blaKPC-2, which was present on the transferable plasmid of ca. 190 kb, in addition to the blaCTX-M-15 gene. Furthermore, the ca. 2.3-kb sequences (ISKpn8-blaKPC-2-ISKpn6-like), encompassing blaKPC-2, were found to be similar to those of K. pneumoniae strains from China.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , beta-Lactamases/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Brasil , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , China , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos/genética , Japão , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
PROBLEM: The Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred in Tohoku, Japan on 11 March 2011, was followed by a devastating tsunami and damage to nuclear power plants that resulted in radiation leakage. CONTEXT: The medical care, equipment and communication needs of four Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMAT) during four missions are discussed. DMATs are medically trained mobile teams used in the acute phase of disasters. ACTION: The DMATs conducted four missions in devastated areas from the day of the earthquake to day 10. The first and second missions were to triage, resuscitate and treat trauma victims in Tokyo and Miyagi, respectively. The third mission was to conduct emergency medicine and primary care in Iwate. The fourth was to assist with the evacuation and screening of inpatients with radiation exposure in Fukushima. OUTCOME: Triage, resuscitation and trauma expertise and equipment were required in Missions 1 and 2. Emergency medicine in hospitals and primary care in first-aid stations and evacuation areas were required for Mission 3. In Mission 4, the DMAT assisted with evacuation by ambulances and buses and screened people for radiation exposure. Only land phones and transceivers were available for Missions 1 to 3 although they were ineffective for urgent purposes. DISCUSSION: These DMAT missions showed that there are new needs for DMATs in primary care, radiation screening and evacuation after the acute phase of a disaster. Alternative methods for communication infrastructure post-disaster need to be investigated with telecommunication experts.