[Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding for the Peruvian Social Security (EsSalud)]. / Guía de práctica clínica para la evaluación y el manejo de la hemorragia digestiva alta en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud).

OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence-based clinical recommendations for the evaluation and management of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB) in the Peruvian Social Security (EsSalud). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A local guideline development group (local GDG) was established, including specialists in gastroenterology and methodologists. The local GDG formulated 11 clinical questions to be answered by this clinical practice guide (CPG). We searched and selected CPG of UGB published from 2012, which answered the posed questions and obtained a score higher than 60% in domains 1 and 3 of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE-II) tool. During September 2017, bibliographic searches were conducted in Pubmed, to update 9 clinical questions of the preselected CPGs, and to answer 2 de novo questions. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic work meetings, the local GDG reviewed the evidence and formulated the recommendations, points of good clinical practice and the flowchart of evaluation and management, using the GRADE methodology Lastly, the CPG was approved with Resolución N° 80-IETSI-ESSALUD-2017. RESULTS: This CPG addressed 11 clinical questions, divided into four themes: risk assessment, initial management, management of non-variceal UGB, and management of variceal UGB. Based on these questions, 10 recommendations (7 strong recommendations and 3 weak recommendations), 24 points of good clinical practice, and 2 flow charts were formulated. CONCLUSION: This article is the summary of the EsSalud' CPG, where the available scientific evidence on evaluation and management of UGB was evaluated.

[Perception of pain during sigmoidoscopy flexible as an additional diagnostic method for irritable bowel syndrome]. / Percepción del dolor durante la sigmoidoscopia flexible como método diagnóstico adicional de síndrome de intestino irritable.

INTRODUCTION: Visceral hypersensitivity has been proposed as a biological marker of Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pain perception during sigmoidoscopy using a visual analog scale of pain in patients with or without IBS, and to assess the pain perception as diagnostic criteria for IBS. We further assessed the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficiency of pain scores to diagnose IBS. METHODS: A prospective case-control study in patients who underwent sigmoidoscopy for the evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms. All patients completed Rome III criteria questionnaires and divided into two groups: IBS and non-IBS. All participants reported pain scores on visual analog scales after of study. Differences were evaluated. We calculated a receiver-operator characteristic curve (ROC), sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficiency. RESULTS: We analyzed 20 patients with IBS and 20 controls. The pain scores were higher in IBS patients compared with non-IBS patients (median, 52.5 vs. 27.5, p = 0.006). The area under the curve was 0.84, at pain score level of ≥ 40 mm with a sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficiency of 85%, 75% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of pain perception was higher in IBS patients than in non-IBS patients during sigmoidoscopy. A score of pain perception in ≥ 40 mm may predict the diagnosis of IBS with good sensitivity (85%) and specificity (75%).

Percepción del dolor durante la sigmoidoscopia flexible como método diagnóstico adicional de síndrome de intestino irritable / Perception of pain during the flexible sigmoidoscopy as additional diagnostic method of irritable bowel syndrome

INTRODUCCIÓN: ante la ausencia de medidas objetivas para realizar el diagnóstico de Síndrome de Intestino Irritable (SII) se plantea el uso de la hipersensibilidad visceral como marcador biológico de la enfermedad. OBJETIVO: evaluar la percepción de dolor durante la sigmoidoscopia flexible mediante el uso de una escala analógica visual del dolor en pacientes con SII, además de valorar la percepción del dolor como criterio diagnóstico de ayuda al SII mediante la sensibilidad, especificidad y eficiencia diagnóstica de un valor de corte. METODOLOGÍA: se realizó un estudio prospectivo, tipo casos y controles, en pacientes con indicación para estudio sigmoidoscópico con y sin SII, para valorar la percepción del dolor después del examen mediante el empleo de una escala analógica visual. Se evaluaron las diferencias y se confeccionó una curva ROC, además de establecer la sensibilidad, especificidad y eficiencia diagnóstica. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 20 pacientes con SII y 20 controles. El score de percepción del dolor fue mayor en los pacientes SII comparados con los pacientes no SII (mediana, 52.5 vs 27.5, p=0.006). El área bajo la curva fue de 0.84, determinándose un punto de corte en ≥ 40mm con una sensibilidad, especificidad y eficiencia diagnóstica de 85%, 75% y 80% respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes con SII experimentan mayor percepción del dolor durante la sigmoidoscopia. Un valor de percepción del dolor en ≥ 40mm puede predecir el diagnóstico del SII con una buena sensibilidad (85%) y especificidad (75%).

INTRODUCTION: Visceral hypersensitivity has been proposed as a biological marker of Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pain perception during sigmoidoscopy using a visual analog scale of pain in patients with or without IBS, and to asess the pain perception as diagnostic criteria for IBS. We further assessed the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficiency of pain scores to diagnose IBS. METHODS: A prospective case-control study in patients who underwent sigmoidoscopy for the evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms. All patients completed Rome III criteria questionnaries and divided into two groups: IBS and non-IBS. All participants reported pain scores on visual analog scales after of study. Differences were evaluated. We calculated a receiver-operator characteristic curve (ROC), sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficiency. RESULTS: We analyzed 20 patients with IBS and 20 controls. The pain scores were higher in IBS patients compared with non-IBS patients (median, 52.5 vs. 27.5, p = 0.006). The area under the curve was 0.84, at pain score level of ≥ 40 mm with a sensivity, specificity and diagnostic efficiency of 85%, 75% ando 80%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of pain perception was higher in IBS patients than in non-IBS patients during sigmoidoscopy. A score of pain perception in ≥ 40 mm may predict the diagnosis of IBS with good sensivity (85%) and specificity (75%).