The family Opilioacaridae (Parasitiformes: Opilioacarida) in Mexico, description of two new species, new records, and geographical distribution.

Two new species of Neocarus (Opilioacarida: Opilioacaridae), N. haicolous n. sp. and N. queretanus n. sp., are described from mesophyll and pine-oak forests in the state of Querétaro, central Mexico. One species was described from adults and tritonymphs. Distribution and habitat preferences of all known collections of Opilioacarida are reviewed. In Mexico, they have been collected in all habitats, from semideserts areas to tropical forest and from to sea level in dunes to high temperate and cloud forest.

Oblitoma en la cirugía ginecoobstétrica: un problema creciente. Reporte de un caso / Oblitoma in obstetric and gynecologic surgery: a growing problem

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: Los oblitomas, u objetos extraños retenidos en el abdomen posterior a una cirugía, son consecuencia de una iatrogenia que causa morbilidad, dificultad diagnóstica, problemas médico-legales, y complicaciones para las pacientes, el médico y la institución hospitalaria. CASO CLINICO: Paciente de 27 años de edad, con un cuerpo extraño retenido en la cavidad abdominal (bulbo de la cánula de Yankauer), olvidado durante una cesárea de urgencia. El diagnóstico y tratamiento fueron expeditos, con reintervención quirúrgica para extraer el cuerpo extraño, sin complicaciones y con evolución satisfactoria de la paciente. CONCLUSIONES: El estudio actual de los oblitomas u objetos extraños retenidos es un problema creciente, con estadísticas en contra, sobre todo asociadas con elevada frecuencia de cesáreas y alta prevalencia de obesidad materna durante el embarazo, esto debe alertar a los ginecoobstetras a conducirse con más cuidado para evitar este tipo de accidentes.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Oblitomas or retained surgical items (RSI) in the abdominal cavity after surgery are cause of iatrogenic medical problems, that origin high morbidity, difficult diagnosis and medical malpractice claims to may lead complications to patients, physicians included to hospital. CLINICAL CASE: We report an exceptional case, in a 27-year-old women, with a bulb of Yankahuer cannula retained in abdominal cavity, Forgotten during an emergency cesarean section. The diagnosis and management was realized with opportunity, avoiding complications. CONCLUSION: Actually, the study of oblitoma or foreign objects retained that's considered a growing problem, with statistics against it, mainly associated with high frequency of cesarean sections and high prevalence of maternal obesity during pregnancy. In fact, that situation place the gynecologists and obstetricians at a latent risk for this event. It is important to know the predisposing factors for its prevention and to implement institutional programs to reduce complications.

The cyclic-di-GMP diguanylate cyclase CdgA has a role in biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide production in Azospirillum brasilense.

In bacteria, proteins containing GGDEF domains are involved in production of the second messenger c-di-GMP. Here we report that the cdgA gene encoding diguanylate cyclase A (CdgA) is involved in biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7. Biofilm quantification using crystal violet staining revealed that inactivation of cdgA decreased biofilm formation. In addition, confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of green-fluorescent protein-labeled bacteria showed that, during static growth, the biofilms had differential levels of development: bacteria harboring a cdgA mutation exhibited biofilms with considerably reduced thickness compared with those of the wild-type Sp7 strain. Moreover, DNA-specific staining and treatment with DNase I, and epifluorescence studies demonstrated that extracellular DNA and EPS are components of the biofilm matrix in Azospirillum. After expression and purification of the CdgA protein, diguanylate cyclase activity was detected. The enzymatic activity of CdgA-producing cyclic c-di-GMP was determined using GTP as a substrate and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD(+)) and Mg(2)(+) as cofactors. Together, our results revealed that A. brasilense possesses a functional c-di-GMP biosynthesis pathway.

The family Opilioacaridae (Parasitiformes: Opilioacarida) in Mexico, description of two new species and notes on biology and geographical distribution.

Two new species of Opilioacaridae from Mexico are described, Neocarus chactemalensis sp. nov. and N. comalensis sp. nov., and new records for N. texanus Chamberlin & Mulaik and N. veracruzensis Vazquez & Klompen are presented. Relative positions of internal structures of the ovipositor, a highly variable character, are described based on comparisons of invaginated and evaginated ovipositors. A study of records of Opilioacaridae in Mexico shows that the group is distributed across a wide range of ecosystems and elevations, from dry, semi-desert to wet tropical forest, and coastal plains to the altiplano (>2,000 m).

Brasilacarus cocaris (Acari: Opilioacaridae), a new genus and species from Amazonia, Brazil.

A new genus and species of Opilioacaridae, Brasilacarus cocaris n. gen., n. sp., is described from adult females and males from Manaus, Brazil. Brief descriptions of damaged tritonymphs and deutonymphs are also provided. The new genus appears to be related to Caribeacarus but possess a unique group of additional strongly modified setae on the tibiotarsus. 

A new genus and two new species of Opilioacaridae (Acari: Parasitiformes) from Amazonia, Brazil with a key to world genera.

Collections of Opilioacaridae made close to 50 years ago in Manaus in the Amazonian Region have allowed the description of a new genus and two new species from Brazil, Amazonacarus setosus n.gen, n.sp. and A. paraensis n.gen, n.sp. These species show a unique combination of characters in the Opilioacaridae: a high number of foliate setae (10) on the palp tarsus with each seta bearing many lobes (6-7), a group of large, serrate setae (26-31) on the palp tibia (this group of setae is much smaller in other species), and 5-7 dorsal setae on idiosomal segment XVIII. Indiacarus and some Opilioacarus show 3-5 setae on segment XVIII, but these genera (and Caribeacarus) have fewer foliate setae on the palp (3-4). Females of Amazonacarus have an ovipositor of the "complex" type, with spiny projections and 2-4 genital setae, while males have two pairs of rounded, large glands.

Análisis del comportamiento de la dotación fija de medicamentos con base en indicadores institucionales / Behavior with base to institutional indicators of the fixed medicine dowries

Introducción: Los medicamentos son recursos materiales indispensables en la prestación de servicios de salud en la atención médica, las instituciones deben contar con un sistema de suministro que les permita garantizar la satisfacción del usuario, mediante un control que regule la administración de los insumos terapéuticos. El directivo de enfermería participa directamente en el proceso, contribuyendo en el manejo y buen uso que permite cumplir adecuadamente el tratamiento. Objetivo: Identificar el comportamiento con base a indicadores institucionales de las dotaciones fijas de medicamentos. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo a partir de los medicamentos prescritos de la hoja de indicaciones médicas, tomando como referencia lo establecido en el cuadro básico institucional y seleccionando los 20 medicamentos de mayor demanda. Con los datos obtenidos se determinaron los indicadores de suficiencia, nivel de abastecimiento y nivel de inversión aplicando las fórmulas establecidas en la normativa institucional, se procesó la información en una base de datos y se analizó con estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La suficiencia de la dotación fija fue de 57%; con relaciona la cantidad de medicamentos que se surten el nivel de abastecimiento fue en promedio de 93%, la cantidad de medicamentos que existe en los servicios fue de 143% en el nivel de inversión. Discusión y conclusiones: La participación del directivo de enfermería en la ejecución de los sistemas de control desde la primera etapa de proceso solicitud-abasto, se sustenta en la importancia de mantener y controlar la disponibilidad del recurso, indicar las dotaciones fijas, solicitar con base a consumos reales y propiciar que el medicamento suficiente permanezca en los servicios.

Introduction: The medicines are indispensable material resources that constitute a benefit of the services of health in the medical attention, the institutions must count on a system of provision that allows to guarantee the satisfaction them of the user, by means of a control that regulates the administration of the therapeutic insumos. The nursing director directly participates in the process, contributing in the handling and good use that allows to fulfill the treatment suitably. Objective: To identify the Behavior with Base to Institutional Indicators of the Fixed Medicine Dowries. Material and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study by means of the data collection from prescribed medicines of the leaf of medical indications, taking like reference the established thing in institutional the basic picture, selecting 20 medicines of greater demand. With the collected data the indicators of sufficiency, level of supplying and level of investment were determined applying the formulas established in the institutional norm, processing the information in a data base in Excel system handling like statistical measurement average and percentage. Results: The sufficiency of the dowry fixes is of 57%, in relation to the amount of medicines that provide the supplying level was in average of 93%, in the amount of medicines that exists in the services I am observed 143% in the level of investment. Discussion and Conclusions: I know found that the availability of the resource exists, indicating that the fixed dowries are in favor of above of the real consumptions causing that the medicine remains without movement or it is stored. Sustaining to the importance of the participation of the director of infirmary in the execution of the systems of control from the first stage of process request supply.

[Preeclampsia-eclampsia: a change in utero-placental microcirculation. Immunologic, histologic, and biochemical features]. / Preeclampsia-eclampsia: una alteración en la microcirculación útero-placentaria. Aspectos inmunológicos, histológicos y bioquímicos.

BACKGROUND: To know the alterations in the microcirculation of the placenta, umbilical cord, as well as the immune and hemorrheologic disorders in preeclampsia-eclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two groups were conformed, 30 patients each, all of them with pregnancy of more than 24-week gestation. Group A included patients with preeclampsia-eclampsia and group B (control group) included women with normal pregnancy. In all patients determinations of levels of platelets, fibrinogen, antinuclear antibodies, IgG and IgM anticardiolipin, VDRL were made; clotting times were determined, and histopathologic analyses (placenta, umbilical cord and uterus-placenta membranes) were performed. RESULTS: Platelet levels in the group A were normal in 40% and low in 60%. In group B they were normal in 83.3% and low in 16.7%. with p < 0.05. In group A fibrinogen was normal in 10% and high in 90%; in the group B it was normal in 62.1% and high 37.9%, with p < 0.05. In group A prothrombin time (PT) was normal in 40% and high in 60%; in group B it was normal in 76.7% and low in 23.3%, with p < 0.05. in group TPT was normal in 36.7% and high in 62.1%, with p > 0.05. VDRL was negative in the 100% of the women of group A and positive in the 3.3% of the controls with p > 0.05. The antinuclear antibodies were positive in 6.7% in group A, and in 23.3% in group B, p < 0.05. IgG anticardiolipin antibodies were negatives in the 100% in both groups and IgM antibodies were negative in 96.7% in the group B and 3.3% in group A, p > 0.05. Analysis of histopathologic and immune changes did not show statistic significance when comparing both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Statistical and clinical significance was observed only in the hemorrheologic changes (PT, TPT, fibrinogen and platelets) and in the newborn weight.