Innovaciones en los métodos de formación continuada/permanente de las enfermeras de cuidados intensivos / Innovations in continuing/permanent education methods for the intensive care nurses

La enfermería intensiva desarrolla su actividad en un entorno sumamente dinámico y cambiante, caracterizado por la incorporación constante de nuevas tecnologías asistenciales, nuevos enfoques de los cuidados y una demanda ciudadana de seguridad, participación y transparencia. En este contexto la formación continuada/permanente de la enfermería intensiva en la adquisición de competencias es imprescindible; para ello en la actualidad es recomendable incorporar la simulación y el aprendizaje basado en problemas como métodos para entrenar sus competencias, a la vez que debe investigar sobre conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes necesarios para incrementar su conocimiento intelectual. Las características de las UCI y de sus profesionales de la enfermería le debería permitir encarar un cambio profundo en una nueva visión de la formación continuada/permanente

Intensive care nursing is carried out in a dynamic environment characterized by the continuous incorporation of new technologies, approaches to care and a request for safety, participation and transparency by the public. Continuing/permanent intensive care nursing training in the acquisition of new competencies is key in this setting. In order to achieve this goal, simulation and problem based learning should be incorporated as essential methodologies to teach these skills. At the same time research should be done on which attitudes, competences and knowledge are necessary to increase their intellectual knowledge. The core characteristics of ICU and its nursing should allow a deep change in their approach to continuing/permanent nursing education

[Innovations in continuing/permanent education methods for the intensive care nurses]. / Innovaciones en los métodos de formación continuada/permanente de las enfermeras de cuidados intensivos.

Intensive care nursing is carried out in a dynamic environment characterized by the continuous incorporation of new technologies, approaches to care and a request for safety, participation and transparency by the public. Continuing/permanent intensive care nursing training in the acquisition of new competencies is key in this setting. In order to achieve this goal, simulation and problem based learning should be incorporated as essential methodologies to teach these skills. At the same time research should be done on which attitudes, competences, and knowledge are necessary to increase their intellectual knowledge. The core characteristics of ICU and its nursing should allow a deep change in their approach to continuing/permanent nursing education.

Efecto de la música sobre la ansiedad y el dolor en pacientes con ventilación mecánica / Effect of music on anxiety and pain in patients with mechanical ventilation

Resumen La capacidad de la música para aliviar la ansiedad o el dolor ha sido utilizada ampliamente a lo largo de la historia. Objetivo Examinar los efectos de la música sobre la ansiedad y el dolor en pacientes con ventilación mecánica invasiva. Diseño Un ensayo aleatorizado controlado con medidas repetidas. Material y método estudio prospectivo experimental con distribución aleatoria, en un hospital universitario de tercer nivel, de enero de 2009 a junio de 2010. La muestra fue de 44 participantes. La intervención consistió en una sesión musical de 30min, con auriculares, en habitación individual. Al grupo control se le mantuvo sin ningún cambio en el entorno habitual de una unidad de cuidados intensivos. A cada paciente se le realizaron un mínimo de 3 y un máximo de 5 sesiones musicales. La música fue escogida por el paciente entre una selección musical preparada por el equipo investigador. La ansiedad, el dolor y las variables hemodinámicas frecuencia cardiaca, frecuencia respiratoria, tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica se midieron en el momento basal, tras la sesión musical y una hora después de la audición musical. Resultados La musicoterapia disminuyó significativamente la ansiedad (p=0,000), medida con la escala de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo (STAI). No hubo diferencia significativa en los niveles de dolor (p=0,157), medida con la escala visual analógica. No se demostró efecto sumativo a lo largo de las múltiples sesiones. Conclusión La música reduce la ansiedad en los pacientes con ventilación mecánica invasiva, pudiéndose establecer como una herramienta no farmacológica a añadir a las opciones terapéuticas de las cuales disponemos (AU)

Abstract The power of music to relieve anxiety or pain has been widely used throughout history. Objective To evaluate effects of music on anxiety and pain in patients on invasive mechanical ventilation. Design A randomized controlled trial with repeated measures. Material and method This was a randomized, experimental prospective study in a tertiary hospital conducted from January 2009 to June 2010. The sample was made up of 44 participants. Intervention consisted in a 30-minute musical session in which the subject used a headset and was in an individual room. For the control group, the usual setting of an intensive care unit was maintained unchanged. Each patient underwent a minimum of 3 and maximum of 5 sessions. The patient per se selected the music from among a selection prepared by the investigator team. Anxiety and pain and hemodynamic variables of heart rate, respiratory rate systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured at baseline, after the music session and then one-hour later. Results Music therapy significantly decreased anxiety score (P=.000) when measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scale. There were no differences in pain in the experimental group (P=.157) when measured with the visual analogue scale. No summative effects were demonstrated during multiple sessions. Conclusion Music reduces anxiety in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation. Invasive mechanical ventilation can be established as a non-pharmacologic tool added to the available therapeutic options (AU)

[Effect of music on anxiety and pain in patients with mechanical ventilation]. / Efecto de la música sobre la ansiedad y el dolor en pacientes con ventilación mecánica.

UNLABELLED: The power of music to relieve anxiety or pain has been widely used throughout history. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of music on anxiety and pain in patients on invasive mechanical ventilation. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial with repeated measures. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This was a randomized, experimental prospective study in a tertiary hospital conducted from January 2009 to June 2010. The sample was made up of 44 participants. Intervention consisted in a 30-minute musical session in which the subject used a headset and was in an individual room. For the control group, the usual setting of an intensive care unit was maintained unchanged. Each patient underwent a minimum of 3 and maximum of 5 sessions. The patient per se selected the music from among a selection prepared by the investigator team. Anxiety and pain and hemodynamic variables of heart rate, respiratory rate systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured at baseline, after the music session and then one-hour later. RESULTS: Music therapy significantly decreased anxiety score (P=.000) when measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scale. There were no differences in pain in the experimental group (P=.157) when measured with the visual analogue scale. No summative effects were demonstrated during multiple sessions. CONCLUSION: Music reduces anxiety in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation. Invasive mechanical ventilation can be established as a non-pharmacologic tool added to the available therapeutic options.