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1.
Eat Weight Disord ; 26(8): 2531-2544, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33544361

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The term orthorexia nervosa (ON) was coined to describe altered thoughts and behaviours related to healthy eating. The prevalence of ON was found to scale up to almost 90% among high-risk populations (ballet dancers, athletes, and health workers). ON seem to share psychopathological aspects with both Eating Disorders (ED) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The aim of the study was to analyse the frequency and intensity of ON symptoms among subjects diagnosed with OCD, hypothesising that they would be higher than in two control groups (subjects with anxiety-depressive disorders and general population). METHODS: We conducted a multi-centre, observational, controlled study. Subjects filled in a socio-demographic questionnaire including questions related to life-style and two psychometric instruments: ORTO-15, for ON symptoms, and OCI-R, for OCD symptoms. Post hoc analysis of the dataset was performed using the revised version of ORTO-15, the ORTO-R. RESULTS: In the final sample of 328 subjects, the overall prevalence of ORTO-15-ON was 59.5%, mean score 37.9 ± 4.2. The mean score at the ORTO-R was 16.6 ± 4.6. No statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of ON or in the mean ORTO-15 score among OCD patients and the two control groups, and this was confirmed by the multiple regression analysis. At the ORTO-R re-scoring, OCD patients scored significantly lower than the two clinical subgroups (p = .0005) and a lower ORTO-R score was associated to positivity at the OCI-R, confirming the initial hypothesis of the study. CONCLUSIONS: ON symptoms do seem to be more prevalent among subjects suffering from OCD. The psychometric properties of tools available to calculate ON symptoms, namely ORTO-15 vs. ORTO-R, play a relevant role in explaining such finding. ORTO-R seems to be a valid alternative able to overcome such difficulties, though further studies are needed to confirm this.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo , Comportamento Alimentar , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/epidemiologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Humanos , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/epidemiologia , Psicometria , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
J Virol ; 90(23): 10660-10669, 2016 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27654300

RESUMO

Bank vole is a rodent species that shows differential susceptibility to the experimental transmission of different prion strains. In this work, the transmission features of a panel of diverse prions with distinct origins were assayed both in bank vole expressing methionine at codon 109 (Bv109M) and in transgenic mice expressing physiological levels of bank vole PrPC (the BvPrP-Tg407 mouse line). This work is the first systematic comparison of the transmission features of a collection of prion isolates, representing a panel of diverse prion strains, in a transgenic-mouse model and in its natural counterpart. The results showed very similar transmission properties in both the natural species and the transgenic-mouse model, demonstrating the key role of the PrP amino acid sequence in prion transmission susceptibility. However, differences in the PrPSc types propagated by Bv109M and BvPrP-Tg407 suggest that host factors other than PrPC modulate prion strain features. IMPORTANCE: The differential susceptibility of bank voles to prion strains can be modeled in transgenic mice, suggesting that this selective susceptibility is controlled by the vole PrP sequence alone rather than by other species-specific factors. Differences in the phenotypes observed after prion transmissions in bank voles and in the transgenic mice suggest that host factors other than the PrPC sequence may affect the selection of the substrain replicating in the animal model.


Assuntos
Arvicolinae/genética , Arvicolinae/fisiologia , Proteínas PrPC/patogenicidade , Doenças Priônicas/etiologia , Príons/patogenicidade , Animais , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Bovinos , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/etiologia , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/genética , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/transmissão , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Proteínas PrPC/genética , Proteínas PrPC/fisiologia , Doenças Priônicas/genética , Doenças Priônicas/transmissão , Príons/genética , Príons/fisiologia , Ovinos , Especificidade da Espécie
3.
J Environ Biol ; 33(2): 155-7, 2012 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23033673

RESUMO

This report describes a pandemic A/H1N1 (H1N1 pdm) virus outbreak occurred in December, 2009 in a swine farm used as research facility (Istituto Mediterraneo Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione) for preclinical studies, located in Sicily, Italy. All the 13 pigs of the farm, showed cough, fever, inappetence and weakness. At the same time, an unvaccinated worker of the stabling showed influenza-like symptoms. RNAv extracted from two swabs collected from infected pigs resulted positive by Real Time RT-PCR for Influenza A virus. Furthermore, after growth on embryonated eggs, viral isolates were identified by Real Time RT-PCR specific for H1N1 pdm virus and characterized antigenically. Sequencing of the whole genome was also performed. All sera taken from animals and from the worker were tested by a competitive influenza A ELISA and by the haemoagglutination inhibition test. Serological findings confirmed the circulation of influenza virus H1N1 pdm in pigs and the presence of specific antibodies against H1N1 pdm in human serum. The results of this study seem to support a H1N1 pdm transmission from man to animals showing the importance of serological and virological investigation to control the pig farms and the importance of close cooperation between the different authorities like veterinarian and human public.


Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/classificação , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Animais , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Feminino , Humanos , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/virologia , Pandemias , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Sicília/epidemiologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia
4.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 40(14): 6461-76, 2012 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22495934

RESUMO

The transcription factor Sox2 is essential for neural stem cells (NSC) maintenance in the hippocampus and in vitro. The transcription factor Emx2 is also critical for hippocampal development and NSC self-renewal. Searching for 'modifier' genes affecting the Sox2 deficiency phenotype in mouse, we observed that loss of one Emx2 allele substantially increased the telencephalic ß-geo (LacZ) expression of a transgene driven by the 5' or 3' Sox2 enhancer. Reciprocally, Emx2 overexpression in NSC cultures inhibited the activity of the same transgene. In vivo, loss of one Emx2 allele increased Sox2 levels in the medial telencephalic wall, including the hippocampal primordium. In hypomorphic Sox2 mutants, retaining a single 'weak' Sox2 allele, Emx2 deficiency substantially rescued hippocampal radial glia stem cells and neurogenesis, indicating that Emx2 functionally interacts with Sox2 at the stem cell level. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays and transfection indicated that Emx2 represses the activities of both Sox2 enhancers. Emx2 bound to overlapping Emx2/POU-binding sites, preventing binding of the POU transcriptional activator Brn2. Additionally, Emx2 directly interacted with Brn2 without binding to DNA. These data imply that Emx2 may perform part of its functions by negatively modulating Sox2 in specific brain areas, thus controlling important aspects of NSC function in development.


Assuntos
Elementos Facilitadores Genéticos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1/genética , Telencéfalo/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Alelos , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células Cultivadas , Genes Reporter , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Células-Tronco Neurais/citologia , Células-Tronco Neurais/metabolismo , Fatores do Domínio POU/antagonistas & inibidores , Fatores do Domínio POU/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética
5.
Res Vet Sci ; 88(3): 478-85, 2010 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20031179

RESUMO

Nor98 is an atypical scrapie strain characterized by a molecular pattern and brain distribution of the pathological prion protein (PrP(Sc)) different from classical scrapie. In Italy, 69 atypical cases have been identified so far and all were characterized as Nor98 strain. In this paper we report an unusual case in a sheep which showed immunohistochemical and molecular features of PrP(Sc) different from the other atypical cases. The sheep was from an outbreak where the index and the other four cases were affected by classical scrapie. Histopathological, immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses on the brain of the unusual case revealed the simultaneous presence of pathological features characteristic of Nor98 and classical scrapie. Interestingly, the prevalent disease phenotype in the brainstem was classical scrapie-like, while in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum the Nor98 phenotype was dominant. The sub-mandibular lymph node was positive and showed a PrP(Sc) molecular pattern referable to classical scrapie. The PrP genotype was AL(141)RQ/AF(141)RQ. Taken together, the occurrence of classical scrapie in the outbreak, the PrP genotype, the involvement of different cellular targets in the brain and the pathological and molecular PrP(Sc) features observed suggest that this unusual case may result from the co-existence of Nor98 and classical scrapie.


Assuntos
Scrapie/diagnóstico , Animais , Western Blotting , Encéfalo/patologia , Tronco Encefálico/patologia , Córtex Cerebral/patologia , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/genética , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/transmissão , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Cabras , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Itália/epidemiologia , Linfonodos/patologia , Proteínas PrPSc/genética , Proteínas PrPSc/isolamento & purificação , Scrapie/epidemiologia , Scrapie/genética , Scrapie/patologia , Ovinos/genética
6.
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci ; 849(1-2): 302-6, 2007 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17008136

RESUMO

The conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) into a misfolded isoform (PrP(TSE)) that accumulates in the brain of affected individuals is the key feature of transmissible spongiform encephalopaties (TSEs). Susceptibility to TSEs is influenced by polymorphisms of the prion gene suggesting that the presence of certain amino acid residues may facilitate the pathological conversion. In this work, we describe a quantitative, fast and reliable HPLC-MS method that allowed to demonstrate that in the brain of 109(Met/Ile) heterozygous bank voles infected with the mouse adapted scrapie strain 139A, there are comparable amounts of PrP(TSE) with methionine or isoleucine in position 109, suggesting that in this TSE model the two allotypes have similar rates of accumulation. This method can be easily adapted for the quantitative determination of PrP allotypes in the brain of other natural or experimental TSE models.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Príons/química , Animais , Arvicolinae , Western Blotting , Encéfalo/patologia , Camundongos , Proteínas PrPC/análise , Proteínas PrPC/química , Proteínas PrPSc/análise , Proteínas PrPSc/química , Príons/análise
7.
J Chromatogr A ; 1081(1): 122-6, 2005 Jul 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16013608

RESUMO

Cerebral formation of the pathological isoform of the prion protein (PrP) is a crucial molecular event in prion diseases. The bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) is a rodent species highly susceptible to natural scrapie. The PrP gene of bank vole is polymorphic (Met/Ile) at codon 109. Here we show that homozygous 109Met/Met voles have incubation times shorter than heterozygous 109Met/Ile voles after experimental challenge with three different scrapie isolates. An HPLC-MS/MS method was optimized and applied to investigate whether in heterozygous animals both PrP allotypes are able to undergo pathological conversion. The results demonstrate that both allotypes of the prion protein participate to pathological deposition.


Assuntos
Príons/análise , Príons/genética , Scrapie/patologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Arvicolinae , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Cricetinae , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Mesocricetus , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Polimorfismo Genético , Alinhamento de Sequência
8.
Arch Virol ; 150(10): 1959-76, 2005 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15931459

RESUMO

The application of a selective culling programme in two scrapie affected flocks of Massese breed sheep is described. The genetic susceptibility of this breed and the sensitivity of different diagnostic methods in the pre-clinical diagnosis of scrapie were also investigated. Overall, 2,068 clinically healthy sheep underwent PrP genotyping, providing the basis for selective culling. The prevalence of scrapie infection was investigated in susceptible sheep by two independent diagnostic methods. All the sheep older than 18 months (n = 620) were tested by Prionics Check Western rapid test on the obex, with a prevalence of infection of 3.9%. Furthermore, 385 sheep underwent immunohistochemistry (IHC) on retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN), with a prevalence of infection of 5.2%. Overall, 32 sheep were diagnosed with pre-clinical scrapie. Of these, 31 were positive by Western blot on the spleen, 29 by IHC on the RPLN and tonsil, 28 by IHC on the obex, 24 by rapid test, and only 18 by IHC on the third eyelid. All the scrapie positive sheep were of the ARQ/ARQ, ARQ/AHQ or ARQ/VRQ genotypes. No significant differences in scrapie prevalence were observed among these genotypes. The estimated risk of the three targeted alleles was also similar, suggesting that in this breed the VRQ allele was not at higher risk for scrapie, compared to the ARQ and AHQ alleles.


Assuntos
Proteínas PrPSc/genética , Príons/genética , Scrapie/genética , Scrapie/prevenção & controle , Ovinos/genética , Alelos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Western Blotting , DNA/genética , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Genótipo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Itália/epidemiologia , Proteínas PrPSc/isolamento & purificação , Príons/isolamento & purificação , Scrapie/diagnóstico , Scrapie/epidemiologia
9.
Mol Cell Probes ; 18(1): 33-7, 2004 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15036367

RESUMO

Scrapie is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) which affects sheep and goats. TSEs are characterised by the conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) into the pathological form PrP(Sc). The occurrence of scrapie in sheep is influenced by polymorphisms in the PrP gene; in particular, three codons (136, 154 and 171) are important in conditioning the susceptibility/resistance of sheep to the disease, with the Val/Val(136) Arg/Arg(154) Gln/Gln(171) genotype being the most susceptible and the Ala/Ala(136) Arg/Arg(154) Arg/Arg(171), the most resistant one. The latter genotype seems to confer, in sheep, resistance to the oral infection with bovine spongiform encephalopathy, as well. The selection of genetically resistant sheep populations represents the basis of the recent strategies against ovine TSE in the European Union (EU). Herein, we describe a rapid and simple method, based on the primer extension technique, for PrP genotype determination at codons 136, 154 and 171. Intra-laboratory validation of the method showed accuracy levels comparable to those of sequencing analysis. Such method could be used for both the application of the EU policies requiring PrP genotype analysis in all ovine TSE cases, and the large-scale genotyping claimed by the implementation of breeding programmes for genetic resistance to TSE in sheep.


Assuntos
Primers do DNA/normas , Testes Genéticos/métodos , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico , Príons/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Códon , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Doenças Priônicas/genética , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Ovinos
10.
Appl Spectrosc ; 57(2): 132-8, 2003 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14610948

RESUMO

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been developed as a noninvasive tool for the direct, real-time monitoring of glucose, lactic acid, acetic acid, and biomass in liquid cultures of microrganisms of the genera Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus. This was achieved employing a steam-sterilizable optical-fiber probe immersed in the culture (In-line Interactance System). Second-derivative spectra obtained were subjected to partial least-squares (PLS) regression and the results were used to build predictive models for each analyte of interest. Multivariate regression was carried out on two different sets of spectra, namely whole broth minus the spectral subtraction of water, and raw spectra. A comparison of the two models showed that the first cannot be properly applied to real-time monitoring, so this work suggests calibration based on non-difference spectra, demonstrating it to be sufficiently reliable to allow the selective determination of the analytes with satisfactory levels of prediction (standard error of prediction (SEP) < 10%). Direct interfacing of the NIR system to the bioreactor control system allowed the implementation of completely automated monitoring of different cultivation strategies (continuous, repeated batch). The validity of the in-line analyses carried out was found to depend crucially on maintaining constant hydrodynamic conditions of the stirred cultures because both gas flow and stirring speed variations were found to markedly influence the spectral signal.


Assuntos
Reatores Biológicos , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica/instrumentação , Lactobacillus/química , Lactobacillus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Staphylococcus/química , Staphylococcus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ácido Acético/análise , Algoritmos , Biomassa , Técnicas de Cultura de Células/instrumentação , Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Fermentação/fisiologia , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica/métodos , Glucose/análise , Ácido Láctico/análise , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Sistemas On-Line , Fibras Ópticas , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/instrumentação , Transdutores
11.
Vet Res Commun ; 27 Suppl 1: 31-8, 2003 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14535366

RESUMO

The genotype of the host plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). In this respect, the most important factor is represented by the gene of the prion protein (PrP). The present work summarizes the currently available knowledge on the genetic basis of TSEs focusing, in particular, on sheep scrapie. Interest in this disease has grown markedly following the discovery of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, both for scientific and health reasons. In Italy, specific research grants from the Ministry of Health and the National Research Council (CNR), together with cooperation between the Istituto Superiore di Sanità and the Istituti Zooprofilattici Sperimentali, have allowed us to study the PrP genotype and to investigate the genetic susceptibility to scrapie in the most important Italian sheep breeds, with special reference to Sarda, Comisana and Massese. The PrP genotype in relation to scrapie susceptibility was also studied in goats of Ionica breed.


Assuntos
Doenças Priônicas/genética , Doenças Priônicas/veterinária , Animais , Genótipo , Itália/epidemiologia , Polimorfismo Genético , Doenças Priônicas/epidemiologia , Príons/genética , Ruminantes , Scrapie/genética , Ovinos
13.
Dermatology ; 205(3): 293-7;discussion 296-7, 2002.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12399681

RESUMO

We describe the case of a 37-year-old male patient who in 1992 started developing a skin eruption characterized by dark red to red-yellow papulonodular lesions that showed no tendency to spontaneous resolution. Visceral organs were not involved and the lipid pattern was basically normal. Histological examination revealed an infiltrate in the mid and upper dermis mainly consisting of mononucleated and multinucleated histiocytes with an abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and a ground glass appearance, admixed with numerous xanthomatized cells and Touton and foreign-body giant cells. Immunohistochemical studies showed positivity for CD68 and negativity for CD1a and S-100 protein, whereas at the electron microscopy level the only peculiar finding was the presence of many desmosome-like junctions. The authors believe this to be a borderline form between papular xanthoma and reticulohistiocytosis.


Assuntos
Histiocitose de Células não Langerhans/diagnóstico , Adulto , Antígenos CD/análise , Antígenos de Diferenciação Mielomonocítica/análise , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Histiocitose de Células não Langerhans/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Lipídeos/análise , Masculino
14.
Arch Virol ; 146(10): 2029-37, 2001 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11722022

RESUMO

Several PrP gene polymorphisms modulate sheep scrapie susceptibility. Recently, an increase of scrapie outbreaks has been reported in Italy. A vaccine containing sheep brain homogenate was used in most of the outbreaks. We investigated PrP gene polymorphisms in scrapie-affected and clinically healthy Sarda breed sheep from a flock exposed to the aforementioned vaccine, and in affected Sarda sheep from unexposed flocks. All affected animals were (Gln/Gln)171 homozygous. Moreover, we observed no variation for Ala136 and a new polymorphism (Lys to Asn) at codon 176. Our findings confirm the correlation between scrapie and (Gln/Gln)171 in breeds with no variation for Ala136.


Assuntos
Príons/genética , Scrapie/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Códon , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Polimorfismo Genético , Coelhos , Ovinos
15.
Mamm Genome ; 12(9): 729-33, 2001 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11641722

RESUMO

The doppel protein (Dpl) is a prion-like protein encoded by the gene PRND, which has been found downstream of the prion gene, PRNP, in human and mouse. This paper describes the isolation and structural organization of the bovine and ovine PRND genes, which are composed of two exons compared with the three of human and mouse. Intergenic distances between PRNP and PRND were covered by means of long-range PCR and found to be 16.8 and 20 kb, in cattle and sheep respectively. The 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTR) were analyzed to identify transcription regulatory sequences and compared with those from the PRND and PRNP sequences published for other species. Three polymorphisms (R50H, N110H, and R132Q) were revealed in the cattle coding region; two synonymous substitutions (I12I, A26A) were found in sheep. None of the polymorphisms was significantly associated with either Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle or scrapie in sheep.


Assuntos
Bovinos/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Príons/genética , Ovinos/genética , Animais , Primers do DNA/química , Éxons , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI , Genótipo , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Íntrons , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Príons/química , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Análise de Sequência de DNA
16.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg ; 19(2): 170-3, 2001 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11167107

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Increasing use of modern high-resolution imaging techniques yields to describe very early stages of aortic pathology which, if left untreated, may lead to overt aortic dissection. One typical example is aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) with a limited number of cases described in the literature and uncertainties still existing about the most appropriate treatment. Purpose of our study is to report our experience in the evaluation and treatment of IMHs. METHODS: From 1991 to 1999 175 patients were conveyed to our centre for aortic dissection; in nine of them diagnosis of acute IMH was performed. RESULTS: Diagnosis was obtained by means of conventional CT scan of the chest. All the patients underwent surgery, one patient died (11%). At the follow-up (mean 31 months) eight patients were alive and well and did not require any other cardiac surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility to progress to overt aortic dissection may explain the need to an early diagnosis in the treatment of acute IMHs. Immediate surgical treatment is, in our experience, the preferred therapeutic option.


Assuntos
Doenças da Aorta/diagnóstico , Doenças da Aorta/terapia , Hematoma/diagnóstico , Hematoma/terapia , Neoplasias Vasculares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Vasculares/terapia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
17.
Ann Thorac Surg ; 70(2): 547-52, 2000 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10969678

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Postoperative mediastinal false aneurysm is associated with a substantial morbidity and mortality. Surgical treatment is mandatory, although the individual approach varies according to the type of pathologic process, infection status, and site of origin of the aneurysm. METHODS: Between April 1993 and February 1999, we treated 10 patients, aged 25 to 73 years, with anastomotic mediastinal false aneurysm originating from the proximal thoracic aorta. Nine had undergone prior operations on the ascending aorta (7, type A dissection repair; 1, aortitis; 1, root abscess) with a Dacron conduit (n = 5) or valved conduit (n = 4). The last patient had undergone valve replacement for excavating aortic root sepsis. False aneurysms were detected from 2 to 70 months after the most recent operation. Three patients had positive tissue cultures. The surgical procedure was direct suture repair of the disrupted anastomosis in 5, root or ascending aortic replacement with an aortic homograft in 4, and Dacron graft interposition in 1. Hypothermic low-flow perfusion with or without circulatory arrest was used in all patients. RESULTS: There was one hospital death caused by staphylococcal mediastinitis. A false aneurysm recurred after direct suture repair in 2 patients with underlying type A dissection or aortitis. This resulted in one late death. One patient experienced a neurologic event during removal of an infected vascular graft. All 8 surviving patients are alive and well after a mean follow-up of 2 years. Three patients with mycotic false aneurysms remain free from infection after aortic homograft replacement. CONCLUSIONS: Mediastinal false aneurysms are surgically taxing. Low-flow hypothermic perfusion with or without circulatory arrest allows safe reentry. Radical surgery provides a satisfactory outcome in infected patients. Local repair of suture dehiscence in pathologic tissues may predispose to recurrence. We suspect that excessive use of formalin in gelatin-resorcin-formol glue may predispose to tissue necrosis.


Assuntos
Falso Aneurisma/cirurgia , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Falso Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagem , Falso Aneurisma/etiologia , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/etiologia , Feminino , Parada Cardíaca Induzida , Humanos , Masculino , Mediastino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Técnicas de Sutura , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
18.
J Neurosci Methods ; 99(1-2): 59-63, 2000 Jun 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10936643

RESUMO

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and related disorders occur in sporadic, acquired and inherited forms. In sporadic, iatrogenic and new variant CJD the polymorphic codon 129 of the prion protein gene (PRNP) plays an important role for the susceptibility to the disease and for the clinical and neuropathological manifestations. All the inherited forms of CJD and related disorders are linked to point or insert mutations of PRNP. The analysis of PRNP is therefore important for a correct classification of these disorders and for the identification of novel mutations. The aim of the present study is to describe a fast and easy to perform method for the direct sequencing of the PCR amplified PRNP open reading frame, by using M13 tailed primers which allow a direct and rapid method of sequencing. The goodness of this method is demonstrated in the analysis of three sporadic CJD patients with different genotypes at codon 129 and three inherited cases bearing different point mutations of PRNP: the Pro102Leu mutation linked to Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker-syndrome, the Val210Ile mutation and a novel mutation at codon 211 (Gln211Glu) both associated to familial CJD.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/genética , Análise Mutacional de DNA/métodos , Testes Genéticos/métodos , Mutação Puntual/genética , Príons/genética , Humanos , Fases de Leitura Aberta/genética
19.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg ; 17(3): 259-65, 2000 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10758386

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Cardiac morbidity in aortic root replacement often occurs through myocardial ischaemia. We analyzed a 10 year experience of all root replacement operations by one surgeon to determine the incidence of coronary complications and risk factors for early mortality. METHODS: The study included 140 aortic root replacement patients (aged from 2 to 77 years; median 53 years) operated between 1988 and 1999. Thirty-four had Marfan's syndrome. Eleven had root infection requiring homograft replacement. Nineteen were reoperations (14%). Concomitant procedures were arch replacement (16), mitral replacement (five), and coronary bypass (22). Mobilization and reimplantation of the coronary ostia was performed in 139 patients. We performed the distal graft anastomosis before right coronary reimplantation. RESULTS: There were eight hospital deaths (5.7%). Risk factors for hospital mortality were: preoperative NYHA class IV, shock, LVEF < or =30%, acute dissection, concomitant mitral valve replacement, pump time > or = 60 min, reentry for bleeding, and postoperative renal failure. Neither myocardial ischaemia nor right ventricular dysfunction contribute to mortality. There were 18 late deaths with an actuarial survival of 79% at 5 years. There were no late coronary false aneurysms. CONCLUSIONS: Button reimplantation with the sequence described is predictable and safe. Wrap-around is unnecessary. Coronary aneurysms have been eliminated.


Assuntos
Aorta/cirurgia , Doenças da Aorta/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese Vascular , Vasos Coronários/cirurgia , Análise Atuarial , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Dissecção Aórtica/mortalidade , Dissecção Aórtica/cirurgia , Aneurisma Aórtico/mortalidade , Aneurisma Aórtico/cirurgia , Arteriosclerose/cirurgia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
20.
Biotechnol Bioeng ; 67(2): 147-56, 2000 Jan 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10592512

RESUMO

Due to the lack of suitable in-process sensors, on-line monitoring of fermentation processes is restricted almost exclusively to the measurement of physical parameters only indirectly related to key process variables, i.e., substrate, product, and biomass concentration. This obstacle can be overcome by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which allows not only real-time process monitoring, but also automated process control, provided that NIR-generated information is fed to a suitable computerized bioreactor control system. Once the relevant calibrations have been obtained, substrate, biomass and product concentration can be evaluated on-line and used by the bioreactor control system to manage the fermentation. In this work, an NIR-based control system allowed the full automation of a small-scale pilot plant for lactic acid production and provided an excellent tool for process optimization. The growth-inhibiting effect of lactic acid present in the culture broth is enhanced when the growth-limiting substrate, glucose, is also present at relatively high concentrations. Both combined factors can result in a severe reduction of the performance of the lactate production process. A dedicated software enabling on-line NIR data acquisition and reduction, and automated process management through feed addition, culture removal and/or product recovery by microfiltration was developed in order to allow the implementation of continuous fermentation processes with recycling of culture medium and cell recycling. Both operation modes were tested at different dilution rates and the respective cultivation parameters observed were compared with those obtained in a conventional continuous fermentation. Steady states were obtained in both modes with high performance on lactate production. The highest lactate volumetric productivity, 138 g L(-1) h(-1), was obtained in continuous fermentation with cell recycling.


Assuntos
Filtração/métodos , Ácido Láctico/biossíntese , Lacticaseibacillus casei/metabolismo , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho/métodos , Automação , Fermentação , Glucose/metabolismo , Resinas Vegetais , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho/instrumentação
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